doc ringct/mod.rs

It's a notable bandwidth/performance improvement, yet it's not ready. We need a
dedicated Distribution struct which is managed by the wallet and passed in.
While we can do that now, it's not currently worth the effort.

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Auto detect text files and perform LF normalization
+* text=auto
+* text eol=lf
+
+*.pdf binary

.github/actions/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Luke Parker
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

.github/actions/bitcoin/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+name: bitcoin-regtest
+description: Spawns a regtest Bitcoin daemon
+
+inputs:
+  version:
+    description: "Version to download and run"
+    required: false
+    default: "27.0"
+
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+  steps:
+    - name: Bitcoin Daemon Cache
+      id: cache-bitcoind
+      uses: actions/cache@13aacd865c20de90d75de3b17ebe84f7a17d57d2
+      with:
+        path: bitcoin.tar.gz
+        key: bitcoind-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ inputs.version }}
+
+    - name: Download the Bitcoin Daemon
+      if: steps.cache-bitcoind.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        RUNNER_OS=linux
+        RUNNER_ARCH=x86_64
+        FILE=bitcoin-${{ inputs.version }}-$RUNNER_ARCH-$RUNNER_OS-gnu.tar.gz
+
+        wget https://bitcoincore.org/bin/bitcoin-core-${{ inputs.version }}/$FILE
+        mv $FILE bitcoin.tar.gz
+
+    - name: Extract the Bitcoin Daemon
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        tar xzvf bitcoin.tar.gz
+        cd bitcoin-${{ inputs.version }}
+        sudo mv bin/* /bin && sudo mv lib/* /lib
+
+    - name: Bitcoin Regtest Daemon
+      shell: bash
+      run: PATH=$PATH:/usr/bin ./orchestration/dev/coins/bitcoin/run.sh -daemon

.github/actions/build-dependencies/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+name: build-dependencies
+description: Installs build dependencies for Serai
+
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+  steps:
+    - name: Remove unused packages
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        sudo apt remove -y "*msbuild*" "*powershell*" "*nuget*" "*bazel*" "*ansible*" "*terraform*" "*heroku*" "*aws*" azure-cli
+        sudo apt remove -y "*nodejs*" "*npm*" "*yarn*" "*java*" "*kotlin*" "*golang*" "*swift*" "*julia*" "*fortran*" "*android*"
+        sudo apt remove -y "*apache2*" "*nginx*" "*firefox*" "*chromium*" "*chrome*" "*edge*"
+        sudo apt remove -y "*qemu*" "*sql*" "*texinfo*" "*imagemagick*"
+        sudo apt autoremove -y
+        sudo apt clean
+        docker system prune -a --volumes
+      if: runner.os == 'Linux'
+
+    - name: Remove unused packages
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        (gem uninstall -aIx) || (exit 0)
+        brew uninstall --force "*msbuild*" "*powershell*" "*nuget*" "*bazel*" "*ansible*" "*terraform*" "*heroku*" "*aws*" azure-cli
+        brew uninstall --force "*nodejs*" "*npm*" "*yarn*" "*java*" "*kotlin*" "*golang*" "*swift*" "*julia*" "*fortran*" "*android*"
+        brew uninstall --force "*apache2*" "*nginx*" "*firefox*" "*chromium*" "*chrome*" "*edge*"
+        brew uninstall --force "*qemu*" "*sql*" "*texinfo*" "*imagemagick*"
+        brew cleanup
+      if: runner.os == 'macOS'
+
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        if [ "$RUNNER_OS" == "Linux" ]; then
+          sudo apt install -y ca-certificates protobuf-compiler
+        elif [ "$RUNNER_OS" == "Windows" ]; then
+          choco install protoc
+        elif [ "$RUNNER_OS" == "macOS" ]; then
+          brew install protobuf
+        fi
+
+    - name: Install solc
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        cargo install svm-rs
+        svm install 0.8.25
+        svm use 0.8.25
+
+    # - name: Cache Rust
+    #   uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@a95ba195448af2da9b00fb742d14ffaaf3c21f43

.github/actions/monero-wallet-rpc/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+name: monero-wallet-rpc
+description: Spawns a Monero Wallet-RPC.
+
+inputs:
+  version:
+    description: "Version to download and run"
+    required: false
+    default: v0.18.3.1
+
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+  steps:
+    - name: Monero Wallet RPC Cache
+      id: cache-monero-wallet-rpc
+      uses: actions/cache@13aacd865c20de90d75de3b17ebe84f7a17d57d2
+      with:
+        path: monero-wallet-rpc
+        key: monero-wallet-rpc-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ inputs.version }}
+
+    - name: Download the Monero Wallet RPC
+      if: steps.cache-monero-wallet-rpc.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      # Calculates OS/ARCH to demonstrate it, yet then locks to linux-x64 due
+      # to the contained folder not following the same naming scheme and
+      # requiring further expansion not worth doing right now
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        RUNNER_OS=${{ runner.os }}
+        RUNNER_ARCH=${{ runner.arch }}
+
+        RUNNER_OS=${RUNNER_OS,,}
+        RUNNER_ARCH=${RUNNER_ARCH,,}
+
+        RUNNER_OS=linux
+        RUNNER_ARCH=x64
+
+        FILE=monero-$RUNNER_OS-$RUNNER_ARCH-${{ inputs.version }}.tar.bz2
+        wget https://downloads.getmonero.org/cli/$FILE
+        tar -xvf $FILE
+
+        mv monero-x86_64-linux-gnu-${{ inputs.version }}/monero-wallet-rpc monero-wallet-rpc
+
+    - name: Monero Wallet RPC
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ./monero-wallet-rpc --allow-mismatched-daemon-version \
+          --daemon-address 0.0.0.0:18081 --daemon-login serai:seraidex \
+          --disable-rpc-login --rpc-bind-port 18082 \
+          --wallet-dir ./ \
+          --detach

.github/actions/monero/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+name: monero-regtest
+description: Spawns a regtest Monero daemon
+
+inputs:
+  version:
+    description: "Version to download and run"
+    required: false
+    default: v0.18.3.1
+
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+  steps:
+    - name: Monero Daemon Cache
+      id: cache-monerod
+      uses: actions/cache@13aacd865c20de90d75de3b17ebe84f7a17d57d2
+      with:
+        path: /usr/bin/monerod
+        key: monerod-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ inputs.version }}
+
+    - name: Download the Monero Daemon
+      if: steps.cache-monerod.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      # Calculates OS/ARCH to demonstrate it, yet then locks to linux-x64 due
+      # to the contained folder not following the same naming scheme and
+      # requiring further expansion not worth doing right now
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        RUNNER_OS=${{ runner.os }}
+        RUNNER_ARCH=${{ runner.arch }}
+
+        RUNNER_OS=${RUNNER_OS,,}
+        RUNNER_ARCH=${RUNNER_ARCH,,}
+
+        RUNNER_OS=linux
+        RUNNER_ARCH=x64
+
+        FILE=monero-$RUNNER_OS-$RUNNER_ARCH-${{ inputs.version }}.tar.bz2
+        wget https://downloads.getmonero.org/cli/$FILE
+        tar -xvf $FILE
+
+        sudo mv monero-x86_64-linux-gnu-${{ inputs.version }}/monerod /usr/bin/monerod
+        sudo chmod 777 /usr/bin/monerod
+        sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/monerod
+
+    - name: Monero Regtest Daemon
+      shell: bash
+      run: PATH=$PATH:/usr/bin ./orchestration/dev/coins/monero/run.sh --detach

.github/actions/test-dependencies/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+name: test-dependencies
+description: Installs test dependencies for Serai
+
+inputs:
+  monero-version:
+    description: "Monero version to download and run as a regtest node"
+    required: false
+    default: v0.18.3.1
+
+  bitcoin-version:
+    description: "Bitcoin version to download and run as a regtest node"
+    required: false
+    default: "27.0"
+
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+  steps:
+    - name: Install Build Dependencies
+      uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
+
+    - name: Install Foundry
+      uses: foundry-rs/foundry-toolchain@8f1998e9878d786675189ef566a2e4bf24869773
+      with:
+        version: nightly-f625d0fa7c51e65b4bf1e8f7931cd1c6e2e285e9
+        cache: false
+
+    - name: Run a Monero Regtest Node
+      uses: ./.github/actions/monero
+      with:
+        version: ${{ inputs.monero-version }}
+
+    - name: Run a Bitcoin Regtest Node
+      uses: ./.github/actions/bitcoin
+      with:
+        version: ${{ inputs.bitcoin-version }}
+
+    - name: Run a Monero Wallet-RPC
+      uses: ./.github/actions/monero-wallet-rpc

.github/nightly-version

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+nightly-2024-02-07

.github/workflows/coins-tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+name: coins/ Tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+    paths:
+      - "common/**"
+      - "crypto/**"
+      - "coins/**"
+
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "common/**"
+      - "crypto/**"
+      - "coins/**"
+
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  test-coins:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Test Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/test-dependencies
+
+      - name: Run Tests
+        run: |
+          GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features \
+            -p bitcoin-serai \
+            -p alloy-simple-request-transport \
+            -p ethereum-serai \
+            -p monero-generators \
+            -p monero-serai

.github/workflows/common-tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+name: common/ Tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+    paths:
+      - "common/**"
+
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "common/**"
+
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  test-common:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Build Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
+
+      - name: Run Tests
+        run: |
+          GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features \
+            -p std-shims \
+            -p zalloc \
+            -p serai-db \
+            -p serai-env \
+            -p simple-request

.github/workflows/coordinator-tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+name: Coordinator Tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+    paths:
+      - "common/**"
+      - "crypto/**"
+      - "coins/**"
+      - "message-queue/**"
+      - "coordinator/**"
+      - "orchestration/**"
+      - "tests/docker/**"
+      - "tests/coordinator/**"
+
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "common/**"
+      - "crypto/**"
+      - "coins/**"
+      - "message-queue/**"
+      - "coordinator/**"
+      - "orchestration/**"
+      - "tests/docker/**"
+      - "tests/coordinator/**"
+
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Install Build Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
+
+      - name: Run coordinator Docker tests
+        run: cd tests/coordinator && GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features

.github/workflows/crypto-tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+name: crypto/ Tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+    paths:
+      - "common/**"
+      - "crypto/**"
+
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "common/**"
+      - "crypto/**"
+
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  test-crypto:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Build Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
+
+      - name: Run Tests
+        run: |
+          GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features \
+            -p flexible-transcript \
+            -p ff-group-tests \
+            -p dalek-ff-group \
+            -p minimal-ed448 \
+            -p ciphersuite \
+            -p multiexp \
+            -p schnorr-signatures \
+            -p dleq \
+            -p dkg \
+            -p modular-frost \
+            -p frost-schnorrkel

.github/workflows/daily-deny.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+name: Daily Deny Check
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 0 * * *"
+
+jobs:
+  deny:
+    name: Run cargo deny
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Advisory Cache
+        uses: actions/cache@13aacd865c20de90d75de3b17ebe84f7a17d57d2
+        with:
+          path: ~/.cargo/advisory-db
+          key: rust-advisory-db
+
+      - name: Install cargo deny
+        run: cargo install --locked cargo-deny
+
+      - name: Run cargo deny
+        run: cargo deny -L error --all-features check

.github/workflows/full-stack-tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: Full Stack Tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+
+  pull_request:
+
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Install Build Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
+
+      - name: Run Full Stack Docker tests
+        run: cd tests/full-stack && GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+name: Lint
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  clippy:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-13, macos-14, windows-latest]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Get nightly version to use
+        id: nightly
+        shell: bash
+        run: echo "version=$(cat .github/nightly-version)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Build Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
+
+      - name: Install nightly rust
+        run: rustup toolchain install ${{ steps.nightly.outputs.version }} --profile minimal -t wasm32-unknown-unknown -c clippy
+
+      - name: Run Clippy
+        run: cargo +${{ steps.nightly.outputs.version }} clippy --all-features --all-targets -- -D warnings -A clippy::items_after_test_module
+
+      # Also verify the lockfile isn't dirty
+      # This happens when someone edits a Cargo.toml yet doesn't do anything
+      # which causes the lockfile to be updated
+      # The above clippy run will cause it to be updated, so checking there's
+      # no differences present now performs the desired check
+      - name: Verify lockfile
+        shell: bash
+        run: git diff | wc -l | LC_ALL="en_US.utf8" grep -x -e "^[ ]*0"
+
+  deny:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Advisory Cache
+        uses: actions/cache@13aacd865c20de90d75de3b17ebe84f7a17d57d2
+        with:
+          path: ~/.cargo/advisory-db
+          key: rust-advisory-db
+
+      - name: Install cargo deny
+        run: cargo install --locked cargo-deny
+
+      - name: Run cargo deny
+        run: cargo deny -L error --all-features check
+
+  fmt:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Get nightly version to use
+        id: nightly
+        shell: bash
+        run: echo "version=$(cat .github/nightly-version)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Install nightly rust
+        run: rustup toolchain install ${{ steps.nightly.outputs.version }} --profile minimal -c rustfmt
+
+      - name: Run rustfmt
+        run: cargo +${{ steps.nightly.outputs.version }} fmt -- --check
+
+  machete:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - name: Verify all dependencies are in use
+        run: |
+          cargo install cargo-machete
+          cargo machete

.github/workflows/message-queue-tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+name: Message Queue Tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+    paths:
+      - "common/**"
+      - "crypto/**"
+      - "message-queue/**"
+      - "orchestration/**"
+      - "tests/docker/**"
+      - "tests/message-queue/**"
+
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "common/**"
+      - "crypto/**"
+      - "message-queue/**"
+      - "orchestration/**"
+      - "tests/docker/**"
+      - "tests/message-queue/**"
+
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Install Build Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
+
+      - name: Run message-queue Docker tests
+        run: cd tests/message-queue && GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features

.github/workflows/mini-tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: mini/ Tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+    paths:
+      - "mini/**"
+
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "mini/**"
+
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  test-common:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Build Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
+
+      - name: Run Tests
+        run: GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features -p mini-serai

.github/workflows/monero-tests.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+name: Monero Tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+    paths:
+      - "coins/monero/**"
+      - "processor/**"
+
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "coins/monero/**"
+      - "processor/**"
+
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  # Only run these once since they will be consistent regardless of any node
+  unit-tests:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Test Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/test-dependencies
+
+      - name: Run Unit Tests Without Features
+        run: GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --package monero-serai --lib
+
+      # Doesn't run unit tests with features as the tests workflow will
+
+  integration-tests:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # Test against all supported protocol versions
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        version: [v0.17.3.2, v0.18.2.0]
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Test Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/test-dependencies
+        with:
+          monero-version: ${{ matrix.version }}
+
+      - name: Run Integration Tests Without Features
+        # Runs with the binaries feature so the binaries build
+        # https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/8396
+        run: GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --package monero-serai --features binaries --test '*'
+
+      - name: Run Integration Tests
+        # Don't run if the the tests workflow also will
+        if: ${{ matrix.version != 'v0.18.2.0' }}
+        run: GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --package monero-serai --all-features --test '*'

.github/workflows/monthly-nightly-update.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+name: Monthly Nightly Update
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 0 1 * *"
+
+jobs:
+  update:
+    name: Update nightly
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+        with:
+          submodules: "recursive"
+
+      - name: Write nightly version
+        run: echo $(date +"nightly-%Y-%m"-01) > .github/nightly-version
+
+      - name: Create the commit
+        run: |
+          git config user.name "GitHub Actions"
+          git config user.email "<>"
+
+          git checkout -b $(date +"nightly-%Y-%m")
+
+          git add .github/nightly-version
+          git commit -m "Update nightly"
+          git push -u origin $(date +"nightly-%Y-%m")
+
+      - name: Pull Request
+        uses: actions/github-script@d7906e4ad0b1822421a7e6a35d5ca353c962f410
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { repo, owner } = context.repo;
+
+            const result = await github.rest.pulls.create({
+              title: (new Date()).toLocaleString(
+                false,
+                { month: "long", year: "numeric" }
+              ) + " - Rust Nightly Update",
+              owner,
+              repo,
+              head: "nightly-" + (new Date()).toISOString().split("-").splice(0, 2).join("-"),
+              base: "develop",
+              body: "PR auto-generated by a GitHub workflow."
+            });
+
+            github.rest.issues.addLabels({
+              owner,
+              repo,
+              issue_number: result.data.number,
+              labels: ["improvement"]
+            });

.github/workflows/no-std.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+name: no-std build
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+    paths:
+      - "common/**"
+      - "crypto/**"
+      - "coins/**"
+      - "tests/no-std/**"
+
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "common/**"
+      - "crypto/**"
+      - "coins/**"
+      - "tests/no-std/**"
+
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Install Build Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
+
+      - name: Install RISC-V Toolchain
+        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf gcc-multilib && rustup target add riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf
+
+      - name: Verify no-std builds
+        run: cd tests/no-std && CFLAGS=-I/usr/include cargo build --target riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf

.github/workflows/pages.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# MIT License
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2022 just-the-docs
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+# SOFTWARE.
+
+# This workflow uses actions that are not certified by GitHub.
+# They are provided by a third-party and are governed by
+# separate terms of service, privacy policy, and support
+# documentation.
+
+# Sample workflow for building and deploying a Jekyll site to GitHub Pages
+name: Deploy Jekyll site to Pages
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "develop"
+    paths:
+      - "docs/**"
+
+  # Allows you to run this workflow manually from the Actions tab
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+# Sets permissions of the GITHUB_TOKEN to allow deployment to GitHub Pages
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pages: write
+  id-token: write
+
+# Allow one concurrent deployment
+concurrency:
+  group: "pages"
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  # Build job
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        working-directory: docs
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Setup Ruby
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          bundler-cache: true
+          cache-version: 0
+          working-directory: "${{ github.workspace }}/docs"
+      - name: Setup Pages
+        id: pages
+        uses: actions/configure-pages@v3
+      - name: Build with Jekyll
+        run: bundle exec jekyll build --baseurl "${{ steps.pages.outputs.base_path }}"
+        env:
+          JEKYLL_ENV: production
+      - name: Upload artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v1
+        with:
+          path: "docs/_site/"
+
+  # Deployment job
+  deploy:
+    environment:
+      name: github-pages
+      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: build
+    steps:
+      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
+        id: deployment
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v2

.github/workflows/processor-tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+name: Processor Tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+    paths:
+      - "common/**"
+      - "crypto/**"
+      - "coins/**"
+      - "message-queue/**"
+      - "processor/**"
+      - "orchestration/**"
+      - "tests/docker/**"
+      - "tests/processor/**"
+
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "common/**"
+      - "crypto/**"
+      - "coins/**"
+      - "message-queue/**"
+      - "processor/**"
+      - "orchestration/**"
+      - "tests/docker/**"
+      - "tests/processor/**"
+
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Install Build Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
+
+      - name: Run processor Docker tests
+        run: cd tests/processor && GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features

.github/workflows/reproducible-runtime.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+name: Reproducible Runtime
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+    paths:
+      - "Cargo.lock"
+      - "common/**"
+      - "crypto/**"
+      - "substrate/**"
+      - "orchestration/runtime/**"
+      - "tests/reproducible-runtime/**"
+
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "Cargo.lock"
+      - "common/**"
+      - "crypto/**"
+      - "substrate/**"
+      - "orchestration/runtime/**"
+      - "tests/reproducible-runtime/**"
+
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Install Build Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
+
+      - name: Run Reproducible Runtime tests
+        run: cd tests/reproducible-runtime && GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+name: Tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+    paths:
+      - "common/**"
+      - "crypto/**"
+      - "coins/**"
+      - "message-queue/**"
+      - "processor/**"
+      - "coordinator/**"
+      - "substrate/**"
+
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "common/**"
+      - "crypto/**"
+      - "coins/**"
+      - "message-queue/**"
+      - "processor/**"
+      - "coordinator/**"
+      - "substrate/**"
+
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  test-infra:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Build Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
+
+      - name: Run Tests
+        run: |
+          GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features \
+            -p serai-message-queue \
+            -p serai-processor-messages \
+            -p serai-processor \
+            -p tendermint-machine \
+            -p tributary-chain \
+            -p serai-coordinator \
+            -p serai-orchestrator \
+            -p serai-docker-tests
+
+  test-substrate:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Build Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
+
+      - name: Run Tests
+        run: |
+          GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features \
+            -p serai-primitives \
+            -p serai-coins-primitives \
+            -p serai-coins-pallet \
+            -p serai-dex-pallet \
+            -p serai-validator-sets-primitives \
+            -p serai-validator-sets-pallet \
+            -p serai-in-instructions-primitives \
+            -p serai-in-instructions-pallet \
+            -p serai-signals-primitives \
+            -p serai-signals-pallet \
+            -p serai-abi \
+            -p serai-runtime \
+            -p serai-node
+
+  test-serai-client:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+
+      - name: Build Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
+
+      - name: Run Tests
+        run: GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features -p serai-client

.gitignore

@@ -1,2 +1,7 @@
 target
-Cargo.lock
+Dockerfile
+Dockerfile.fast-epoch
+!orchestration/runtime/Dockerfile
+.test-logs
+
+.vscode

.gitmodules

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-[submodule "coins/monero/c/monero"]
-	path = coins/monero/c/monero
-	url = https://github.com/monero-project/monero

.rustfmt.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+edition = "2021"
+tab_spaces = 2
+
+max_width = 100
+# Let the developer decide based on the 100 char line limit
+use_small_heuristics = "Max"
+
+error_on_line_overflow = true
+error_on_unformatted = true
+
+imports_granularity = "Crate"
+reorder_imports = false
+reorder_modules = false
+
+unstable_features = true
+spaces_around_ranges = true
+binop_separator = "Back"

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Contributing
+
+Contributions come in a variety of forms. Developing Serai, helping document it,
+using its libraries in another project, using and testing it, and simply sharing
+it are all valuable ways of contributing.
+
+This document will specifically focus on contributions to this repository in the
+form of code and documentation.
+
+### Rules
+
+- Stable native Rust, nightly wasm and tools.
+- `cargo fmt` must be used.
+- `cargo clippy` must pass, except for the ignored rules (`type_complexity` and
+`dead_code`).
+- The CI must pass.
+
+- Only use uppercase variable names when relevant to cryptography.
+
+- Use a two-space ident when possible.
+- Put a space after comment markers.
+- Don't use multiple newlines between sections of code.
+- Have a newline before EOF.
+
+### Guidelines
+
+- Sort inputs as core, std, third party, and then Serai.
+- Comment code reasonably.
+- Include tests for new features.
+- Sign commits.
+
+### Submission
+
+All submissions should be through GitHub. Contributions to a crate will be
+licensed according to the crate's existing license, with the crate's copyright
+holders (distinct from authors) having the right to re-license the crate via a
+unanimous decision.

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,22 +1,184 @@
 [workspace]
+resolver = "2"
 members = [
+  # Version patches
+  "patches/zstd",
+  "patches/rocksdb",
+  "patches/proc-macro-crate",
+
+  # std patches
+  "patches/matches",
+  "patches/is-terminal",
+
+  # Rewrites/redirects
+  "patches/option-ext",
+  "patches/directories-next",
+
+  "common/std-shims",
+  "common/zalloc",
+  "common/db",
+  "common/env",
+  "common/request",
+
   "crypto/transcript",
 
+  "crypto/ff-group-tests",
   "crypto/dalek-ff-group",
-  "crypto/tables",
+  "crypto/ed448",
+  "crypto/ciphersuite",
+
   "crypto/multiexp",
 
+  "crypto/schnorr",
   "crypto/dleq",
+  "crypto/dkg",
   "crypto/frost",
+  "crypto/schnorrkel",
 
+  "coins/bitcoin",
+  "coins/ethereum/alloy-simple-request-transport",
+  "coins/ethereum",
+  "coins/monero/generators",
   "coins/monero",
 
+  "message-queue",
+
+  "processor/messages",
   "processor",
 
+  "coordinator/tributary/tendermint",
+  "coordinator/tributary",
+  "coordinator",
+
+  "substrate/primitives",
+
+  "substrate/coins/primitives",
+  "substrate/coins/pallet",
+
+  "substrate/in-instructions/primitives",
+  "substrate/in-instructions/pallet",
+
+  "substrate/validator-sets/primitives",
+  "substrate/validator-sets/pallet",
+
+  "substrate/signals/primitives",
+  "substrate/signals/pallet",
+
+  "substrate/abi",
+
   "substrate/runtime",
-  "substrate/consensus",
-  "substrate/node"
+  "substrate/node",
+
+  "substrate/client",
+
+  "orchestration",
+
+  "mini",
+
+  "tests/no-std",
+
+  "tests/docker",
+  "tests/message-queue",
+  "tests/processor",
+  "tests/coordinator",
+  "tests/full-stack",
+  "tests/reproducible-runtime",
 ]
 
+# Always compile Monero (and a variety of dependencies) with optimizations due
+# to the extensive operations required for Bulletproofs
+[profile.dev.package]
+subtle = { opt-level = 3 }
+curve25519-dalek = { opt-level = 3 }
+
+ff = { opt-level = 3 }
+group = { opt-level = 3 }
+
+crypto-bigint = { opt-level = 3 }
+dalek-ff-group = { opt-level = 3 }
+minimal-ed448 = { opt-level = 3 }
+
+multiexp = { opt-level = 3 }
+
+monero-serai = { opt-level = 3 }
+
 [profile.release]
 panic = "unwind"
+
+[patch.crates-io]
+# https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/lazy-static.rs/issues/201
+lazy_static = { git = "https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/lazy-static.rs", rev = "5735630d46572f1e5377c8f2ba0f79d18f53b10c" }
+
+# Needed due to dockertest's usage of `Rc`s when we need `Arc`s
+dockertest = { git = "https://github.com/kayabaNerve/dockertest-rs", branch = "arc" }
+
+# wasmtime pulls in an old version for this
+zstd = { path = "patches/zstd" }
+# Needed for WAL compression
+rocksdb = { path = "patches/rocksdb" }
+# proc-macro-crate 2 binds to an old version of toml for msrv so we patch to 3
+proc-macro-crate = { path = "patches/proc-macro-crate" }
+
+# is-terminal now has an std-based solution with an equivalent API
+is-terminal = { path = "patches/is-terminal" }
+# So does matches
+matches = { path = "patches/matches" }
+
+# directories-next was created because directories was unmaintained
+# directories-next is now unmaintained while directories is maintained
+# The directories author pulls in ridiculously pointless crates and prefers
+# copyleft licenses
+# The following two patches resolve everything
+option-ext = { path = "patches/option-ext" }
+directories-next = { path = "patches/directories-next" }
+
+[workspace.lints.clippy]
+unwrap_or_default = "allow"
+borrow_as_ptr = "deny"
+cast_lossless = "deny"
+cast_possible_truncation = "deny"
+cast_possible_wrap = "deny"
+cast_precision_loss = "deny"
+cast_ptr_alignment = "deny"
+cast_sign_loss = "deny"
+checked_conversions = "deny"
+cloned_instead_of_copied = "deny"
+enum_glob_use = "deny"
+expl_impl_clone_on_copy = "deny"
+explicit_into_iter_loop = "deny"
+explicit_iter_loop = "deny"
+flat_map_option = "deny"
+float_cmp = "deny"
+fn_params_excessive_bools = "deny"
+ignored_unit_patterns = "deny"
+implicit_clone = "deny"
+inefficient_to_string = "deny"
+invalid_upcast_comparisons = "deny"
+large_stack_arrays = "deny"
+linkedlist = "deny"
+macro_use_imports = "deny"
+manual_instant_elapsed = "deny"
+manual_let_else = "deny"
+manual_ok_or = "deny"
+manual_string_new = "deny"
+map_unwrap_or = "deny"
+match_bool = "deny"
+match_same_arms = "deny"
+missing_fields_in_debug = "deny"
+needless_continue = "deny"
+needless_pass_by_value = "deny"
+ptr_cast_constness = "deny"
+range_minus_one = "deny"
+range_plus_one = "deny"
+redundant_closure_for_method_calls = "deny"
+redundant_else = "deny"
+string_add_assign = "deny"
+unchecked_duration_subtraction = "deny"
+uninlined_format_args = "deny"
+unnecessary_box_returns = "deny"
+unnecessary_join = "deny"
+unnecessary_wraps = "deny"
+unnested_or_patterns = "deny"
+unused_async = "deny"
+unused_self = "deny"
+zero_sized_map_values = "deny"

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Serai crates are licensed under one of two licenses, either MIT or AGPL-3.0,
+depending on the crate in question. Each crate declares their license in their
+`Cargo.toml` and includes a `LICENSE` file detailing its status. Additionally,
+a full copy of the AGPL-3.0 License is included in the root of this repository
+as a reference text. This copy should be provided with any distribution of a
+crate licensed under the AGPL-3.0, as per its terms.
+
+The GitHub actions (`.github/actions`) are licensed under the MIT license.

README.md

@@ -1,22 +1,66 @@
 # Serai
 
 Serai is a new DEX, built from the ground up, initially planning on listing
-Bitcoin, Ethereum, Monero, DAI, and USDC, offering a liquidity pool trading
-experience. Funds are stored in an economically secured threshold multisig
+Bitcoin, Ethereum, DAI, and Monero, offering a liquidity-pool-based trading
+experience. Funds are stored in an economically secured threshold-multisig
 wallet.
 
+[Getting Started](spec/Getting%20Started.md)
+
 ### Layout
 
-- `docs` - Documentation on the Serai protocol.
+- `audits`: Audits for various parts of Serai.
 
-- `coins` - Various coin libraries intended for usage in Serai yet also by the
-  wider community. This means they will always support the functionality Serai
-  needs, yet won't disadvantage other use cases when possible.
+- `spec`: The specification of the Serai protocol, both internally and as
+  networked.
 
-- `crypto` - A series of composable cryptographic libraries built around the
-  `ff`/`group` APIs achieving a variety of tasks. These range from generic
+- `docs`: User-facing documentation on the Serai protocol.
+
+- `common`: Crates containing utilities common to a variety of areas under
+  Serai, none neatly fitting under another category.
+
+- `crypto`: A series of composable cryptographic libraries built around the
+  `ff`/`group` APIs, achieving a variety of tasks. These range from generic
   infrastructure, to our IETF-compliant FROST implementation, to a DLEq proof as
   needed for Bitcoin-Monero atomic swaps.
 
-- `processor` - A generic chain processor to process data for Serai and process
+- `coins`: Various coin libraries intended for usage in Serai yet also by the
+  wider community. This means they will always support the functionality Serai
+  needs, yet won't disadvantage other use cases when possible.
+
+- `message-queue`: An ordered message server so services can talk to each other,
+  even when the other is offline.
+
+- `processor`: A generic chain processor to process data for Serai and process
   events from Serai, executing transactions as expected and needed.
+
+- `coordinator`: A service to manage processors and communicate over a P2P
+  network with other validators.
+
+- `substrate`: Substrate crates used to instantiate the Serai network.
+
+- `orchestration`: Dockerfiles and scripts to deploy a Serai node/test
+  environment.
+
+- `tests`: Tests for various crates. Generally, `crate/src/tests` is used, or
+  `crate/tests`, yet any tests requiring crates' binaries are placed here.
+
+### Security
+
+Serai hosts a bug bounty program via
+[Immunefi](https://immunefi.com/bounty/serai/). For in-scope critical
+vulnerabilities, we will reward whitehats with up to $30,000.
+
+Anything not in-scope should still be submitted through Immunefi, with rewards
+issued at the discretion of the Immunefi program managers.
+
+### Links
+
+- [Website](https://serai.exchange/): https://serai.exchange/
+- [Immunefi](https://immunefi.com/bounty/serai/): https://immunefi.com/bounty/serai/
+- [Twitter](https://twitter.com/SeraiDEX): https://twitter.com/SeraiDEX
+- [Mastodon](https://cryptodon.lol/@serai): https://cryptodon.lol/@serai
+- [Discord](https://discord.gg/mpEUtJR3vz): https://discord.gg/mpEUtJR3vz
+- [Matrix](https://matrix.to/#/#serai:matrix.org): https://matrix.to/#/#serai:matrix.org
+- [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/SeraiDEX/): https://www.reddit.com/r/SeraiDEX/
+- [Telegram](https://t.me/SeraiDEX): https://t.me/SeraiDEX

audits/Cypher Stack coins bitcoin August 2023/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2023 Cypher Stack
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

audits/Cypher Stack coins bitcoin August 2023/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Cypher Stack /coins/bitcoin Audit, August 2023
+
+This audit was over the /coins/bitcoin folder. It is encompassing up to commit
+5121ca75199dff7bd34230880a1fdd793012068c.
+
+Please see https://github.com/cypherstack/serai-btc-audit for provenance.

audits/Cypher Stack crypto March 2023/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2023 Cypher Stack
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

audits/Cypher Stack crypto March 2023/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Cypher Stack /crypto Audit, March 2023
+
+This audit was over the /crypto folder, excluding the ed448 crate, the `Ed448`
+ciphersuite in the ciphersuite crate, and the `dleq/experimental` feature. It is
+encompassing up to commit 669d2dbffc1dafb82a09d9419ea182667115df06.
+
+Please see https://github.com/cypherstack/serai-audit for provenance.

coins/bitcoin/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+[package]
+name = "bitcoin-serai"
+version = "0.3.0"
+description = "A Bitcoin library for FROST-signing transactions"
+license = "MIT"
+repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/coins/bitcoin"
+authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>", "Vrx <vrx00@proton.me>"]
+edition = "2021"
+rust-version = "1.74"
+
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+all-features = true
+rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+std-shims = { version = "0.1.1", path = "../../common/std-shims", default-features = false }
+
+thiserror = { version = "1", default-features = false, optional = true }
+
+zeroize = { version = "^1.5", default-features = false }
+rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false }
+
+bitcoin = { version = "0.31", default-features = false, features = ["no-std"] }
+
+k256 = { version = "^0.13.1", default-features = false, features = ["arithmetic", "bits"] }
+
+transcript = { package = "flexible-transcript", path = "../../crypto/transcript", version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["recommended"], optional = true }
+frost = { package = "modular-frost", path = "../../crypto/frost", version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["secp256k1"], optional = true }
+
+hex = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, optional = true }
+serde = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive"], optional = true }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, optional = true }
+simple-request = { path = "../../common/request", version = "0.1", default-features = false, features = ["tls", "basic-auth"], optional = true }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+secp256k1 = { version = "0.28", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+
+frost = { package = "modular-frost", path = "../../crypto/frost", features = ["tests"] }
+
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["macros"] }
+
+[features]
+std = [
+  "std-shims/std",
+
+  "thiserror",
+
+  "zeroize/std",
+  "rand_core/std",
+
+  "bitcoin/std",
+  "bitcoin/serde",
+
+  "k256/std",
+
+  "transcript/std",
+  "frost",
+
+  "hex/std",
+  "serde/std",
+  "serde_json/std",
+  "simple-request",
+]
+hazmat = []
+default = ["std"]

coins/bitcoin/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Luke Parker
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

coins/bitcoin/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# bitcoin-serai
+
+An application of [modular-frost](https://docs.rs/modular-frost) to Bitcoin
+transactions, enabling extremely-efficient multisigs.

coins/bitcoin/src/crypto.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+use k256::{
+  elliptic_curve::sec1::{Tag, ToEncodedPoint},
+  ProjectivePoint,
+};
+
+use bitcoin::key::XOnlyPublicKey;
+
+/// Get the x coordinate of a non-infinity, even point. Panics on invalid input.
+pub fn x(key: &ProjectivePoint) -> [u8; 32] {
+  let encoded = key.to_encoded_point(true);
+  assert_eq!(encoded.tag(), Tag::CompressedEvenY, "x coordinate of odd key");
+  (*encoded.x().expect("point at infinity")).into()
+}
+
+/// Convert a non-infinity even point to a XOnlyPublicKey. Panics on invalid input.
+pub fn x_only(key: &ProjectivePoint) -> XOnlyPublicKey {
+  XOnlyPublicKey::from_slice(&x(key)).expect("x_only was passed a point which was infinity or odd")
+}
+
+/// Make a point even by adding the generator until it is even.
+///
+/// Returns the even point and the amount of additions required.
+#[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "hazmat"))]
+pub fn make_even(mut key: ProjectivePoint) -> (ProjectivePoint, u64) {
+  let mut c = 0;
+  while key.to_encoded_point(true).tag() == Tag::CompressedOddY {
+    key += ProjectivePoint::GENERATOR;
+    c += 1;
+  }
+  (key, c)
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+mod frost_crypto {
+  use core::fmt::Debug;
+  use std_shims::{vec::Vec, io};
+
+  use zeroize::Zeroizing;
+  use rand_core::{RngCore, CryptoRng};
+
+  use bitcoin::hashes::{HashEngine, Hash, sha256::Hash as Sha256};
+
+  use transcript::Transcript;
+
+  use k256::{elliptic_curve::ops::Reduce, U256, Scalar};
+
+  use frost::{
+    curve::{Ciphersuite, Secp256k1},
+    Participant, ThresholdKeys, ThresholdView, FrostError,
+    algorithm::{Hram as HramTrait, Algorithm, Schnorr as FrostSchnorr},
+  };
+
+  use super::*;
+
+  /// A BIP-340 compatible HRAm for use with the modular-frost Schnorr Algorithm.
+  ///
+  /// If passed an odd nonce, it will have the generator added until it is even.
+  ///
+  /// If the key is odd, this will panic.
+  #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+  pub struct Hram;
+  #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+  impl HramTrait<Secp256k1> for Hram {
+    fn hram(R: &ProjectivePoint, A: &ProjectivePoint, m: &[u8]) -> Scalar {
+      // Convert the nonce to be even
+      let (R, _) = make_even(*R);
+
+      const TAG_HASH: Sha256 = Sha256::const_hash(b"BIP0340/challenge");
+
+      let mut data = Sha256::engine();
+      data.input(TAG_HASH.as_ref());
+      data.input(TAG_HASH.as_ref());
+      data.input(&x(&R));
+      data.input(&x(A));
+      data.input(m);
+
+      Scalar::reduce(U256::from_be_slice(Sha256::from_engine(data).as_ref()))
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// BIP-340 Schnorr signature algorithm.
+  ///
+  /// This must be used with a ThresholdKeys whose group key is even. If it is odd, this will panic.
+  #[derive(Clone)]
+  pub struct Schnorr<T: Sync + Clone + Debug + Transcript>(FrostSchnorr<Secp256k1, T, Hram>);
+  impl<T: Sync + Clone + Debug + Transcript> Schnorr<T> {
+    /// Construct a Schnorr algorithm continuing the specified transcript.
+    pub fn new(transcript: T) -> Schnorr<T> {
+      Schnorr(FrostSchnorr::new(transcript))
+    }
+  }
+
+  impl<T: Sync + Clone + Debug + Transcript> Algorithm<Secp256k1> for Schnorr<T> {
+    type Transcript = T;
+    type Addendum = ();
+    type Signature = [u8; 64];
+
+    fn transcript(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Transcript {
+      self.0.transcript()
+    }
+
+    fn nonces(&self) -> Vec<Vec<ProjectivePoint>> {
+      self.0.nonces()
+    }
+
+    fn preprocess_addendum<R: RngCore + CryptoRng>(
+      &mut self,
+      rng: &mut R,
+      keys: &ThresholdKeys<Secp256k1>,
+    ) {
+      self.0.preprocess_addendum(rng, keys)
+    }
+
+    fn read_addendum<R: io::Read>(&self, reader: &mut R) -> io::Result<Self::Addendum> {
+      self.0.read_addendum(reader)
+    }
+
+    fn process_addendum(
+      &mut self,
+      view: &ThresholdView<Secp256k1>,
+      i: Participant,
+      addendum: (),
+    ) -> Result<(), FrostError> {
+      self.0.process_addendum(view, i, addendum)
+    }
+
+    fn sign_share(
+      &mut self,
+      params: &ThresholdView<Secp256k1>,
+      nonce_sums: &[Vec<<Secp256k1 as Ciphersuite>::G>],
+      nonces: Vec<Zeroizing<<Secp256k1 as Ciphersuite>::F>>,
+      msg: &[u8],
+    ) -> <Secp256k1 as Ciphersuite>::F {
+      self.0.sign_share(params, nonce_sums, nonces, msg)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    fn verify(
+      &self,
+      group_key: ProjectivePoint,
+      nonces: &[Vec<ProjectivePoint>],
+      sum: Scalar,
+    ) -> Option<Self::Signature> {
+      self.0.verify(group_key, nonces, sum).map(|mut sig| {
+        // Make the R of the final signature even
+        let offset;
+        (sig.R, offset) = make_even(sig.R);
+        // s = r + cx. Since we added to the r, add to s
+        sig.s += Scalar::from(offset);
+        // Convert to a Bitcoin signature by dropping the byte for the point's sign bit
+        sig.serialize()[1 ..].try_into().unwrap()
+      })
+    }
+
+    fn verify_share(
+      &self,
+      verification_share: ProjectivePoint,
+      nonces: &[Vec<ProjectivePoint>],
+      share: Scalar,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<(Scalar, ProjectivePoint)>, ()> {
+      self.0.verify_share(verification_share, nonces, share)
+    }
+  }
+}
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+pub use frost_crypto::*;

coins/bitcoin/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
+#![doc = include_str!("../README.md")]
+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
+extern crate alloc;
+
+/// The bitcoin Rust library.
+pub use bitcoin;
+
+/// Cryptographic helpers.
+#[cfg(feature = "hazmat")]
+pub mod crypto;
+#[cfg(not(feature = "hazmat"))]
+pub(crate) mod crypto;
+
+/// Wallet functionality to create transactions.
+pub mod wallet;
+/// A minimal asynchronous Bitcoin RPC client.
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+pub mod rpc;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;

coins/bitcoin/src/rpc.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+use core::fmt::Debug;
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, de::DeserializeOwned};
+use serde_json::json;
+
+use simple_request::{hyper, Request, Client};
+
+use bitcoin::{
+  hashes::{Hash, hex::FromHex},
+  consensus::encode,
+  Txid, Transaction, BlockHash, Block,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Error {
+  code: isize,
+  message: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+enum RpcResponse<T> {
+  Ok { result: T },
+  Err { error: Error },
+}
+
+/// A minimal asynchronous Bitcoin RPC client.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Rpc {
+  client: Client,
+  url: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Error)]
+pub enum RpcError {
+  #[error("couldn't connect to node")]
+  ConnectionError,
+  #[error("request had an error: {0:?}")]
+  RequestError(Error),
+  #[error("node replied with invalid JSON")]
+  InvalidJson(serde_json::error::Category),
+  #[error("node sent an invalid response ({0})")]
+  InvalidResponse(&'static str),
+  #[error("node was missing expected methods")]
+  MissingMethods(HashSet<&'static str>),
+}
+
+impl Rpc {
+  /// Create a new connection to a Bitcoin RPC.
+  ///
+  /// An RPC call is performed to ensure the node is reachable (and that an invalid URL wasn't
+  /// provided).
+  ///
+  /// Additionally, a set of expected methods is checked to be offered by the Bitcoin RPC. If these
+  /// methods aren't provided, an error with the missing methods is returned. This ensures all RPC
+  /// routes explicitly provided by this library are at least possible.
+  ///
+  /// Each individual RPC route may still fail at time-of-call, regardless of the arguments
+  /// provided to this library, if the RPC has an incompatible argument layout. That is not checked
+  /// at time of RPC creation.
+  pub async fn new(url: String) -> Result<Rpc, RpcError> {
+    let rpc = Rpc { client: Client::with_connection_pool(), url };
+
+    // Make an RPC request to verify the node is reachable and sane
+    let res: String = rpc.rpc_call("help", json!([])).await?;
+
+    // Verify all methods we expect are present
+    // If we had a more expanded RPC, due to differences in RPC versions, it wouldn't make sense to
+    // error if all methods weren't present
+    // We only provide a very minimal set of methods which have been largely consistent, hence why
+    // this is sane
+    let mut expected_methods = HashSet::from([
+      "help",
+      "getblockcount",
+      "getblockhash",
+      "getblockheader",
+      "getblock",
+      "sendrawtransaction",
+      "getrawtransaction",
+    ]);
+    for line in res.split('\n') {
+      // This doesn't check if the arguments are as expected
+      // This is due to Bitcoin supporting a large amount of optional arguments, which
+      // occasionally change, with their own mechanism of text documentation, making matching off
+      // it a quite involved task
+      // Instead, once we've confirmed the methods are present, we assume our arguments are aligned
+      // Else we'll error at time of call
+      if expected_methods.remove(line.split(' ').next().unwrap_or("")) &&
+        expected_methods.is_empty()
+      {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if !expected_methods.is_empty() {
+      Err(RpcError::MissingMethods(expected_methods))?;
+    };
+
+    Ok(rpc)
+  }
+
+  /// Perform an arbitrary RPC call.
+  pub async fn rpc_call<Response: DeserializeOwned + Debug>(
+    &self,
+    method: &str,
+    params: serde_json::Value,
+  ) -> Result<Response, RpcError> {
+    let mut request = Request::from(
+      hyper::Request::post(&self.url)
+        .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+        .body(
+          serde_json::to_vec(&json!({ "jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": method, "params": params }))
+            .unwrap()
+            .into(),
+        )
+        .unwrap(),
+    );
+    request.with_basic_auth();
+    let mut res = self
+      .client
+      .request(request)
+      .await
+      .map_err(|_| RpcError::ConnectionError)?
+      .body()
+      .await
+      .map_err(|_| RpcError::ConnectionError)?;
+
+    let res: RpcResponse<Response> =
+      serde_json::from_reader(&mut res).map_err(|e| RpcError::InvalidJson(e.classify()))?;
+    match res {
+      RpcResponse::Ok { result } => Ok(result),
+      RpcResponse::Err { error } => Err(RpcError::RequestError(error)),
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Get the latest block's number.
+  ///
+  /// The genesis block's 'number' is zero. They increment from there.
+  pub async fn get_latest_block_number(&self) -> Result<usize, RpcError> {
+    // getblockcount doesn't return the amount of blocks on the current chain, yet the "height"
+    // of the current chain. The "height" of the current chain is defined as the "height" of the
+    // tip block of the current chain. The "height" of a block is defined as the amount of blocks
+    // present when the block was created. Accordingly, the genesis block has height 0, and
+    // getblockcount will return 0 when it's only the only block, despite their being one block.
+    self.rpc_call("getblockcount", json!([])).await
+  }
+
+  /// Get the hash of a block by the block's number.
+  pub async fn get_block_hash(&self, number: usize) -> Result<[u8; 32], RpcError> {
+    let mut hash = self
+      .rpc_call::<BlockHash>("getblockhash", json!([number]))
+      .await?
+      .as_raw_hash()
+      .to_byte_array();
+    // bitcoin stores the inner bytes in reverse order.
+    hash.reverse();
+    Ok(hash)
+  }
+
+  /// Get a block's number by its hash.
+  pub async fn get_block_number(&self, hash: &[u8; 32]) -> Result<usize, RpcError> {
+    #[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
+    struct Number {
+      height: usize,
+    }
+    Ok(self.rpc_call::<Number>("getblockheader", json!([hex::encode(hash)])).await?.height)
+  }
+
+  /// Get a block by its hash.
+  pub async fn get_block(&self, hash: &[u8; 32]) -> Result<Block, RpcError> {
+    let hex = self.rpc_call::<String>("getblock", json!([hex::encode(hash), 0])).await?;
+    let bytes: Vec<u8> = FromHex::from_hex(&hex)
+      .map_err(|_| RpcError::InvalidResponse("node didn't use hex to encode the block"))?;
+    let block: Block = encode::deserialize(&bytes)
+      .map_err(|_| RpcError::InvalidResponse("node sent an improperly serialized block"))?;
+
+    let mut block_hash = *block.block_hash().as_raw_hash().as_byte_array();
+    block_hash.reverse();
+    if hash != &block_hash {
+      Err(RpcError::InvalidResponse("node replied with a different block"))?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(block)
+  }
+
+  /// Publish a transaction.
+  pub async fn send_raw_transaction(&self, tx: &Transaction) -> Result<Txid, RpcError> {
+    let txid = match self.rpc_call("sendrawtransaction", json!([encode::serialize_hex(tx)])).await {
+      Ok(txid) => txid,
+      Err(e) => {
+        // A const from Bitcoin's bitcoin/src/rpc/protocol.h
+        const RPC_VERIFY_ALREADY_IN_CHAIN: isize = -27;
+        // If this was already successfully published, consider this having succeeded
+        if let RpcError::RequestError(Error { code, .. }) = e {
+          if code == RPC_VERIFY_ALREADY_IN_CHAIN {
+            return Ok(tx.txid());
+          }
+        }
+        Err(e)?
+      }
+    };
+    if txid != tx.txid() {
+      Err(RpcError::InvalidResponse("returned TX ID inequals calculated TX ID"))?;
+    }
+    Ok(txid)
+  }
+
+  /// Get a transaction by its hash.
+  pub async fn get_transaction(&self, hash: &[u8; 32]) -> Result<Transaction, RpcError> {
+    let hex = self.rpc_call::<String>("getrawtransaction", json!([hex::encode(hash)])).await?;
+    let bytes: Vec<u8> = FromHex::from_hex(&hex)
+      .map_err(|_| RpcError::InvalidResponse("node didn't use hex to encode the transaction"))?;
+    let tx: Transaction = encode::deserialize(&bytes)
+      .map_err(|_| RpcError::InvalidResponse("node sent an improperly serialized transaction"))?;
+
+    let mut tx_hash = *tx.txid().as_raw_hash().as_byte_array();
+    tx_hash.reverse();
+    if hash != &tx_hash {
+      Err(RpcError::InvalidResponse("node replied with a different transaction"))?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(tx)
+  }
+}

coins/bitcoin/src/tests/crypto.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+use rand_core::OsRng;
+
+use secp256k1::{Secp256k1 as BContext, Message, schnorr::Signature};
+
+use k256::Scalar;
+use transcript::{Transcript, RecommendedTranscript};
+use frost::{
+  curve::Secp256k1,
+  Participant,
+  tests::{algorithm_machines, key_gen, sign},
+};
+
+use crate::{
+  bitcoin::hashes::{Hash as HashTrait, sha256::Hash},
+  crypto::{x_only, make_even, Schnorr},
+};
+
+#[test]
+fn test_algorithm() {
+  let mut keys = key_gen::<_, Secp256k1>(&mut OsRng);
+  const MESSAGE: &[u8] = b"Hello, World!";
+
+  for keys in keys.values_mut() {
+    let (_, offset) = make_even(keys.group_key());
+    *keys = keys.offset(Scalar::from(offset));
+  }
+
+  let algo =
+    Schnorr::<RecommendedTranscript>::new(RecommendedTranscript::new(b"bitcoin-serai sign test"));
+  let sig = sign(
+    &mut OsRng,
+    &algo,
+    keys.clone(),
+    algorithm_machines(&mut OsRng, &algo, &keys),
+    Hash::hash(MESSAGE).as_ref(),
+  );
+
+  BContext::new()
+    .verify_schnorr(
+      &Signature::from_slice(&sig)
+        .expect("couldn't convert produced signature to secp256k1::Signature"),
+      &Message::from(Hash::hash(MESSAGE)),
+      &x_only(&keys[&Participant::new(1).unwrap()].group_key()),
+    )
+    .unwrap()
+}

coins/bitcoin/src/tests/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+mod crypto;

coins/bitcoin/src/wallet/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+use std_shims::{
+  vec::Vec,
+  collections::HashMap,
+  io::{self, Write},
+};
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use std_shims::io::Read;
+
+use k256::{
+  elliptic_curve::sec1::{Tag, ToEncodedPoint},
+  Scalar, ProjectivePoint,
+};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use frost::{
+  curve::{Ciphersuite, Secp256k1},
+  ThresholdKeys,
+};
+
+use bitcoin::{
+  consensus::encode::serialize, key::TweakedPublicKey, address::Payload, OutPoint, ScriptBuf,
+  TxOut, Transaction, Block,
+};
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use bitcoin::consensus::encode::Decodable;
+
+use crate::crypto::x_only;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use crate::crypto::make_even;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+mod send;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+pub use send::*;
+
+/// Tweak keys to ensure they're usable with Bitcoin.
+///
+/// Taproot keys, which these keys are used as, must be even. This offsets the keys until they're
+/// even.
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+pub fn tweak_keys(keys: &ThresholdKeys<Secp256k1>) -> ThresholdKeys<Secp256k1> {
+  let (_, offset) = make_even(keys.group_key());
+  keys.offset(Scalar::from(offset))
+}
+
+/// Return the Taproot address payload for a public key.
+///
+/// If the key is odd, this will return None.
+pub fn address_payload(key: ProjectivePoint) -> Option<Payload> {
+  if key.to_encoded_point(true).tag() != Tag::CompressedEvenY {
+    return None;
+  }
+
+  Some(Payload::p2tr_tweaked(TweakedPublicKey::dangerous_assume_tweaked(x_only(&key))))
+}
+
+/// A spendable output.
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub struct ReceivedOutput {
+  // The scalar offset to obtain the key usable to spend this output.
+  offset: Scalar,
+  // The output to spend.
+  output: TxOut,
+  // The TX ID and vout of the output to spend.
+  outpoint: OutPoint,
+}
+
+impl ReceivedOutput {
+  /// The offset for this output.
+  pub fn offset(&self) -> Scalar {
+    self.offset
+  }
+
+  /// The Bitcoin output for this output.
+  pub fn output(&self) -> &TxOut {
+    &self.output
+  }
+
+  /// The outpoint for this output.
+  pub fn outpoint(&self) -> &OutPoint {
+    &self.outpoint
+  }
+
+  /// The value of this output.
+  pub fn value(&self) -> u64 {
+    self.output.value.to_sat()
+  }
+
+  /// Read a ReceivedOutput from a generic satisfying Read.
+  #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+  pub fn read<R: Read>(r: &mut R) -> io::Result<ReceivedOutput> {
+    Ok(ReceivedOutput {
+      offset: Secp256k1::read_F(r)?,
+      output: TxOut::consensus_decode(r).map_err(|_| io::Error::other("invalid TxOut"))?,
+      outpoint: OutPoint::consensus_decode(r).map_err(|_| io::Error::other("invalid OutPoint"))?,
+    })
+  }
+
+  /// Write a ReceivedOutput to a generic satisfying Write.
+  pub fn write<W: Write>(&self, w: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> {
+    w.write_all(&self.offset.to_bytes())?;
+    w.write_all(&serialize(&self.output))?;
+    w.write_all(&serialize(&self.outpoint))
+  }
+
+  /// Serialize a ReceivedOutput to a `Vec<u8>`.
+  pub fn serialize(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut res = Vec::new();
+    self.write(&mut res).unwrap();
+    res
+  }
+}
+
+/// A transaction scanner capable of being used with HDKD schemes.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Scanner {
+  key: ProjectivePoint,
+  scripts: HashMap<ScriptBuf, Scalar>,
+}
+
+impl Scanner {
+  /// Construct a Scanner for a key.
+  ///
+  /// Returns None if this key can't be scanned for.
+  pub fn new(key: ProjectivePoint) -> Option<Scanner> {
+    let mut scripts = HashMap::new();
+    scripts.insert(address_payload(key)?.script_pubkey(), Scalar::ZERO);
+    Some(Scanner { key, scripts })
+  }
+
+  /// Register an offset to scan for.
+  ///
+  /// Due to Bitcoin's requirement that points are even, not every offset may be used.
+  /// If an offset isn't usable, it will be incremented until it is. If this offset is already
+  /// present, None is returned. Else, Some(offset) will be, with the used offset.
+  ///
+  /// This means offsets are surjective, not bijective, and the order offsets are registered in
+  /// may determine the validity of future offsets.
+  pub fn register_offset(&mut self, mut offset: Scalar) -> Option<Scalar> {
+    // This loop will terminate as soon as an even point is found, with any point having a ~50%
+    // chance of being even
+    // That means this should terminate within a very small amount of iterations
+    loop {
+      match address_payload(self.key + (ProjectivePoint::GENERATOR * offset)) {
+        Some(address) => {
+          let script = address.script_pubkey();
+          if self.scripts.contains_key(&script) {
+            None?;
+          }
+          self.scripts.insert(script, offset);
+          return Some(offset);
+        }
+        None => offset += Scalar::ONE,
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Scan a transaction.
+  pub fn scan_transaction(&self, tx: &Transaction) -> Vec<ReceivedOutput> {
+    let mut res = Vec::new();
+    for (vout, output) in tx.output.iter().enumerate() {
+      // If the vout index exceeds 2**32, stop scanning outputs
+      let Ok(vout) = u32::try_from(vout) else { break };
+
+      if let Some(offset) = self.scripts.get(&output.script_pubkey) {
+        res.push(ReceivedOutput {
+          offset: *offset,
+          output: output.clone(),
+          outpoint: OutPoint::new(tx.txid(), vout),
+        });
+      }
+    }
+    res
+  }
+
+  /// Scan a block.
+  ///
+  /// This will also scan the coinbase transaction which is bound by maturity. If received outputs
+  /// must be immediately spendable, a post-processing pass is needed to remove those outputs.
+  /// Alternatively, scan_transaction can be called on `block.txdata[1 ..]`.
+  pub fn scan_block(&self, block: &Block) -> Vec<ReceivedOutput> {
+    let mut res = Vec::new();
+    for tx in &block.txdata {
+      res.extend(self.scan_transaction(tx));
+    }
+    res
+  }
+}

coins/bitcoin/src/wallet/send.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+use std_shims::{
+  io::{self, Read},
+  collections::HashMap,
+};
+
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use rand_core::{RngCore, CryptoRng};
+
+use transcript::{Transcript, RecommendedTranscript};
+
+use k256::{elliptic_curve::sec1::ToEncodedPoint, Scalar};
+use frost::{curve::Secp256k1, Participant, ThresholdKeys, FrostError, sign::*};
+
+use bitcoin::{
+  hashes::Hash,
+  sighash::{TapSighashType, SighashCache, Prevouts},
+  absolute::LockTime,
+  script::{PushBytesBuf, ScriptBuf},
+  transaction::{Version, Transaction},
+  OutPoint, Sequence, Witness, TxIn, Amount, TxOut, Address,
+};
+
+use crate::{
+  crypto::Schnorr,
+  wallet::{ReceivedOutput, address_payload},
+};
+
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+// https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/306ccd4927a2efe325c8d84be1bdb79edeb29b04/src/policy/policy.cpp#L26-L63
+// As the above notes, a lower amount may not be considered dust if contained in a SegWit output
+// This doesn't bother with delineation due to how marginal these values are, and because it isn't
+// worth the complexity to implement differentation
+pub const DUST: u64 = 546;
+
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Error)]
+pub enum TransactionError {
+  #[error("no inputs were specified")]
+  NoInputs,
+  #[error("no outputs were created")]
+  NoOutputs,
+  #[error("a specified payment's amount was less than bitcoin's required minimum")]
+  DustPayment,
+  #[error("too much data was specified")]
+  TooMuchData,
+  #[error("fee was too low to pass the default minimum fee rate")]
+  TooLowFee,
+  #[error("not enough funds for these payments")]
+  NotEnoughFunds,
+  #[error("transaction was too large")]
+  TooLargeTransaction,
+}
+
+/// A signable transaction, clone-able across attempts.
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub struct SignableTransaction {
+  tx: Transaction,
+  offsets: Vec<Scalar>,
+  prevouts: Vec<TxOut>,
+  needed_fee: u64,
+}
+
+impl SignableTransaction {
+  fn calculate_weight(inputs: usize, payments: &[(Address, u64)], change: Option<&Address>) -> u64 {
+    // Expand this a full transaction in order to use the bitcoin library's weight function
+    let mut tx = Transaction {
+      version: Version(2),
+      lock_time: LockTime::ZERO,
+      input: vec![
+        TxIn {
+          // This is a fixed size
+          // See https://developer.bitcoin.org/reference/transactions.html#raw-transaction-format
+          previous_output: OutPoint::default(),
+          // This is empty for a Taproot spend
+          script_sig: ScriptBuf::new(),
+          // This is fixed size, yet we do use Sequence::MAX
+          sequence: Sequence::MAX,
+          // Our witnesses contains a single 64-byte signature
+          witness: Witness::from_slice(&[vec![0; 64]])
+        };
+        inputs
+      ],
+      output: payments
+        .iter()
+        // The payment is a fixed size so we don't have to use it here
+        // The script pub key is not of a fixed size and does have to be used here
+        .map(|payment| TxOut {
+          value: Amount::from_sat(payment.1),
+          script_pubkey: payment.0.script_pubkey(),
+        })
+        .collect(),
+    };
+    if let Some(change) = change {
+      // Use a 0 value since we're currently unsure what the change amount will be, and since
+      // the value is fixed size (so any value could be used here)
+      tx.output.push(TxOut { value: Amount::ZERO, script_pubkey: change.script_pubkey() });
+    }
+    u64::from(tx.weight())
+  }
+
+  /// Returns the fee necessary for this transaction to achieve the fee rate specified at
+  /// construction.
+  ///
+  /// The actual fee this transaction will use is `sum(inputs) - sum(outputs)`.
+  pub fn needed_fee(&self) -> u64 {
+    self.needed_fee
+  }
+
+  /// Returns the fee this transaction will use.
+  pub fn fee(&self) -> u64 {
+    self.prevouts.iter().map(|prevout| prevout.value.to_sat()).sum::<u64>() -
+      self.tx.output.iter().map(|prevout| prevout.value.to_sat()).sum::<u64>()
+  }
+
+  /// Create a new SignableTransaction.
+  ///
+  /// If a change address is specified, any leftover funds will be sent to it if the leftover funds
+  /// exceed the minimum output amount. If a change address isn't specified, all leftover funds
+  /// will become part of the paid fee.
+  ///
+  /// If data is specified, an OP_RETURN output will be added with it.
+  pub fn new(
+    mut inputs: Vec<ReceivedOutput>,
+    payments: &[(Address, u64)],
+    change: Option<&Address>,
+    data: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+    fee_per_weight: u64,
+  ) -> Result<SignableTransaction, TransactionError> {
+    if inputs.is_empty() {
+      Err(TransactionError::NoInputs)?;
+    }
+
+    if payments.is_empty() && change.is_none() && data.is_none() {
+      Err(TransactionError::NoOutputs)?;
+    }
+
+    for (_, amount) in payments {
+      if *amount < DUST {
+        Err(TransactionError::DustPayment)?;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if data.as_ref().map_or(0, Vec::len) > 80 {
+      Err(TransactionError::TooMuchData)?;
+    }
+
+    let input_sat = inputs.iter().map(|input| input.output.value.to_sat()).sum::<u64>();
+    let offsets = inputs.iter().map(|input| input.offset).collect();
+    let tx_ins = inputs
+      .iter()
+      .map(|input| TxIn {
+        previous_output: input.outpoint,
+        script_sig: ScriptBuf::new(),
+        sequence: Sequence::MAX,
+        witness: Witness::new(),
+      })
+      .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    let payment_sat = payments.iter().map(|payment| payment.1).sum::<u64>();
+    let mut tx_outs = payments
+      .iter()
+      .map(|payment| TxOut {
+        value: Amount::from_sat(payment.1),
+        script_pubkey: payment.0.script_pubkey(),
+      })
+      .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    // Add the OP_RETURN output
+    if let Some(data) = data {
+      tx_outs.push(TxOut {
+        value: Amount::ZERO,
+        script_pubkey: ScriptBuf::new_op_return(
+          PushBytesBuf::try_from(data)
+            .expect("data didn't fit into PushBytes depsite being checked"),
+        ),
+      })
+    }
+
+    let mut weight = Self::calculate_weight(tx_ins.len(), payments, None);
+    let mut needed_fee = fee_per_weight * weight;
+
+    // "Virtual transaction size" is weight ceildiv 4 per
+    // https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0141.mediawiki
+
+    // https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/306ccd4927a2efe325c8d84be1bdb79edeb29b04/
+    //  src/policy/policy.cpp#L295-L298
+    // implements this as expected
+
+    // Technically, it takes whatever's greater, the weight or the amount of signature operations
+    // multiplied by DEFAULT_BYTES_PER_SIGOP (20)
+    // We only use 1 signature per input, and our inputs have a weight exceeding 20
+    // Accordingly, our inputs' weight will always be greater than the cost of the signature ops
+    let vsize = weight.div_ceil(4);
+    debug_assert_eq!(
+      u64::try_from(bitcoin::policy::get_virtual_tx_size(
+        weight.try_into().unwrap(),
+        tx_ins.len().try_into().unwrap()
+      ))
+      .unwrap(),
+      vsize
+    );
+    // Technically, if there isn't change, this TX may still pay enough of a fee to pass the
+    // minimum fee. Such edge cases aren't worth programming when they go against intent, as the
+    // specified fee rate is too low to be valid
+    // bitcoin::policy::DEFAULT_MIN_RELAY_TX_FEE is in sats/kilo-vbyte
+    if needed_fee < ((u64::from(bitcoin::policy::DEFAULT_MIN_RELAY_TX_FEE) * vsize) / 1000) {
+      Err(TransactionError::TooLowFee)?;
+    }
+
+    if input_sat < (payment_sat + needed_fee) {
+      Err(TransactionError::NotEnoughFunds)?;
+    }
+
+    // If there's a change address, check if there's change to give it
+    if let Some(change) = change {
+      let weight_with_change = Self::calculate_weight(tx_ins.len(), payments, Some(change));
+      let fee_with_change = fee_per_weight * weight_with_change;
+      if let Some(value) = input_sat.checked_sub(payment_sat + fee_with_change) {
+        if value >= DUST {
+          tx_outs
+            .push(TxOut { value: Amount::from_sat(value), script_pubkey: change.script_pubkey() });
+          weight = weight_with_change;
+          needed_fee = fee_with_change;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if tx_outs.is_empty() {
+      Err(TransactionError::NoOutputs)?;
+    }
+
+    if weight > u64::from(bitcoin::policy::MAX_STANDARD_TX_WEIGHT) {
+      Err(TransactionError::TooLargeTransaction)?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(SignableTransaction {
+      tx: Transaction {
+        version: Version(2),
+        lock_time: LockTime::ZERO,
+        input: tx_ins,
+        output: tx_outs,
+      },
+      offsets,
+      prevouts: inputs.drain(..).map(|input| input.output).collect(),
+      needed_fee,
+    })
+  }
+
+  /// Returns the TX ID of the transaction this will create.
+  pub fn txid(&self) -> [u8; 32] {
+    let mut res = self.tx.txid().to_byte_array();
+    res.reverse();
+    res
+  }
+
+  /// Returns the outputs this transaction will create.
+  pub fn outputs(&self) -> &[TxOut] {
+    &self.tx.output
+  }
+
+  /// Create a multisig machine for this transaction.
+  ///
+  /// Returns None if the wrong keys are used.
+  pub fn multisig(
+    self,
+    keys: &ThresholdKeys<Secp256k1>,
+    mut transcript: RecommendedTranscript,
+  ) -> Option<TransactionMachine> {
+    transcript.domain_separate(b"bitcoin_transaction");
+    transcript.append_message(b"root_key", keys.group_key().to_encoded_point(true).as_bytes());
+
+    // Transcript the inputs and outputs
+    let tx = &self.tx;
+    for input in &tx.input {
+      transcript.append_message(b"input_hash", input.previous_output.txid);
+      transcript.append_message(b"input_output_index", input.previous_output.vout.to_le_bytes());
+    }
+    for payment in &tx.output {
+      transcript.append_message(b"output_script", payment.script_pubkey.as_bytes());
+      transcript.append_message(b"output_amount", payment.value.to_sat().to_le_bytes());
+    }
+
+    let mut sigs = vec![];
+    for i in 0 .. tx.input.len() {
+      let mut transcript = transcript.clone();
+      // This unwrap is safe since any transaction with this many inputs violates the maximum
+      // size allowed under standards, which this lib will error on creation of
+      transcript.append_message(b"signing_input", u32::try_from(i).unwrap().to_le_bytes());
+
+      let offset = keys.clone().offset(self.offsets[i]);
+      if address_payload(offset.group_key())?.script_pubkey() != self.prevouts[i].script_pubkey {
+        None?;
+      }
+
+      sigs.push(AlgorithmMachine::new(
+        Schnorr::new(transcript),
+        keys.clone().offset(self.offsets[i]),
+      ));
+    }
+
+    Some(TransactionMachine { tx: self, sigs })
+  }
+}
+
+/// A FROST signing machine to produce a Bitcoin transaction.
+///
+/// This does not support caching its preprocess. When sign is called, the message must be empty.
+/// This will panic if either `cache` is called or the message isn't empty.
+pub struct TransactionMachine {
+  tx: SignableTransaction,
+  sigs: Vec<AlgorithmMachine<Secp256k1, Schnorr<RecommendedTranscript>>>,
+}
+
+impl PreprocessMachine for TransactionMachine {
+  type Preprocess = Vec<Preprocess<Secp256k1, ()>>;
+  type Signature = Transaction;
+  type SignMachine = TransactionSignMachine;
+
+  fn preprocess<R: RngCore + CryptoRng>(
+    mut self,
+    rng: &mut R,
+  ) -> (Self::SignMachine, Self::Preprocess) {
+    let mut preprocesses = Vec::with_capacity(self.sigs.len());
+    let sigs = self
+      .sigs
+      .drain(..)
+      .map(|sig| {
+        let (sig, preprocess) = sig.preprocess(rng);
+        preprocesses.push(preprocess);
+        sig
+      })
+      .collect();
+
+    (TransactionSignMachine { tx: self.tx, sigs }, preprocesses)
+  }
+}
+
+pub struct TransactionSignMachine {
+  tx: SignableTransaction,
+  sigs: Vec<AlgorithmSignMachine<Secp256k1, Schnorr<RecommendedTranscript>>>,
+}
+
+impl SignMachine<Transaction> for TransactionSignMachine {
+  type Params = ();
+  type Keys = ThresholdKeys<Secp256k1>;
+  type Preprocess = Vec<Preprocess<Secp256k1, ()>>;
+  type SignatureShare = Vec<SignatureShare<Secp256k1>>;
+  type SignatureMachine = TransactionSignatureMachine;
+
+  fn cache(self) -> CachedPreprocess {
+    unimplemented!(
+      "Bitcoin transactions don't support caching their preprocesses due to {}",
+      "being already bound to a specific transaction"
+    );
+  }
+
+  fn from_cache(
+    (): (),
+    _: ThresholdKeys<Secp256k1>,
+    _: CachedPreprocess,
+  ) -> (Self, Self::Preprocess) {
+    unimplemented!(
+      "Bitcoin transactions don't support caching their preprocesses due to {}",
+      "being already bound to a specific transaction"
+    );
+  }
+
+  fn read_preprocess<R: Read>(&self, reader: &mut R) -> io::Result<Self::Preprocess> {
+    self.sigs.iter().map(|sig| sig.read_preprocess(reader)).collect()
+  }
+
+  fn sign(
+    mut self,
+    commitments: HashMap<Participant, Self::Preprocess>,
+    msg: &[u8],
+  ) -> Result<(TransactionSignatureMachine, Self::SignatureShare), FrostError> {
+    if !msg.is_empty() {
+      panic!("message was passed to the TransactionSignMachine when it generates its own");
+    }
+
+    let commitments = (0 .. self.sigs.len())
+      .map(|c| {
+        commitments
+          .iter()
+          .map(|(l, commitments)| (*l, commitments[c].clone()))
+          .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>()
+      })
+      .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    let mut cache = SighashCache::new(&self.tx.tx);
+    // Sign committing to all inputs
+    let prevouts = Prevouts::All(&self.tx.prevouts);
+
+    let mut shares = Vec::with_capacity(self.sigs.len());
+    let sigs = self
+      .sigs
+      .drain(..)
+      .enumerate()
+      .map(|(i, sig)| {
+        let (sig, share) = sig.sign(
+          commitments[i].clone(),
+          cache
+            .taproot_key_spend_signature_hash(i, &prevouts, TapSighashType::Default)
+            // This should never happen since the inputs align with the TX the cache was
+            // constructed with, and because i is always < prevouts.len()
+            .expect("taproot_key_spend_signature_hash failed to return a hash")
+            .as_ref(),
+        )?;
+        shares.push(share);
+        Ok(sig)
+      })
+      .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
+
+    Ok((TransactionSignatureMachine { tx: self.tx.tx, sigs }, shares))
+  }
+}
+
+pub struct TransactionSignatureMachine {
+  tx: Transaction,
+  sigs: Vec<AlgorithmSignatureMachine<Secp256k1, Schnorr<RecommendedTranscript>>>,
+}
+
+impl SignatureMachine<Transaction> for TransactionSignatureMachine {
+  type SignatureShare = Vec<SignatureShare<Secp256k1>>;
+
+  fn read_share<R: Read>(&self, reader: &mut R) -> io::Result<Self::SignatureShare> {
+    self.sigs.iter().map(|sig| sig.read_share(reader)).collect()
+  }
+
+  fn complete(
+    mut self,
+    mut shares: HashMap<Participant, Self::SignatureShare>,
+  ) -> Result<Transaction, FrostError> {
+    for (input, schnorr) in self.tx.input.iter_mut().zip(self.sigs.drain(..)) {
+      let sig = schnorr.complete(
+        shares.iter_mut().map(|(l, shares)| (*l, shares.remove(0))).collect::<HashMap<_, _>>(),
+      )?;
+
+      let mut witness = Witness::new();
+      witness.push(sig);
+      input.witness = witness;
+    }
+
+    Ok(self.tx)
+  }
+}

coins/bitcoin/tests/rpc.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+use bitcoin_serai::{bitcoin::hashes::Hash as HashTrait, rpc::RpcError};
+
+mod runner;
+use runner::rpc;
+
+async_sequential! {
+  async fn test_rpc() {
+    let rpc = rpc().await;
+
+    // Test get_latest_block_number and get_block_hash by round tripping them
+    let latest = rpc.get_latest_block_number().await.unwrap();
+    let hash = rpc.get_block_hash(latest).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rpc.get_block_number(&hash).await.unwrap(), latest);
+
+    // Test this actually is the latest block number by checking asking for the next block's errors
+    assert!(matches!(rpc.get_block_hash(latest + 1).await, Err(RpcError::RequestError(_))));
+
+    // Test get_block by checking the received block's hash matches the request
+    let block = rpc.get_block(&hash).await.unwrap();
+    // Hashes are stored in reverse. It's bs from Satoshi
+    let mut block_hash = *block.block_hash().as_raw_hash().as_byte_array();
+    block_hash.reverse();
+    assert_eq!(hash, block_hash);
+  }
+}

coins/bitcoin/tests/runner.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+use std::sync::OnceLock;
+
+use bitcoin_serai::rpc::Rpc;
+
+use tokio::sync::Mutex;
+
+static SEQUENTIAL_CELL: OnceLock<Mutex<()>> = OnceLock::new();
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+pub fn SEQUENTIAL() -> &'static Mutex<()> {
+  SEQUENTIAL_CELL.get_or_init(|| Mutex::new(()))
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub(crate) async fn rpc() -> Rpc {
+  let rpc = Rpc::new("http://serai:seraidex@127.0.0.1:8332".to_string()).await.unwrap();
+
+  // If this node has already been interacted with, clear its chain
+  if rpc.get_latest_block_number().await.unwrap() > 0 {
+    rpc
+      .rpc_call(
+        "invalidateblock",
+        serde_json::json!([hex::encode(rpc.get_block_hash(1).await.unwrap())]),
+      )
+      .await
+      .unwrap()
+  }
+
+  rpc
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! async_sequential {
+  ($(async fn $name: ident() $body: block)*) => {
+    $(
+      #[tokio::test]
+      async fn $name() {
+        let guard = runner::SEQUENTIAL().lock().await;
+        let local = tokio::task::LocalSet::new();
+        local.run_until(async move {
+          if let Err(err) = tokio::task::spawn_local(async move { $body }).await {
+            drop(guard);
+            Err(err).unwrap()
+          }
+        }).await;
+      }
+    )*
+  }
+}

coins/bitcoin/tests/wallet.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use rand_core::{RngCore, OsRng};
+
+use transcript::{Transcript, RecommendedTranscript};
+
+use k256::{
+  elliptic_curve::{
+    group::{ff::Field, Group},
+    sec1::{Tag, ToEncodedPoint},
+  },
+  Scalar, ProjectivePoint,
+};
+use frost::{
+  curve::Secp256k1,
+  Participant, ThresholdKeys,
+  tests::{THRESHOLD, key_gen, sign_without_caching},
+};
+
+use bitcoin_serai::{
+  bitcoin::{
+    hashes::Hash as HashTrait,
+    blockdata::opcodes::all::OP_RETURN,
+    script::{PushBytesBuf, Instruction, Instructions, Script},
+    address::NetworkChecked,
+    OutPoint, Amount, TxOut, Transaction, Network, Address,
+  },
+  wallet::{
+    tweak_keys, address_payload, ReceivedOutput, Scanner, TransactionError, SignableTransaction,
+  },
+  rpc::Rpc,
+};
+
+mod runner;
+use runner::rpc;
+
+const FEE: u64 = 20;
+
+fn is_even(key: ProjectivePoint) -> bool {
+  key.to_encoded_point(true).tag() == Tag::CompressedEvenY
+}
+
+async fn send_and_get_output(rpc: &Rpc, scanner: &Scanner, key: ProjectivePoint) -> ReceivedOutput {
+  let block_number = rpc.get_latest_block_number().await.unwrap() + 1;
+
+  rpc
+    .rpc_call::<Vec<String>>(
+      "generatetoaddress",
+      serde_json::json!([
+        1,
+        Address::<NetworkChecked>::new(Network::Regtest, address_payload(key).unwrap())
+      ]),
+    )
+    .await
+    .unwrap();
+
+  // Mine until maturity
+  rpc
+    .rpc_call::<Vec<String>>(
+      "generatetoaddress",
+      serde_json::json!([100, Address::p2sh(Script::new(), Network::Regtest).unwrap()]),
+    )
+    .await
+    .unwrap();
+
+  let block = rpc.get_block(&rpc.get_block_hash(block_number).await.unwrap()).await.unwrap();
+
+  let mut outputs = scanner.scan_block(&block);
+  assert_eq!(outputs, scanner.scan_transaction(&block.txdata[0]));
+
+  assert_eq!(outputs.len(), 1);
+  assert_eq!(outputs[0].outpoint(), &OutPoint::new(block.txdata[0].txid(), 0));
+  assert_eq!(outputs[0].value(), block.txdata[0].output[0].value.to_sat());
+
+  assert_eq!(
+    ReceivedOutput::read::<&[u8]>(&mut outputs[0].serialize().as_ref()).unwrap(),
+    outputs[0]
+  );
+
+  outputs.swap_remove(0)
+}
+
+fn keys() -> (HashMap<Participant, ThresholdKeys<Secp256k1>>, ProjectivePoint) {
+  let mut keys = key_gen(&mut OsRng);
+  for keys in keys.values_mut() {
+    *keys = tweak_keys(keys);
+  }
+  let key = keys.values().next().unwrap().group_key();
+  (keys, key)
+}
+
+fn sign(
+  keys: &HashMap<Participant, ThresholdKeys<Secp256k1>>,
+  tx: &SignableTransaction,
+) -> Transaction {
+  let mut machines = HashMap::new();
+  for i in (1 ..= THRESHOLD).map(|i| Participant::new(i).unwrap()) {
+    machines.insert(
+      i,
+      tx.clone()
+        .multisig(&keys[&i].clone(), RecommendedTranscript::new(b"bitcoin-serai Test Transaction"))
+        .unwrap(),
+    );
+  }
+  sign_without_caching(&mut OsRng, machines, &[])
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_tweak_keys() {
+  let mut even = false;
+  let mut odd = false;
+
+  // Generate keys until we get an even set and an odd set
+  while !(even && odd) {
+    let mut keys = key_gen(&mut OsRng).drain().next().unwrap().1;
+    if is_even(keys.group_key()) {
+      // Tweaking should do nothing
+      assert_eq!(tweak_keys(&keys).group_key(), keys.group_key());
+
+      even = true;
+    } else {
+      let tweaked = tweak_keys(&keys).group_key();
+      assert_ne!(tweaked, keys.group_key());
+      // Tweaking should produce an even key
+      assert!(is_even(tweaked));
+
+      // Verify it uses the smallest possible offset
+      while keys.group_key().to_encoded_point(true).tag() == Tag::CompressedOddY {
+        keys = keys.offset(Scalar::ONE);
+      }
+      assert_eq!(tweaked, keys.group_key());
+
+      odd = true;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+async_sequential! {
+  async fn test_scanner() {
+    // Test Scanners are creatable for even keys.
+    for _ in 0 .. 128 {
+      let key = ProjectivePoint::random(&mut OsRng);
+      assert_eq!(Scanner::new(key).is_some(), is_even(key));
+    }
+
+    let mut key = ProjectivePoint::random(&mut OsRng);
+    while !is_even(key) {
+      key += ProjectivePoint::GENERATOR;
+    }
+
+    {
+      let mut scanner = Scanner::new(key).unwrap();
+      for _ in 0 .. 128 {
+        let mut offset = Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
+        let registered = scanner.register_offset(offset).unwrap();
+        // Registering this again should return None
+        assert!(scanner.register_offset(offset).is_none());
+
+        // We can only register offsets resulting in even keys
+        // Make this even
+        while !is_even(key + (ProjectivePoint::GENERATOR * offset)) {
+          offset += Scalar::ONE;
+        }
+        // Ensure it matches the registered offset
+        assert_eq!(registered, offset);
+        // Assert registering this again fails
+        assert!(scanner.register_offset(offset).is_none());
+      }
+    }
+
+    let rpc = rpc().await;
+    let mut scanner = Scanner::new(key).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(send_and_get_output(&rpc, &scanner, key).await.offset(), Scalar::ZERO);
+
+    // Register an offset and test receiving to it
+    let offset = scanner.register_offset(Scalar::random(&mut OsRng)).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+      send_and_get_output(&rpc, &scanner, key + (ProjectivePoint::GENERATOR * offset))
+        .await
+        .offset(),
+      offset
+    );
+  }
+
+  async fn test_transaction_errors() {
+    let (_, key) = keys();
+
+    let rpc = rpc().await;
+    let scanner = Scanner::new(key).unwrap();
+
+    let output = send_and_get_output(&rpc, &scanner, key).await;
+    assert_eq!(output.offset(), Scalar::ZERO);
+
+    let inputs = vec![output];
+    let addr = || Address::<NetworkChecked>::new(Network::Regtest, address_payload(key).unwrap());
+    let payments = vec![(addr(), 1000)];
+
+    assert!(SignableTransaction::new(inputs.clone(), &payments, None, None, FEE).is_ok());
+
+    assert_eq!(
+      SignableTransaction::new(vec![], &payments, None, None, FEE),
+      Err(TransactionError::NoInputs)
+    );
+
+    // No change
+    assert!(SignableTransaction::new(inputs.clone(), &[(addr(), 1000)], None, None, FEE).is_ok());
+    // Consolidation TX
+    assert!(SignableTransaction::new(inputs.clone(), &[], Some(&addr()), None, FEE).is_ok());
+    // Data
+    assert!(SignableTransaction::new(inputs.clone(), &[], None, Some(vec![]), FEE).is_ok());
+    // No outputs
+    assert_eq!(
+      SignableTransaction::new(inputs.clone(), &[], None, None, FEE),
+      Err(TransactionError::NoOutputs),
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+      SignableTransaction::new(inputs.clone(), &[(addr(), 1)], None, None, FEE),
+      Err(TransactionError::DustPayment),
+    );
+
+    assert!(
+      SignableTransaction::new(inputs.clone(), &payments, None, Some(vec![0; 80]), FEE).is_ok()
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+      SignableTransaction::new(inputs.clone(), &payments, None, Some(vec![0; 81]), FEE),
+      Err(TransactionError::TooMuchData),
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+      SignableTransaction::new(inputs.clone(), &[], Some(&addr()), None, 0),
+      Err(TransactionError::TooLowFee),
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+      SignableTransaction::new(inputs.clone(), &[(addr(), inputs[0].value() * 2)], None, None, FEE),
+      Err(TransactionError::NotEnoughFunds),
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(
+      SignableTransaction::new(inputs, &vec![(addr(), 1000); 10000], None, None, FEE),
+      Err(TransactionError::TooLargeTransaction),
+    );
+  }
+
+  async fn test_send() {
+    let (keys, key) = keys();
+
+    let rpc = rpc().await;
+    let mut scanner = Scanner::new(key).unwrap();
+
+    // Get inputs, one not offset and one offset
+    let output = send_and_get_output(&rpc, &scanner, key).await;
+    assert_eq!(output.offset(), Scalar::ZERO);
+
+    let offset = scanner.register_offset(Scalar::random(&mut OsRng)).unwrap();
+    let offset_key = key + (ProjectivePoint::GENERATOR * offset);
+    let offset_output = send_and_get_output(&rpc, &scanner, offset_key).await;
+    assert_eq!(offset_output.offset(), offset);
+
+    // Declare payments, change, fee
+    let payments = [
+      (Address::<NetworkChecked>::new(Network::Regtest, address_payload(key).unwrap()), 1005),
+      (Address::<NetworkChecked>::new(Network::Regtest, address_payload(offset_key).unwrap()), 1007)
+    ];
+
+    let change_offset = scanner.register_offset(Scalar::random(&mut OsRng)).unwrap();
+    let change_key = key + (ProjectivePoint::GENERATOR * change_offset);
+    let change_addr =
+      Address::<NetworkChecked>::new(Network::Regtest, address_payload(change_key).unwrap());
+
+    // Create and sign the TX
+    let tx = SignableTransaction::new(
+      vec![output.clone(), offset_output.clone()],
+      &payments,
+      Some(&change_addr),
+      None,
+      FEE
+    ).unwrap();
+    let needed_fee = tx.needed_fee();
+    let expected_id = tx.txid();
+    let tx = sign(&keys, &tx);
+
+    assert_eq!(tx.output.len(), 3);
+
+    // Ensure we can scan it
+    let outputs = scanner.scan_transaction(&tx);
+    for (o, output) in outputs.iter().enumerate() {
+      assert_eq!(output.outpoint(), &OutPoint::new(tx.txid(), u32::try_from(o).unwrap()));
+      assert_eq!(&ReceivedOutput::read::<&[u8]>(&mut output.serialize().as_ref()).unwrap(), output);
+    }
+
+    assert_eq!(outputs[0].offset(), Scalar::ZERO);
+    assert_eq!(outputs[1].offset(), offset);
+    assert_eq!(outputs[2].offset(), change_offset);
+
+    // Make sure the payments were properly created
+    for ((output, scanned), payment) in tx.output.iter().zip(outputs.iter()).zip(payments.iter()) {
+      assert_eq!(
+        output,
+        &TxOut { script_pubkey: payment.0.script_pubkey(), value: Amount::from_sat(payment.1) },
+      );
+      assert_eq!(scanned.value(), payment.1 );
+    }
+
+    // Make sure the change is correct
+    assert_eq!(needed_fee, u64::from(tx.weight()) * FEE);
+    let input_value = output.value() + offset_output.value();
+    let output_value = tx.output.iter().map(|output| output.value.to_sat()).sum::<u64>();
+    assert_eq!(input_value - output_value, needed_fee);
+
+    let change_amount =
+      input_value - payments.iter().map(|payment| payment.1).sum::<u64>() - needed_fee;
+    assert_eq!(
+      tx.output[2],
+      TxOut { script_pubkey: change_addr.script_pubkey(), value: Amount::from_sat(change_amount) },
+    );
+
+    // This also tests send_raw_transaction and get_transaction, which the RPC test can't
+    // effectively test
+    rpc.send_raw_transaction(&tx).await.unwrap();
+    let mut hash = *tx.txid().as_raw_hash().as_byte_array();
+    hash.reverse();
+    assert_eq!(tx, rpc.get_transaction(&hash).await.unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(expected_id, hash);
+  }
+
+  async fn test_data() {
+    let (keys, key) = keys();
+
+    let rpc = rpc().await;
+    let scanner = Scanner::new(key).unwrap();
+
+    let output = send_and_get_output(&rpc, &scanner, key).await;
+    assert_eq!(output.offset(), Scalar::ZERO);
+
+    let data_len = 60 + usize::try_from(OsRng.next_u64() % 21).unwrap();
+    let mut data = vec![0; data_len];
+    OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut data);
+
+    let tx = sign(
+      &keys,
+      &SignableTransaction::new(
+        vec![output],
+        &[],
+        Some(&Address::<NetworkChecked>::new(Network::Regtest, address_payload(key).unwrap())),
+        Some(data.clone()),
+        FEE
+      ).unwrap()
+    );
+
+    assert!(tx.output[0].script_pubkey.is_op_return());
+    let check = |mut instructions: Instructions| {
+      assert_eq!(instructions.next().unwrap().unwrap(), Instruction::Op(OP_RETURN));
+      assert_eq!(
+        instructions.next().unwrap().unwrap(),
+        Instruction::PushBytes(&PushBytesBuf::try_from(data.clone()).unwrap()),
+      );
+      assert!(instructions.next().is_none());
+    };
+    check(tx.output[0].script_pubkey.instructions());
+    check(tx.output[0].script_pubkey.instructions_minimal());
+  }
+}

coins/ethereum/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Solidity build outputs
+cache
+artifacts

coins/ethereum/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+[package]
+name = "ethereum-serai"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "An Ethereum library supporting Schnorr signing and on-chain verification"
+license = "AGPL-3.0-only"
+repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/coins/ethereum"
+authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>", "Elizabeth Binks <elizabethjbinks@gmail.com>"]
+edition = "2021"
+publish = false
+rust-version = "1.74"
+
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+all-features = true
+rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+thiserror = { version = "1", default-features = false }
+
+rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+
+transcript = { package = "flexible-transcript", path = "../../crypto/transcript", default-features = false, features = ["recommended"] }
+
+group = { version = "0.13", default-features = false }
+k256 = { version = "^0.13.1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "ecdsa", "arithmetic"] }
+frost = { package = "modular-frost", path = "../../crypto/frost", default-features = false, features = ["secp256k1"] }
+
+alloy-core = { version = "0.7", default-features = false }
+alloy-sol-types = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["json"] }
+alloy-consensus = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", rev = "037dd4b20ec8533d6b6d5cf5e9489bbb182c18c6", default-features = false, features = ["k256"] }
+alloy-rpc-types = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", rev = "037dd4b20ec8533d6b6d5cf5e9489bbb182c18c6", default-features = false }
+alloy-rpc-client = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", rev = "037dd4b20ec8533d6b6d5cf5e9489bbb182c18c6", default-features = false }
+alloy-simple-request-transport = { path = "./alloy-simple-request-transport", default-features = false }
+alloy-provider = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", rev = "037dd4b20ec8533d6b6d5cf5e9489bbb182c18c6", default-features = false }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+frost = { package = "modular-frost", path = "../../crypto/frost", default-features = false, features = ["tests"] }
+
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["macros"] }
+
+alloy-node-bindings = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", rev = "037dd4b20ec8533d6b6d5cf5e9489bbb182c18c6", default-features = false }
+
+[features]
+tests = []

coins/ethereum/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+AGPL-3.0-only license
+
+Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Luke Parker
+
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License Version 3 as
+published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

coins/ethereum/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Ethereum
+
+This package contains Ethereum-related functionality, specifically deploying and
+interacting with Serai contracts.
+
+While `monero-serai` and `bitcoin-serai` are general purpose libraries,
+`ethereum-serai` is Serai specific. If any of the utilities are generally
+desired, please fork and maintain your own copy to ensure the desired
+functionality is preserved, or open an issue to request we make this library
+general purpose.
+
+### Dependencies
+
+- solc
+- [Foundry](https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry)

coins/ethereum/alloy-simple-request-transport/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[package]
+name = "alloy-simple-request-transport"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "A transport for alloy based off simple-request"
+license = "MIT"
+repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/coins/ethereum/alloy-simple-request-transport"
+authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>"]
+edition = "2021"
+rust-version = "1.74"
+
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+all-features = true
+rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+tower = "0.4"
+
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false }
+simple-request = { path = "../../../common/request", default-features = false }
+
+alloy-json-rpc = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", rev = "037dd4b20ec8533d6b6d5cf5e9489bbb182c18c6", default-features = false }
+alloy-transport = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", rev = "037dd4b20ec8533d6b6d5cf5e9489bbb182c18c6", default-features = false }
+
+[features]
+default = ["tls"]
+tls = ["simple-request/tls"]

coins/ethereum/alloy-simple-request-transport/LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 MIT License
 
-Copyright (c) 2022 Luke Parker
+Copyright (c) 2024 Luke Parker
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

coins/ethereum/alloy-simple-request-transport/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Alloy Simple Request Transport
+
+A transport for alloy based on simple-request, a small HTTP client built around
+hyper.

coins/ethereum/alloy-simple-request-transport/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
+#![doc = include_str!("../README.md")]
+
+use core::task;
+use std::io;
+
+use alloy_json_rpc::{RequestPacket, ResponsePacket};
+use alloy_transport::{TransportError, TransportErrorKind, TransportFut};
+
+use simple_request::{hyper, Request, Client};
+
+use tower::Service;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct SimpleRequest {
+  client: Client,
+  url: String,
+}
+
+impl SimpleRequest {
+  pub fn new(url: String) -> Self {
+    Self { client: Client::with_connection_pool(), url }
+  }
+}
+
+impl Service<RequestPacket> for SimpleRequest {
+  type Response = ResponsePacket;
+  type Error = TransportError;
+  type Future = TransportFut<'static>;
+
+  #[inline]
+  fn poll_ready(&mut self, _cx: &mut task::Context<'_>) -> task::Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
+    task::Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
+  }
+
+  #[inline]
+  fn call(&mut self, req: RequestPacket) -> Self::Future {
+    let inner = self.clone();
+    Box::pin(async move {
+      let packet = req.serialize().map_err(TransportError::SerError)?;
+      let request = Request::from(
+        hyper::Request::post(&inner.url)
+          .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+          .body(serde_json::to_vec(&packet).map_err(TransportError::SerError)?.into())
+          .unwrap(),
+      );
+
+      let mut res = inner
+        .client
+        .request(request)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| TransportErrorKind::custom(io::Error::other(format!("{e:?}"))))?
+        .body()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| TransportErrorKind::custom(io::Error::other(format!("{e:?}"))))?;
+
+      serde_json::from_reader(&mut res).map_err(|e| TransportError::deser_err(e, ""))
+    })
+  }
+}

coins/ethereum/build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+use std::process::Command;
+
+fn main() {
+  println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=contracts/*");
+  println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=artifacts/*");
+
+  for line in String::from_utf8(Command::new("solc").args(["--version"]).output().unwrap().stdout)
+    .unwrap()
+    .lines()
+  {
+    if let Some(version) = line.strip_prefix("Version: ") {
+      let version = version.split('+').next().unwrap();
+      assert_eq!(version, "0.8.25");
+    }
+  }
+
+  #[rustfmt::skip]
+  let args = [
+    "--base-path", ".",
+    "-o", "./artifacts", "--overwrite",
+    "--bin", "--abi",
+    "--via-ir", "--optimize",
+
+    "./contracts/IERC20.sol",
+
+    "./contracts/Schnorr.sol",
+    "./contracts/Deployer.sol",
+    "./contracts/Sandbox.sol",
+    "./contracts/Router.sol",
+
+    "./src/tests/contracts/Schnorr.sol",
+    "./src/tests/contracts/ERC20.sol",
+
+    "--no-color",
+  ];
+  let solc = Command::new("solc").args(args).output().unwrap();
+  assert!(solc.status.success());
+  for line in String::from_utf8(solc.stderr).unwrap().lines() {
+    assert!(!line.starts_with("Error:"));
+  }
+}

coins/ethereum/contracts/Deployer.sol

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPLv3
+pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
+
+/*
+The expected deployment process of the Router is as follows:
+
+1) A transaction deploying Deployer is made. Then, a deterministic signature is
+   created such that an account with an unknown private key is the creator of
+   the contract. Anyone can fund this address, and once anyone does, the
+   transaction deploying Deployer can be published by anyone. No other
+   transaction may be made from that account.
+
+2) Anyone deploys the Router through the Deployer. This uses a sequential nonce
+   such that meet-in-the-middle attacks, with complexity 2**80, aren't feasible.
+   While such attacks would still be feasible if the Deployer's address was
+   controllable, the usage of a deterministic signature with a NUMS method
+   prevents that.
+
+This doesn't have any denial-of-service risks and will resolve once anyone steps
+forward as deployer. This does fail to guarantee an identical address across
+every chain, though it enables letting anyone efficiently ask the Deployer for
+the address (with the Deployer having an identical address on every chain).
+
+Unfortunately, guaranteeing identical addresses aren't feasible. We'd need the
+Deployer contract to use a consistent salt for the Router, yet the Router must
+be deployed with a specific public key for Serai. Since Ethereum isn't able to
+determine a valid public key (one the result of a Serai DKG) from a dishonest
+public key, we have to allow multiple deployments with Serai being the one to
+determine which to use.
+
+The alternative would be to have a council publish the Serai key on-Ethereum,
+with Serai verifying the published result. This would introduce a DoS risk in
+the council not publishing the correct key/not publishing any key.
+*/
+
+contract Deployer {
+  event Deployment(bytes32 indexed init_code_hash, address created);
+
+  error DeploymentFailed();
+
+  function deploy(bytes memory init_code) external {
+    address created;
+    assembly {
+      created := create(0, add(init_code, 0x20), mload(init_code))
+    }
+    if (created == address(0)) {
+      revert DeploymentFailed();
+    }
+    // These may be emitted out of order upon re-entrancy
+    emit Deployment(keccak256(init_code), created);
+  }
+}

coins/ethereum/contracts/IERC20.sol

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0
+pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
+
+interface IERC20 {
+  event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
+  event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
+
+  function name() external view returns (string memory);
+  function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
+  function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
+
+  function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
+
+  function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256);
+  function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
+  function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
+
+  function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
+  function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
+}

coins/ethereum/contracts/Router.sol

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPLv3
+pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
+
+import "./IERC20.sol";
+
+import "./Schnorr.sol";
+import "./Sandbox.sol";
+
+contract Router {
+  // Nonce is incremented for each batch of transactions executed/key update
+  uint256 public nonce;
+
+  // Current public key's x-coordinate
+  // This key must always have the parity defined within the Schnorr contract
+  bytes32 public seraiKey;
+
+  struct OutInstruction {
+    address to;
+    Call[] calls;
+
+    uint256 value;
+  }
+
+  struct Signature {
+    bytes32 c;
+    bytes32 s;
+  }
+
+  event SeraiKeyUpdated(
+    uint256 indexed nonce,
+    bytes32 indexed key,
+    Signature signature
+  );
+  event InInstruction(
+    address indexed from,
+    address indexed coin,
+    uint256 amount,
+    bytes instruction
+  );
+  // success is a uint256 representing a bitfield of transaction successes
+  event Executed(
+    uint256 indexed nonce,
+    bytes32 indexed batch,
+    uint256 success,
+    Signature signature
+  );
+
+  // error types
+  error InvalidKey();
+  error InvalidSignature();
+  error InvalidAmount();
+  error FailedTransfer();
+  error TooManyTransactions();
+
+  modifier _updateSeraiKeyAtEndOfFn(
+    uint256 _nonce,
+    bytes32 key,
+    Signature memory sig
+  ) {
+    if (
+      (key == bytes32(0)) ||
+      ((bytes32(uint256(key) % Schnorr.Q)) != key)
+    ) {
+      revert InvalidKey();
+    }
+
+    _;
+
+    seraiKey = key;
+    emit SeraiKeyUpdated(_nonce, key, sig);
+  }
+
+  constructor(bytes32 _seraiKey) _updateSeraiKeyAtEndOfFn(
+    0,
+    _seraiKey,
+    Signature({ c: bytes32(0), s: bytes32(0) })
+  ) {
+    nonce = 1;
+  }
+
+  // updateSeraiKey validates the given Schnorr signature against the current
+  // public key, and if successful, updates the contract's public key to the
+  // given one.
+  function updateSeraiKey(
+    bytes32 _seraiKey,
+    Signature calldata sig
+  ) external _updateSeraiKeyAtEndOfFn(nonce, _seraiKey, sig) {
+    bytes memory message =
+      abi.encodePacked("updateSeraiKey", block.chainid, nonce, _seraiKey);
+    nonce++;
+
+    if (!Schnorr.verify(seraiKey, message, sig.c, sig.s)) {
+      revert InvalidSignature();
+    }
+  }
+
+  function inInstruction(
+    address coin,
+    uint256 amount,
+    bytes memory instruction
+  ) external payable {
+    if (coin == address(0)) {
+      if (amount != msg.value) {
+        revert InvalidAmount();
+      }
+    } else {
+      (bool success, bytes memory res) =
+        address(coin).call(
+          abi.encodeWithSelector(
+            IERC20.transferFrom.selector,
+            msg.sender,
+            address(this),
+            amount
+          )
+        );
+
+      // Require there was nothing returned, which is done by some non-standard
+      // tokens, or that the ERC20 contract did in fact return true
+      bool nonStandardResOrTrue =
+        (res.length == 0) || abi.decode(res, (bool));
+      if (!(success && nonStandardResOrTrue)) {
+        revert FailedTransfer();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Due to fee-on-transfer tokens, emitting the amount directly is frowned upon.
+    The amount instructed to transfer may not actually be the amount
+    transferred.
+
+    If we add nonReentrant to every single function which can effect the
+    balance, we can check the amount exactly matches. This prevents transfers of
+    less value than expected occurring, at least, not without an additional
+    transfer to top up the difference (which isn't routed through this contract
+    and accordingly isn't trying to artificially create events).
+
+    If we don't add nonReentrant, a transfer can be started, and then a new
+    transfer for the difference can follow it up (again and again until a
+    rounding error is reached). This contract would believe all transfers were
+    done in full, despite each only being done in part (except for the last
+    one).
+
+    Given fee-on-transfer tokens aren't intended to be supported, the only
+    token planned to be supported is Dai and it doesn't have any fee-on-transfer
+    logic, fee-on-transfer tokens aren't even able to be supported at this time,
+    we simply classify this entire class of tokens as non-standard
+    implementations which induce undefined behavior. It is the Serai network's
+    role not to add support for any non-standard implementations.
+    */
+    emit InInstruction(msg.sender, coin, amount, instruction);
+  }
+
+  // execute accepts a list of transactions to execute as well as a signature.
+  // if signature verification passes, the given transactions are executed.
+  // if signature verification fails, this function will revert.
+  function execute(
+    OutInstruction[] calldata transactions,
+    Signature calldata sig
+  ) external {
+    if (transactions.length > 256) {
+      revert TooManyTransactions();
+    }
+
+    bytes memory message =
+      abi.encode("execute", block.chainid, nonce, transactions);
+    uint256 executed_with_nonce = nonce;
+    // This prevents re-entrancy from causing double spends yet does allow
+    // out-of-order execution via re-entrancy
+    nonce++;
+
+    if (!Schnorr.verify(seraiKey, message, sig.c, sig.s)) {
+      revert InvalidSignature();
+    }
+
+    uint256 successes;
+    for (uint256 i = 0; i < transactions.length; i++) {
+      bool success;
+
+      // If there are no calls, send to `to` the value
+      if (transactions[i].calls.length == 0) {
+        (success, ) = transactions[i].to.call{
+          value: transactions[i].value,
+          gas: 5_000
+        }("");
+      } else {
+        // If there are calls, ignore `to`. Deploy a new Sandbox and proxy the
+        // calls through that
+        //
+        // We could use a single sandbox in order to reduce gas costs, yet that
+        // risks one person creating an approval that's hooked before another
+        // user's intended action executes, in order to drain their coins
+        //
+        // While technically, that would be a flaw in the sandboxed flow, this
+        // is robust and prevents such flaws from being possible
+        //
+        // We also don't want people to set state via the Sandbox and expect it
+        // future available when anyone else could set a distinct value
+        Sandbox sandbox = new Sandbox();
+        (success, ) = address(sandbox).call{
+          value: transactions[i].value,
+          // TODO: Have the Call specify the gas up front
+          gas: 350_000
+        }(
+          abi.encodeWithSelector(
+            Sandbox.sandbox.selector,
+            transactions[i].calls
+          )
+        );
+      }
+
+      assembly {
+        successes := or(successes, shl(i, success))
+      }
+    }
+    emit Executed(
+      executed_with_nonce,
+      keccak256(message),
+      successes,
+      sig
+    );
+  }
+}

coins/ethereum/contracts/Sandbox.sol

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPLv3
+pragma solidity ^0.8.24;
+
+struct Call {
+  address to;
+  uint256 value;
+  bytes data;
+}
+
+// A minimal sandbox focused on gas efficiency.
+//
+// The first call is executed if any of the calls fail, making it a fallback.
+// All other calls are executed sequentially.
+contract Sandbox {
+  error AlreadyCalled();
+  error CallsFailed();
+
+  function sandbox(Call[] calldata calls) external payable {
+    // Prevent re-entrancy due to this executing arbitrary calls from anyone
+    // and anywhere
+    bool called;
+    assembly { called := tload(0) }
+    if (called) {
+      revert AlreadyCalled();
+    }
+    assembly { tstore(0, 1) }
+
+    // Execute the calls, starting from 1
+    for (uint256 i = 1; i < calls.length; i++) {
+      (bool success, ) =
+        calls[i].to.call{ value: calls[i].value }(calls[i].data);
+
+      // If this call failed, execute the fallback (call 0)
+      if (!success) {
+        (success, ) =
+          calls[0].to.call{ value: address(this).balance }(calls[0].data);
+        // If this call also failed, revert entirely
+        if (!success) {
+          revert CallsFailed();
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // We don't clear the re-entrancy guard as this contract should never be
+    // called again, so there's no reason to spend the effort
+  }
+}

coins/ethereum/contracts/Schnorr.sol

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPLv3
+pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
+
+// see https://github.com/noot/schnorr-verify for implementation details
+library Schnorr {
+  // secp256k1 group order
+  uint256 constant public Q =
+    0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141;
+
+  // Fixed parity for the public keys used in this contract
+  // This avoids spending a word passing the parity in a similar style to
+  // Bitcoin's Taproot
+  uint8 constant public KEY_PARITY = 27;
+
+  error InvalidSOrA();
+  error MalformedSignature();
+
+  // px := public key x-coord, where the public key has a parity of KEY_PARITY
+  // message := 32-byte hash of the message
+  // c := schnorr signature challenge
+  // s := schnorr signature
+  function verify(
+    bytes32 px,
+    bytes memory message,
+    bytes32 c,
+    bytes32 s
+  ) internal pure returns (bool) {
+    // ecrecover = (m, v, r, s) -> key
+    // We instead pass the following to obtain the nonce (not the key)
+    // Then we hash it and verify it matches the challenge
+    bytes32 sa = bytes32(Q - mulmod(uint256(s), uint256(px), Q));
+    bytes32 ca = bytes32(Q - mulmod(uint256(c), uint256(px), Q));
+
+    // For safety, we want each input to ecrecover to be 0 (sa, px, ca)
+    // The ecreover precomple checks `r` and `s` (`px` and `ca`) are non-zero
+    // That leaves us to check `sa` are non-zero
+    if (sa == 0) revert InvalidSOrA();
+    address R = ecrecover(sa, KEY_PARITY, px, ca);
+    if (R == address(0)) revert MalformedSignature();
+
+    // Check the signature is correct by rebuilding the challenge
+    return c == keccak256(abi.encodePacked(R, px, message));
+  }
+}

coins/ethereum/src/abi/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+use alloy_sol_types::sol;
+
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+#[allow(warnings)]
+#[allow(needless_pass_by_value)]
+#[allow(clippy::all)]
+#[allow(clippy::ignored_unit_patterns)]
+#[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_for_method_calls)]
+mod erc20_container {
+  use super::*;
+  sol!("contracts/IERC20.sol");
+}
+pub use erc20_container::IERC20 as erc20;
+
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+#[allow(warnings)]
+#[allow(needless_pass_by_value)]
+#[allow(clippy::all)]
+#[allow(clippy::ignored_unit_patterns)]
+#[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_for_method_calls)]
+mod deployer_container {
+  use super::*;
+  sol!("contracts/Deployer.sol");
+}
+pub use deployer_container::Deployer as deployer;
+
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+#[allow(warnings)]
+#[allow(needless_pass_by_value)]
+#[allow(clippy::all)]
+#[allow(clippy::ignored_unit_patterns)]
+#[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_for_method_calls)]
+mod router_container {
+  use super::*;
+  sol!(Router, "artifacts/Router.abi");
+}
+pub use router_container::Router as router;

coins/ethereum/src/crypto.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+use group::ff::PrimeField;
+use k256::{
+  elliptic_curve::{ops::Reduce, point::AffineCoordinates, sec1::ToEncodedPoint},
+  ProjectivePoint, Scalar, U256 as KU256,
+};
+#[cfg(test)]
+use k256::{elliptic_curve::point::DecompressPoint, AffinePoint};
+
+use frost::{
+  algorithm::{Hram, SchnorrSignature},
+  curve::{Ciphersuite, Secp256k1},
+};
+
+use alloy_core::primitives::{Parity, Signature as AlloySignature};
+use alloy_consensus::{SignableTransaction, Signed, TxLegacy};
+
+use crate::abi::router::{Signature as AbiSignature};
+
+pub(crate) fn keccak256(data: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {
+  alloy_core::primitives::keccak256(data).into()
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn hash_to_scalar(data: &[u8]) -> Scalar {
+  <Scalar as Reduce<KU256>>::reduce_bytes(&keccak256(data).into())
+}
+
+pub fn address(point: &ProjectivePoint) -> [u8; 20] {
+  let encoded_point = point.to_encoded_point(false);
+  // Last 20 bytes of the hash of the concatenated x and y coordinates
+  // We obtain the concatenated x and y coordinates via the uncompressed encoding of the point
+  keccak256(&encoded_point.as_ref()[1 .. 65])[12 ..].try_into().unwrap()
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn deterministically_sign(tx: &TxLegacy) -> Signed<TxLegacy> {
+  assert!(
+    tx.chain_id.is_none(),
+    "chain ID was Some when deterministically signing a TX (causing a non-deterministic signer)"
+  );
+
+  let sig_hash = tx.signature_hash().0;
+  let mut r = hash_to_scalar(&[sig_hash.as_slice(), b"r"].concat());
+  let mut s = hash_to_scalar(&[sig_hash.as_slice(), b"s"].concat());
+  loop {
+    let r_bytes: [u8; 32] = r.to_repr().into();
+    let s_bytes: [u8; 32] = s.to_repr().into();
+    let v = Parity::NonEip155(false);
+    let signature =
+      AlloySignature::from_scalars_and_parity(r_bytes.into(), s_bytes.into(), v).unwrap();
+    let tx = tx.clone().into_signed(signature);
+    if tx.recover_signer().is_ok() {
+      return tx;
+    }
+
+    // Re-hash until valid
+    r = hash_to_scalar(r_bytes.as_ref());
+    s = hash_to_scalar(s_bytes.as_ref());
+  }
+}
+
+/// The public key for a Schnorr-signing account.
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub struct PublicKey {
+  pub(crate) A: ProjectivePoint,
+  pub(crate) px: Scalar,
+}
+
+impl PublicKey {
+  /// Construct a new `PublicKey`.
+  ///
+  /// This will return None if the provided point isn't eligible to be a public key (due to
+  /// bounds such as parity).
+  #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+  pub fn new(A: ProjectivePoint) -> Option<PublicKey> {
+    let affine = A.to_affine();
+    // Only allow even keys to save a word within Ethereum
+    let is_odd = bool::from(affine.y_is_odd());
+    if is_odd {
+      None?;
+    }
+
+    let x_coord = affine.x();
+    let x_coord_scalar = <Scalar as Reduce<KU256>>::reduce_bytes(&x_coord);
+    // Return None if a reduction would occur
+    // Reductions would be incredibly unlikely and shouldn't be an issue, yet it's one less
+    // headache/concern to have
+    // This does ban a trivial amoount of public keys
+    if x_coord_scalar.to_repr() != x_coord {
+      None?;
+    }
+
+    Some(PublicKey { A, px: x_coord_scalar })
+  }
+
+  pub fn point(&self) -> ProjectivePoint {
+    self.A
+  }
+
+  pub(crate) fn eth_repr(&self) -> [u8; 32] {
+    self.px.to_repr().into()
+  }
+
+  #[cfg(test)]
+  pub(crate) fn from_eth_repr(repr: [u8; 32]) -> Option<Self> {
+    #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+    let A = Option::<AffinePoint>::from(AffinePoint::decompress(&repr.into(), 0.into()))?.into();
+    Option::from(Scalar::from_repr(repr.into())).map(|px| PublicKey { A, px })
+  }
+}
+
+/// The HRAm to use for the Schnorr contract.
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+pub struct EthereumHram {}
+impl Hram<Secp256k1> for EthereumHram {
+  #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+  fn hram(R: &ProjectivePoint, A: &ProjectivePoint, m: &[u8]) -> Scalar {
+    let x_coord = A.to_affine().x();
+
+    let mut data = address(R).to_vec();
+    data.extend(x_coord.as_slice());
+    data.extend(m);
+
+    <Scalar as Reduce<KU256>>::reduce_bytes(&keccak256(&data).into())
+  }
+}
+
+/// A signature for the Schnorr contract.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub struct Signature {
+  pub(crate) c: Scalar,
+  pub(crate) s: Scalar,
+}
+impl Signature {
+  pub fn verify(&self, public_key: &PublicKey, message: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+    let R = (Secp256k1::generator() * self.s) - (public_key.A * self.c);
+    EthereumHram::hram(&R, &public_key.A, message) == self.c
+  }
+
+  /// Construct a new `Signature`.
+  ///
+  /// This will return None if the signature is invalid.
+  pub fn new(
+    public_key: &PublicKey,
+    message: &[u8],
+    signature: SchnorrSignature<Secp256k1>,
+  ) -> Option<Signature> {
+    let c = EthereumHram::hram(&signature.R, &public_key.A, message);
+    if !signature.verify(public_key.A, c) {
+      None?;
+    }
+
+    let res = Signature { c, s: signature.s };
+    assert!(res.verify(public_key, message));
+    Some(res)
+  }
+
+  pub fn c(&self) -> Scalar {
+    self.c
+  }
+  pub fn s(&self) -> Scalar {
+    self.s
+  }
+
+  pub fn to_bytes(&self) -> [u8; 64] {
+    let mut res = [0; 64];
+    res[.. 32].copy_from_slice(self.c.to_repr().as_ref());
+    res[32 ..].copy_from_slice(self.s.to_repr().as_ref());
+    res
+  }
+
+  pub fn from_bytes(bytes: [u8; 64]) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
+    let mut reader = bytes.as_slice();
+    let c = Secp256k1::read_F(&mut reader)?;
+    let s = Secp256k1::read_F(&mut reader)?;
+    Ok(Signature { c, s })
+  }
+}
+impl From<&Signature> for AbiSignature {
+  fn from(sig: &Signature) -> AbiSignature {
+    let c: [u8; 32] = sig.c.to_repr().into();
+    let s: [u8; 32] = sig.s.to_repr().into();
+    AbiSignature { c: c.into(), s: s.into() }
+  }
+}

coins/ethereum/src/deployer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use alloy_core::primitives::{hex::FromHex, Address, B256, U256, Bytes, TxKind};
+use alloy_consensus::{Signed, TxLegacy};
+
+use alloy_sol_types::{SolCall, SolEvent};
+
+use alloy_rpc_types::{BlockNumberOrTag, Filter};
+use alloy_simple_request_transport::SimpleRequest;
+use alloy_provider::{Provider, RootProvider};
+
+use crate::{
+  Error,
+  crypto::{self, keccak256, PublicKey},
+  router::Router,
+};
+pub use crate::abi::deployer as abi;
+
+/// The Deployer contract for the Router contract.
+///
+/// This Deployer has a deterministic address, letting it be immediately identified on any
+/// compatible chain. It then supports retrieving the Router contract's address (which isn't
+/// deterministic) using a single log query.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Deployer;
+impl Deployer {
+  /// Obtain the transaction to deploy this contract, already signed.
+  ///
+  /// The account this transaction is sent from (which is populated in `from`) must be sufficiently
+  /// funded for this transaction to be submitted. This account has no known private key to anyone,
+  /// so ETH sent can be neither misappropriated nor returned.
+  pub fn deployment_tx() -> Signed<TxLegacy> {
+    let bytecode = include_str!("../artifacts/Deployer.bin");
+    let bytecode =
+      Bytes::from_hex(bytecode).expect("compiled-in Deployer bytecode wasn't valid hex");
+
+    let tx = TxLegacy {
+      chain_id: None,
+      nonce: 0,
+      gas_price: 100_000_000_000u128,
+      // TODO: Use a more accurate gas limit
+      gas_limit: 1_000_000u128,
+      to: TxKind::Create,
+      value: U256::ZERO,
+      input: bytecode,
+    };
+
+    crypto::deterministically_sign(&tx)
+  }
+
+  /// Obtain the deterministic address for this contract.
+  pub fn address() -> [u8; 20] {
+    let deployer_deployer =
+      Self::deployment_tx().recover_signer().expect("deployment_tx didn't have a valid signature");
+    **Address::create(&deployer_deployer, 0)
+  }
+
+  /// Construct a new view of the `Deployer`.
+  pub async fn new(provider: Arc<RootProvider<SimpleRequest>>) -> Result<Option<Self>, Error> {
+    let address = Self::address();
+    #[cfg(not(test))]
+    let required_block = BlockNumberOrTag::Finalized;
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    let required_block = BlockNumberOrTag::Latest;
+    let code = provider
+      .get_code_at(address.into(), required_block.into())
+      .await
+      .map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?;
+    // Contract has yet to be deployed
+    if code.is_empty() {
+      return Ok(None);
+    }
+    Ok(Some(Self))
+  }
+
+  /// Yield the `ContractCall` necessary to deploy the Router.
+  pub fn deploy_router(&self, key: &PublicKey) -> TxLegacy {
+    TxLegacy {
+      to: TxKind::Call(Self::address().into()),
+      input: abi::deployCall::new((Router::init_code(key).into(),)).abi_encode().into(),
+      gas_limit: 1_000_000,
+      ..Default::default()
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Find the first Router deployed with the specified key as its first key.
+  ///
+  /// This is the Router Serai will use, and is the only way to construct a `Router`.
+  pub async fn find_router(
+    &self,
+    provider: Arc<RootProvider<SimpleRequest>>,
+    key: &PublicKey,
+  ) -> Result<Option<Router>, Error> {
+    let init_code = Router::init_code(key);
+    let init_code_hash = keccak256(&init_code);
+
+    #[cfg(not(test))]
+    let to_block = BlockNumberOrTag::Finalized;
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    let to_block = BlockNumberOrTag::Latest;
+
+    // Find the first log using this init code (where the init code is binding to the key)
+    let filter =
+      Filter::new().from_block(0).to_block(to_block).address(Address::from(Self::address()));
+    let filter = filter.event_signature(abi::Deployment::SIGNATURE_HASH);
+    let filter = filter.topic1(B256::from(init_code_hash));
+    let logs = provider.get_logs(&filter).await.map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?;
+
+    let Some(first_log) = logs.first() else { return Ok(None) };
+    let router = first_log
+      .log_decode::<abi::Deployment>()
+      .map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?
+      .inner
+      .data
+      .created;
+
+    Ok(Some(Router::new(provider, router)))
+  }
+}

coins/ethereum/src/erc20.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+use std::{sync::Arc, collections::HashSet};
+
+use alloy_core::primitives::{Address, B256, U256};
+
+use alloy_sol_types::{SolInterface, SolEvent};
+
+use alloy_rpc_types::{BlockNumberOrTag, Filter};
+use alloy_simple_request_transport::SimpleRequest;
+use alloy_provider::{Provider, RootProvider};
+
+use crate::Error;
+pub use crate::abi::erc20 as abi;
+use abi::{IERC20Calls, Transfer, transferCall, transferFromCall};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct TopLevelErc20Transfer {
+  pub id: [u8; 32],
+  pub from: [u8; 20],
+  pub amount: U256,
+  pub data: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+/// A view for an ERC20 contract.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct ERC20(Arc<RootProvider<SimpleRequest>>, Address);
+impl ERC20 {
+  /// Construct a new view of the specified ERC20 contract.
+  ///
+  /// This checks a contract is deployed at that address yet does not check the contract is
+  /// actually an ERC20.
+  pub async fn new(
+    provider: Arc<RootProvider<SimpleRequest>>,
+    address: [u8; 20],
+  ) -> Result<Option<Self>, Error> {
+    let code = provider
+      .get_code_at(address.into(), BlockNumberOrTag::Finalized.into())
+      .await
+      .map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?;
+    // Contract has yet to be deployed
+    if code.is_empty() {
+      return Ok(None);
+    }
+    Ok(Some(Self(provider.clone(), Address::from(&address))))
+  }
+
+  pub async fn top_level_transfers(
+    &self,
+    block: u64,
+    to: [u8; 20],
+  ) -> Result<Vec<TopLevelErc20Transfer>, Error> {
+    let filter = Filter::new().from_block(block).to_block(block).address(self.1);
+    let filter = filter.event_signature(Transfer::SIGNATURE_HASH);
+    let mut to_topic = [0; 32];
+    to_topic[12 ..].copy_from_slice(&to);
+    let filter = filter.topic2(B256::from(to_topic));
+    let logs = self.0.get_logs(&filter).await.map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?;
+
+    let mut handled = HashSet::new();
+
+    let mut top_level_transfers = vec![];
+    for log in logs {
+      // Double check the address which emitted this log
+      if log.address() != self.1 {
+        Err(Error::ConnectionError)?;
+      }
+
+      let tx_id = log.transaction_hash.ok_or(Error::ConnectionError)?;
+      let tx = self.0.get_transaction_by_hash(tx_id).await.map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?;
+
+      // If this is a top-level call...
+      if tx.to == Some(self.1) {
+        // And we recognize the call...
+        // Don't validate the encoding as this can't be re-encoded to an identical bytestring due
+        // to the InInstruction appended
+        if let Ok(call) = IERC20Calls::abi_decode(&tx.input, false) {
+          // Extract the top-level call's from/to/value
+          let (from, call_to, value) = match call {
+            IERC20Calls::transfer(transferCall { to: call_to, value }) => (tx.from, call_to, value),
+            IERC20Calls::transferFrom(transferFromCall { from, to: call_to, value }) => {
+              (from, call_to, value)
+            }
+            // Treat any other function selectors as unrecognized
+            _ => continue,
+          };
+
+          let log = log.log_decode::<Transfer>().map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?.inner.data;
+
+          // Ensure the top-level transfer is equivalent, and this presumably isn't a log for an
+          // internal transfer
+          if (log.from != from) || (call_to != to) || (value != log.value) {
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          // Now that the top-level transfer is confirmed to be equivalent to the log, ensure it's
+          // the only log we handle
+          if handled.contains(&tx_id) {
+            continue;
+          }
+          handled.insert(tx_id);
+
+          // Read the data appended after
+          let encoded = call.abi_encode();
+          let data = tx.input.as_ref()[encoded.len() ..].to_vec();
+
+          // Push the transfer
+          top_level_transfers.push(TopLevelErc20Transfer {
+            // Since we'll only handle one log for this TX, set the ID to the TX ID
+            id: *tx_id,
+            from: *log.from.0,
+            amount: log.value,
+            data,
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    Ok(top_level_transfers)
+  }
+}

coins/ethereum/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+pub use alloy_core;
+pub use alloy_consensus;
+
+pub use alloy_rpc_types;
+pub use alloy_simple_request_transport;
+pub use alloy_rpc_client;
+pub use alloy_provider;
+
+pub mod crypto;
+
+pub(crate) mod abi;
+
+pub mod erc20;
+pub mod deployer;
+pub mod router;
+
+pub mod machine;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Error)]
+pub enum Error {
+  #[error("failed to verify Schnorr signature")]
+  InvalidSignature,
+  #[error("couldn't make call/send TX")]
+  ConnectionError,
+}

coins/ethereum/src/machine.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+use std::{
+  io::{self, Read},
+  collections::HashMap,
+};
+
+use rand_core::{RngCore, CryptoRng};
+
+use transcript::{Transcript, RecommendedTranscript};
+
+use group::GroupEncoding;
+use frost::{
+  curve::{Ciphersuite, Secp256k1},
+  Participant, ThresholdKeys, FrostError,
+  algorithm::Schnorr,
+  sign::*,
+};
+
+use alloy_core::primitives::U256;
+
+use crate::{
+  crypto::{PublicKey, EthereumHram, Signature},
+  router::{
+    abi::{Call as AbiCall, OutInstruction as AbiOutInstruction},
+    Router,
+  },
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub struct Call {
+  pub to: [u8; 20],
+  pub value: U256,
+  pub data: Vec<u8>,
+}
+impl Call {
+  pub fn read<R: io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> io::Result<Self> {
+    let mut to = [0; 20];
+    reader.read_exact(&mut to)?;
+
+    let value = {
+      let mut value_bytes = [0; 32];
+      reader.read_exact(&mut value_bytes)?;
+      U256::from_le_slice(&value_bytes)
+    };
+
+    let mut data_len = {
+      let mut data_len = [0; 4];
+      reader.read_exact(&mut data_len)?;
+      usize::try_from(u32::from_le_bytes(data_len)).expect("u32 couldn't fit within a usize")
+    };
+
+    // A valid DoS would be to claim a 4 GB data is present for only 4 bytes
+    // We read this in 1 KB chunks to only read data actually present (with a max DoS of 1 KB)
+    let mut data = vec![];
+    while data_len > 0 {
+      let chunk_len = data_len.min(1024);
+      let mut chunk = vec![0; chunk_len];
+      reader.read_exact(&mut chunk)?;
+      data.extend(&chunk);
+      data_len -= chunk_len;
+    }
+
+    Ok(Call { to, value, data })
+  }
+
+  fn write<W: io::Write>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> {
+    writer.write_all(&self.to)?;
+    writer.write_all(&self.value.as_le_bytes())?;
+
+    let data_len = u32::try_from(self.data.len())
+      .map_err(|_| io::Error::other("call data length exceeded 2**32"))?;
+    writer.write_all(&data_len.to_le_bytes())?;
+    writer.write_all(&self.data)
+  }
+}
+impl From<Call> for AbiCall {
+  fn from(call: Call) -> AbiCall {
+    AbiCall { to: call.to.into(), value: call.value, data: call.data.into() }
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub enum OutInstructionTarget {
+  Direct([u8; 20]),
+  Calls(Vec<Call>),
+}
+impl OutInstructionTarget {
+  fn read<R: io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> io::Result<Self> {
+    let mut kind = [0xff];
+    reader.read_exact(&mut kind)?;
+
+    match kind[0] {
+      0 => {
+        let mut addr = [0; 20];
+        reader.read_exact(&mut addr)?;
+        Ok(OutInstructionTarget::Direct(addr))
+      }
+      1 => {
+        let mut calls_len = [0; 4];
+        reader.read_exact(&mut calls_len)?;
+        let calls_len = u32::from_le_bytes(calls_len);
+
+        let mut calls = vec![];
+        for _ in 0 .. calls_len {
+          calls.push(Call::read(reader)?);
+        }
+        Ok(OutInstructionTarget::Calls(calls))
+      }
+      _ => Err(io::Error::other("unrecognized OutInstructionTarget"))?,
+    }
+  }
+
+  fn write<W: io::Write>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> {
+    match self {
+      OutInstructionTarget::Direct(addr) => {
+        writer.write_all(&[0])?;
+        writer.write_all(addr)?;
+      }
+      OutInstructionTarget::Calls(calls) => {
+        writer.write_all(&[1])?;
+        let call_len = u32::try_from(calls.len())
+          .map_err(|_| io::Error::other("amount of calls exceeded 2**32"))?;
+        writer.write_all(&call_len.to_le_bytes())?;
+        for call in calls {
+          call.write(writer)?;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub struct OutInstruction {
+  pub target: OutInstructionTarget,
+  pub value: U256,
+}
+impl OutInstruction {
+  fn read<R: io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> io::Result<Self> {
+    let target = OutInstructionTarget::read(reader)?;
+
+    let value = {
+      let mut value_bytes = [0; 32];
+      reader.read_exact(&mut value_bytes)?;
+      U256::from_le_slice(&value_bytes)
+    };
+
+    Ok(OutInstruction { target, value })
+  }
+  fn write<W: io::Write>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> {
+    self.target.write(writer)?;
+    writer.write_all(&self.value.as_le_bytes())
+  }
+}
+impl From<OutInstruction> for AbiOutInstruction {
+  fn from(instruction: OutInstruction) -> AbiOutInstruction {
+    match instruction.target {
+      OutInstructionTarget::Direct(addr) => {
+        AbiOutInstruction { to: addr.into(), calls: vec![], value: instruction.value }
+      }
+      OutInstructionTarget::Calls(calls) => AbiOutInstruction {
+        to: [0; 20].into(),
+        calls: calls.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect(),
+        value: instruction.value,
+      },
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub enum RouterCommand {
+  UpdateSeraiKey { chain_id: U256, nonce: U256, key: PublicKey },
+  Execute { chain_id: U256, nonce: U256, outs: Vec<OutInstruction> },
+}
+
+impl RouterCommand {
+  pub fn msg(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+    match self {
+      RouterCommand::UpdateSeraiKey { chain_id, nonce, key } => {
+        Router::update_serai_key_message(*chain_id, *nonce, key)
+      }
+      RouterCommand::Execute { chain_id, nonce, outs } => Router::execute_message(
+        *chain_id,
+        *nonce,
+        outs.iter().map(|out| out.clone().into()).collect(),
+      ),
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn read<R: io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> io::Result<Self> {
+    let mut kind = [0xff];
+    reader.read_exact(&mut kind)?;
+
+    match kind[0] {
+      0 => {
+        let mut chain_id = [0; 32];
+        reader.read_exact(&mut chain_id)?;
+
+        let mut nonce = [0; 32];
+        reader.read_exact(&mut nonce)?;
+
+        let key = PublicKey::new(Secp256k1::read_G(reader)?)
+          .ok_or(io::Error::other("key for RouterCommand doesn't have an eth representation"))?;
+        Ok(RouterCommand::UpdateSeraiKey {
+          chain_id: U256::from_le_slice(&chain_id),
+          nonce: U256::from_le_slice(&nonce),
+          key,
+        })
+      }
+      1 => {
+        let mut chain_id = [0; 32];
+        reader.read_exact(&mut chain_id)?;
+        let chain_id = U256::from_le_slice(&chain_id);
+
+        let mut nonce = [0; 32];
+        reader.read_exact(&mut nonce)?;
+        let nonce = U256::from_le_slice(&nonce);
+
+        let mut outs_len = [0; 4];
+        reader.read_exact(&mut outs_len)?;
+        let outs_len = u32::from_le_bytes(outs_len);
+
+        let mut outs = vec![];
+        for _ in 0 .. outs_len {
+          outs.push(OutInstruction::read(reader)?);
+        }
+
+        Ok(RouterCommand::Execute { chain_id, nonce, outs })
+      }
+      _ => Err(io::Error::other("reading unknown type of RouterCommand"))?,
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn write<W: io::Write>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> {
+    match self {
+      RouterCommand::UpdateSeraiKey { chain_id, nonce, key } => {
+        writer.write_all(&[0])?;
+        writer.write_all(&chain_id.as_le_bytes())?;
+        writer.write_all(&nonce.as_le_bytes())?;
+        writer.write_all(&key.A.to_bytes())
+      }
+      RouterCommand::Execute { chain_id, nonce, outs } => {
+        writer.write_all(&[1])?;
+        writer.write_all(&chain_id.as_le_bytes())?;
+        writer.write_all(&nonce.as_le_bytes())?;
+        writer.write_all(&u32::try_from(outs.len()).unwrap().to_le_bytes())?;
+        for out in outs {
+          out.write(writer)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn serialize(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut res = vec![];
+    self.write(&mut res).unwrap();
+    res
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub struct SignedRouterCommand {
+  command: RouterCommand,
+  signature: Signature,
+}
+
+impl SignedRouterCommand {
+  pub fn new(key: &PublicKey, command: RouterCommand, signature: &[u8; 64]) -> Option<Self> {
+    let c = Secp256k1::read_F(&mut &signature[.. 32]).ok()?;
+    let s = Secp256k1::read_F(&mut &signature[32 ..]).ok()?;
+    let signature = Signature { c, s };
+
+    if !signature.verify(key, &command.msg()) {
+      None?
+    }
+    Some(SignedRouterCommand { command, signature })
+  }
+
+  pub fn command(&self) -> &RouterCommand {
+    &self.command
+  }
+
+  pub fn signature(&self) -> &Signature {
+    &self.signature
+  }
+
+  pub fn read<R: io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> io::Result<Self> {
+    let command = RouterCommand::read(reader)?;
+
+    let mut sig = [0; 64];
+    reader.read_exact(&mut sig)?;
+    let signature = Signature::from_bytes(sig)?;
+
+    Ok(SignedRouterCommand { command, signature })
+  }
+
+  pub fn write<W: io::Write>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> {
+    self.command.write(writer)?;
+    writer.write_all(&self.signature.to_bytes())
+  }
+}
+
+pub struct RouterCommandMachine {
+  key: PublicKey,
+  command: RouterCommand,
+  machine: AlgorithmMachine<Secp256k1, Schnorr<Secp256k1, RecommendedTranscript, EthereumHram>>,
+}
+
+impl RouterCommandMachine {
+  pub fn new(keys: ThresholdKeys<Secp256k1>, command: RouterCommand) -> Option<Self> {
+    // The Schnorr algorithm should be fine without this, even when using the IETF variant
+    // If this is better and more comprehensive, we should do it, even if not necessary
+    let mut transcript = RecommendedTranscript::new(b"ethereum-serai RouterCommandMachine v0.1");
+    let key = keys.group_key();
+    transcript.append_message(b"key", key.to_bytes());
+    transcript.append_message(b"command", command.serialize());
+
+    Some(Self {
+      key: PublicKey::new(key)?,
+      command,
+      machine: AlgorithmMachine::new(Schnorr::new(transcript), keys),
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+impl PreprocessMachine for RouterCommandMachine {
+  type Preprocess = Preprocess<Secp256k1, ()>;
+  type Signature = SignedRouterCommand;
+  type SignMachine = RouterCommandSignMachine;
+
+  fn preprocess<R: RngCore + CryptoRng>(
+    self,
+    rng: &mut R,
+  ) -> (Self::SignMachine, Self::Preprocess) {
+    let (machine, preprocess) = self.machine.preprocess(rng);
+
+    (RouterCommandSignMachine { key: self.key, command: self.command, machine }, preprocess)
+  }
+}
+
+pub struct RouterCommandSignMachine {
+  key: PublicKey,
+  command: RouterCommand,
+  machine: AlgorithmSignMachine<Secp256k1, Schnorr<Secp256k1, RecommendedTranscript, EthereumHram>>,
+}
+
+impl SignMachine<SignedRouterCommand> for RouterCommandSignMachine {
+  type Params = ();
+  type Keys = ThresholdKeys<Secp256k1>;
+  type Preprocess = Preprocess<Secp256k1, ()>;
+  type SignatureShare = SignatureShare<Secp256k1>;
+  type SignatureMachine = RouterCommandSignatureMachine;
+
+  fn cache(self) -> CachedPreprocess {
+    unimplemented!(
+      "RouterCommand machines don't support caching their preprocesses due to {}",
+      "being already bound to a specific command"
+    );
+  }
+
+  fn from_cache(
+    (): (),
+    _: ThresholdKeys<Secp256k1>,
+    _: CachedPreprocess,
+  ) -> (Self, Self::Preprocess) {
+    unimplemented!(
+      "RouterCommand machines don't support caching their preprocesses due to {}",
+      "being already bound to a specific command"
+    );
+  }
+
+  fn read_preprocess<R: Read>(&self, reader: &mut R) -> io::Result<Self::Preprocess> {
+    self.machine.read_preprocess(reader)
+  }
+
+  fn sign(
+    self,
+    commitments: HashMap<Participant, Self::Preprocess>,
+    msg: &[u8],
+  ) -> Result<(RouterCommandSignatureMachine, Self::SignatureShare), FrostError> {
+    if !msg.is_empty() {
+      panic!("message was passed to a RouterCommand machine when it generates its own");
+    }
+
+    let (machine, share) = self.machine.sign(commitments, &self.command.msg())?;
+
+    Ok((RouterCommandSignatureMachine { key: self.key, command: self.command, machine }, share))
+  }
+}
+
+pub struct RouterCommandSignatureMachine {
+  key: PublicKey,
+  command: RouterCommand,
+  machine:
+    AlgorithmSignatureMachine<Secp256k1, Schnorr<Secp256k1, RecommendedTranscript, EthereumHram>>,
+}
+
+impl SignatureMachine<SignedRouterCommand> for RouterCommandSignatureMachine {
+  type SignatureShare = SignatureShare<Secp256k1>;
+
+  fn read_share<R: Read>(&self, reader: &mut R) -> io::Result<Self::SignatureShare> {
+    self.machine.read_share(reader)
+  }
+
+  fn complete(
+    self,
+    shares: HashMap<Participant, Self::SignatureShare>,
+  ) -> Result<SignedRouterCommand, FrostError> {
+    let sig = self.machine.complete(shares)?;
+    let signature = Signature::new(&self.key, &self.command.msg(), sig)
+      .expect("machine produced an invalid signature");
+    Ok(SignedRouterCommand { command: self.command, signature })
+  }
+}

coins/ethereum/src/router.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+use std::{sync::Arc, io, collections::HashSet};
+
+use k256::{
+  elliptic_curve::{group::GroupEncoding, sec1},
+  ProjectivePoint,
+};
+
+use alloy_core::primitives::{hex::FromHex, Address, U256, Bytes, TxKind};
+#[cfg(test)]
+use alloy_core::primitives::B256;
+use alloy_consensus::TxLegacy;
+
+use alloy_sol_types::{SolValue, SolConstructor, SolCall, SolEvent};
+
+use alloy_rpc_types::Filter;
+#[cfg(test)]
+use alloy_rpc_types::{BlockId, TransactionRequest, TransactionInput};
+use alloy_simple_request_transport::SimpleRequest;
+use alloy_provider::{Provider, RootProvider};
+
+pub use crate::{
+  Error,
+  crypto::{PublicKey, Signature},
+  abi::{erc20::Transfer, router as abi},
+};
+use abi::{SeraiKeyUpdated, InInstruction as InInstructionEvent, Executed as ExecutedEvent};
+
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub enum Coin {
+  Ether,
+  Erc20([u8; 20]),
+}
+
+impl Coin {
+  pub fn read<R: io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> io::Result<Self> {
+    let mut kind = [0xff];
+    reader.read_exact(&mut kind)?;
+    Ok(match kind[0] {
+      0 => Coin::Ether,
+      1 => {
+        let mut address = [0; 20];
+        reader.read_exact(&mut address)?;
+        Coin::Erc20(address)
+      }
+      _ => Err(io::Error::other("unrecognized Coin type"))?,
+    })
+  }
+
+  pub fn write<W: io::Write>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> {
+    match self {
+      Coin::Ether => writer.write_all(&[0]),
+      Coin::Erc20(token) => {
+        writer.write_all(&[1])?;
+        writer.write_all(token)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub struct InInstruction {
+  pub id: ([u8; 32], u64),
+  pub from: [u8; 20],
+  pub coin: Coin,
+  pub amount: U256,
+  pub data: Vec<u8>,
+  pub key_at_end_of_block: ProjectivePoint,
+}
+
+impl InInstruction {
+  pub fn read<R: io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> io::Result<Self> {
+    let id = {
+      let mut id_hash = [0; 32];
+      reader.read_exact(&mut id_hash)?;
+      let mut id_pos = [0; 8];
+      reader.read_exact(&mut id_pos)?;
+      let id_pos = u64::from_le_bytes(id_pos);
+      (id_hash, id_pos)
+    };
+
+    let mut from = [0; 20];
+    reader.read_exact(&mut from)?;
+
+    let coin = Coin::read(reader)?;
+    let mut amount = [0; 32];
+    reader.read_exact(&mut amount)?;
+    let amount = U256::from_le_slice(&amount);
+
+    let mut data_len = [0; 4];
+    reader.read_exact(&mut data_len)?;
+    let data_len = usize::try_from(u32::from_le_bytes(data_len))
+      .map_err(|_| io::Error::other("InInstruction data exceeded 2**32 in length"))?;
+    let mut data = vec![0; data_len];
+    reader.read_exact(&mut data)?;
+
+    let mut key_at_end_of_block = <ProjectivePoint as GroupEncoding>::Repr::default();
+    reader.read_exact(&mut key_at_end_of_block)?;
+    let key_at_end_of_block = Option::from(ProjectivePoint::from_bytes(&key_at_end_of_block))
+      .ok_or(io::Error::other("InInstruction had key at end of block which wasn't valid"))?;
+
+    Ok(InInstruction { id, from, coin, amount, data, key_at_end_of_block })
+  }
+
+  pub fn write<W: io::Write>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> {
+    writer.write_all(&self.id.0)?;
+    writer.write_all(&self.id.1.to_le_bytes())?;
+
+    writer.write_all(&self.from)?;
+
+    self.coin.write(writer)?;
+    writer.write_all(&self.amount.as_le_bytes())?;
+
+    writer.write_all(
+      &u32::try_from(self.data.len())
+        .map_err(|_| {
+          io::Error::other("InInstruction being written had data exceeding 2**32 in length")
+        })?
+        .to_le_bytes(),
+    )?;
+    writer.write_all(&self.data)?;
+
+    writer.write_all(&self.key_at_end_of_block.to_bytes())
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub struct Executed {
+  pub tx_id: [u8; 32],
+  pub nonce: u64,
+  pub signature: [u8; 64],
+}
+
+/// The contract Serai uses to manage its state.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Router(Arc<RootProvider<SimpleRequest>>, Address);
+impl Router {
+  pub(crate) fn code() -> Vec<u8> {
+    let bytecode = include_str!("../artifacts/Router.bin");
+    Bytes::from_hex(bytecode).expect("compiled-in Router bytecode wasn't valid hex").to_vec()
+  }
+
+  pub(crate) fn init_code(key: &PublicKey) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut bytecode = Self::code();
+    // Append the constructor arguments
+    bytecode.extend((abi::constructorCall { _seraiKey: key.eth_repr().into() }).abi_encode());
+    bytecode
+  }
+
+  // This isn't pub in order to force users to use `Deployer::find_router`.
+  pub(crate) fn new(provider: Arc<RootProvider<SimpleRequest>>, address: Address) -> Self {
+    Self(provider, address)
+  }
+
+  pub fn address(&self) -> [u8; 20] {
+    **self.1
+  }
+
+  /// Get the key for Serai at the specified block.
+  #[cfg(test)]
+  pub async fn serai_key(&self, at: [u8; 32]) -> Result<PublicKey, Error> {
+    let call = TransactionRequest::default()
+      .to(Some(self.1))
+      .input(TransactionInput::new(abi::seraiKeyCall::new(()).abi_encode().into()));
+    let bytes = self
+      .0
+      .call(&call, Some(BlockId::Hash(B256::from(at).into())))
+      .await
+      .map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?;
+    let res =
+      abi::seraiKeyCall::abi_decode_returns(&bytes, true).map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?;
+    PublicKey::from_eth_repr(res._0.0).ok_or(Error::ConnectionError)
+  }
+
+  /// Get the message to be signed in order to update the key for Serai.
+  pub(crate) fn update_serai_key_message(chain_id: U256, nonce: U256, key: &PublicKey) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut buffer = b"updateSeraiKey".to_vec();
+    buffer.extend(&chain_id.to_be_bytes::<32>());
+    buffer.extend(&nonce.to_be_bytes::<32>());
+    buffer.extend(&key.eth_repr());
+    buffer
+  }
+
+  /// Update the key representing Serai.
+  pub fn update_serai_key(&self, public_key: &PublicKey, sig: &Signature) -> TxLegacy {
+    // TODO: Set a more accurate gas
+    TxLegacy {
+      to: TxKind::Call(self.1),
+      input: abi::updateSeraiKeyCall::new((public_key.eth_repr().into(), sig.into()))
+        .abi_encode()
+        .into(),
+      gas_limit: 100_000,
+      ..Default::default()
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Get the current nonce for the published batches.
+  #[cfg(test)]
+  pub async fn nonce(&self, at: [u8; 32]) -> Result<U256, Error> {
+    let call = TransactionRequest::default()
+      .to(Some(self.1))
+      .input(TransactionInput::new(abi::nonceCall::new(()).abi_encode().into()));
+    let bytes = self
+      .0
+      .call(&call, Some(BlockId::Hash(B256::from(at).into())))
+      .await
+      .map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?;
+    let res =
+      abi::nonceCall::abi_decode_returns(&bytes, true).map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?;
+    Ok(res._0)
+  }
+
+  /// Get the message to be signed in order to update the key for Serai.
+  pub(crate) fn execute_message(
+    chain_id: U256,
+    nonce: U256,
+    outs: Vec<abi::OutInstruction>,
+  ) -> Vec<u8> {
+    ("execute".to_string(), chain_id, nonce, outs).abi_encode_params()
+  }
+
+  /// Execute a batch of `OutInstruction`s.
+  pub fn execute(&self, outs: &[abi::OutInstruction], sig: &Signature) -> TxLegacy {
+    TxLegacy {
+      to: TxKind::Call(self.1),
+      input: abi::executeCall::new((outs.to_vec(), sig.into())).abi_encode().into(),
+      // TODO
+      gas_limit: 100_000 + ((200_000 + 10_000) * u128::try_from(outs.len()).unwrap()),
+      ..Default::default()
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub async fn in_instructions(
+    &self,
+    block: u64,
+    allowed_tokens: &HashSet<[u8; 20]>,
+  ) -> Result<Vec<InInstruction>, Error> {
+    let key_at_end_of_block = {
+      let filter = Filter::new().from_block(0).to_block(block).address(self.1);
+      let filter = filter.event_signature(SeraiKeyUpdated::SIGNATURE_HASH);
+      let all_keys = self.0.get_logs(&filter).await.map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?;
+
+      let last_key_x_coordinate_log = all_keys.last().ok_or(Error::ConnectionError)?;
+      let last_key_x_coordinate = last_key_x_coordinate_log
+        .log_decode::<SeraiKeyUpdated>()
+        .map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?
+        .inner
+        .data
+        .key;
+
+      let mut compressed_point = <ProjectivePoint as GroupEncoding>::Repr::default();
+      compressed_point[0] = u8::from(sec1::Tag::CompressedEvenY);
+      compressed_point[1 ..].copy_from_slice(last_key_x_coordinate.as_slice());
+
+      ProjectivePoint::from_bytes(&compressed_point).expect("router's last key wasn't a valid key")
+    };
+
+    let filter = Filter::new().from_block(block).to_block(block).address(self.1);
+    let filter = filter.event_signature(InInstructionEvent::SIGNATURE_HASH);
+    let logs = self.0.get_logs(&filter).await.map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?;
+
+    let mut transfer_check = HashSet::new();
+    let mut in_instructions = vec![];
+    for log in logs {
+      // Double check the address which emitted this log
+      if log.address() != self.1 {
+        Err(Error::ConnectionError)?;
+      }
+
+      let id = (
+        log.block_hash.ok_or(Error::ConnectionError)?.into(),
+        log.log_index.ok_or(Error::ConnectionError)?,
+      );
+
+      let tx_hash = log.transaction_hash.ok_or(Error::ConnectionError)?;
+      let tx = self.0.get_transaction_by_hash(tx_hash).await.map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?;
+
+      let log =
+        log.log_decode::<InInstructionEvent>().map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?.inner.data;
+
+      let coin = if log.coin.0 == [0; 20] {
+        Coin::Ether
+      } else {
+        let token = *log.coin.0;
+
+        if !allowed_tokens.contains(&token) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        // If this also counts as a top-level transfer via the token, drop it
+        //
+        // Necessary in order to handle a potential edge case with some theoretical token
+        // implementations
+        //
+        // This will either let it be handled by the top-level transfer hook or will drop it
+        // entirely on the side of caution
+        if tx.to == Some(token.into()) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        // Get all logs for this TX
+        let receipt = self
+          .0
+          .get_transaction_receipt(tx_hash)
+          .await
+          .map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?
+          .ok_or(Error::ConnectionError)?;
+        let tx_logs = receipt.inner.logs();
+
+        // Find a matching transfer log
+        let mut found_transfer = false;
+        for tx_log in tx_logs {
+          let log_index = tx_log.log_index.ok_or(Error::ConnectionError)?;
+          // Ensure we didn't already use this transfer to check a distinct InInstruction event
+          if transfer_check.contains(&log_index) {
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          // Check if this log is from the token we expected to be transferred
+          if tx_log.address().0 != token {
+            continue;
+          }
+          // Check if this is a transfer log
+          // https://github.com/alloy-rs/core/issues/589
+          if tx_log.topics()[0] != Transfer::SIGNATURE_HASH {
+            continue;
+          }
+          let Ok(transfer) = Transfer::decode_log(&tx_log.inner.clone(), true) else { continue };
+          // Check if this is a transfer to us for the expected amount
+          if (transfer.to == self.1) && (transfer.value == log.amount) {
+            transfer_check.insert(log_index);
+            found_transfer = true;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        if !found_transfer {
+          // This shouldn't be a ConnectionError
+          // This is an exploit, a non-conforming ERC20, or an invalid connection
+          // This should halt the process which is sufficient, yet this is sub-optimal
+          // TODO
+          Err(Error::ConnectionError)?;
+        }
+
+        Coin::Erc20(token)
+      };
+
+      in_instructions.push(InInstruction {
+        id,
+        from: *log.from.0,
+        coin,
+        amount: log.amount,
+        data: log.instruction.as_ref().to_vec(),
+        key_at_end_of_block,
+      });
+    }
+
+    Ok(in_instructions)
+  }
+
+  pub async fn executed_commands(&self, block: u64) -> Result<Vec<Executed>, Error> {
+    let mut res = vec![];
+
+    {
+      let filter = Filter::new().from_block(block).to_block(block).address(self.1);
+      let filter = filter.event_signature(SeraiKeyUpdated::SIGNATURE_HASH);
+      let logs = self.0.get_logs(&filter).await.map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?;
+
+      for log in logs {
+        // Double check the address which emitted this log
+        if log.address() != self.1 {
+          Err(Error::ConnectionError)?;
+        }
+
+        let tx_id = log.transaction_hash.ok_or(Error::ConnectionError)?.into();
+
+        let log =
+          log.log_decode::<SeraiKeyUpdated>().map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?.inner.data;
+
+        let mut signature = [0; 64];
+        signature[.. 32].copy_from_slice(log.signature.c.as_ref());
+        signature[32 ..].copy_from_slice(log.signature.s.as_ref());
+        res.push(Executed {
+          tx_id,
+          nonce: log.nonce.try_into().map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?,
+          signature,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    {
+      let filter = Filter::new().from_block(block).to_block(block).address(self.1);
+      let filter = filter.event_signature(ExecutedEvent::SIGNATURE_HASH);
+      let logs = self.0.get_logs(&filter).await.map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?;
+
+      for log in logs {
+        // Double check the address which emitted this log
+        if log.address() != self.1 {
+          Err(Error::ConnectionError)?;
+        }
+
+        let tx_id = log.transaction_hash.ok_or(Error::ConnectionError)?.into();
+
+        let log = log.log_decode::<ExecutedEvent>().map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?.inner.data;
+
+        let mut signature = [0; 64];
+        signature[.. 32].copy_from_slice(log.signature.c.as_ref());
+        signature[32 ..].copy_from_slice(log.signature.s.as_ref());
+        res.push(Executed {
+          tx_id,
+          nonce: log.nonce.try_into().map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?,
+          signature,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    Ok(res)
+  }
+
+  #[cfg(feature = "tests")]
+  pub fn key_updated_filter(&self) -> Filter {
+    Filter::new().address(self.1).event_signature(SeraiKeyUpdated::SIGNATURE_HASH)
+  }
+  #[cfg(feature = "tests")]
+  pub fn executed_filter(&self) -> Filter {
+    Filter::new().address(self.1).event_signature(ExecutedEvent::SIGNATURE_HASH)
+  }
+}

coins/ethereum/src/tests/abi/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+use alloy_sol_types::sol;
+
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+#[allow(warnings)]
+#[allow(needless_pass_by_value)]
+#[allow(clippy::all)]
+#[allow(clippy::ignored_unit_patterns)]
+#[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_for_method_calls)]
+mod schnorr_container {
+  use super::*;
+  sol!("src/tests/contracts/Schnorr.sol");
+}
+pub(crate) use schnorr_container::TestSchnorr as schnorr;

coins/ethereum/src/tests/contracts/ERC20.sol

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPLv3
+pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
+
+contract TestERC20 {
+  event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
+  event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
+
+  function name() public pure returns (string memory) {
+    return "Test ERC20";
+  }
+  function symbol() public pure returns (string memory) {
+    return "TEST";
+  }
+  function decimals() public pure returns (uint8) {
+    return 18;
+  }
+
+  function totalSupply() public pure returns (uint256) {
+    return 1_000_000 * 10e18;
+  }
+
+  mapping(address => uint256) balances;
+  mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) allowances;
+
+  constructor() {
+    balances[msg.sender] = totalSupply();
+  }
+
+  function balanceOf(address owner) public view returns (uint256) {
+    return balances[owner];
+  }
+  function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool) {
+    balances[msg.sender] -= value;
+    balances[to] += value;
+    return true;
+  }
+  function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool) {
+    allowances[from][msg.sender] -= value;
+    balances[from] -= value;
+    balances[to] += value;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public returns (bool) {
+    allowances[msg.sender][spender] = value;
+    return true;
+  }
+  function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view returns (uint256) {
+    return allowances[owner][spender];
+  }
+}

coins/ethereum/src/tests/contracts/Schnorr.sol

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPLv3
+pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
+
+import "../../../contracts/Schnorr.sol";
+
+contract TestSchnorr {
+  function verify(
+    bytes32 px,
+    bytes calldata message,
+    bytes32 c,
+    bytes32 s
+  ) external pure returns (bool) {
+    return Schnorr.verify(px, message, c, s);
+  }
+}

coins/ethereum/src/tests/crypto.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+use rand_core::OsRng;
+
+use group::ff::{Field, PrimeField};
+use k256::{
+  ecdsa::{
+    self, hazmat::SignPrimitive, signature::hazmat::PrehashVerifier, SigningKey, VerifyingKey,
+  },
+  Scalar, ProjectivePoint,
+};
+
+use frost::{
+  curve::{Ciphersuite, Secp256k1},
+  algorithm::{Hram, IetfSchnorr},
+  tests::{algorithm_machines, sign},
+};
+
+use crate::{crypto::*, tests::key_gen};
+
+// The ecrecover opcode, yet with parity replacing v
+pub(crate) fn ecrecover(message: Scalar, odd_y: bool, r: Scalar, s: Scalar) -> Option<[u8; 20]> {
+  let sig = ecdsa::Signature::from_scalars(r, s).ok()?;
+  let message: [u8; 32] = message.to_repr().into();
+  alloy_core::primitives::Signature::from_signature_and_parity(
+    sig,
+    alloy_core::primitives::Parity::Parity(odd_y),
+  )
+  .ok()?
+  .recover_address_from_prehash(&alloy_core::primitives::B256::from(message))
+  .ok()
+  .map(Into::into)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_ecrecover() {
+  let private = SigningKey::random(&mut OsRng);
+  let public = VerifyingKey::from(&private);
+
+  // Sign the signature
+  const MESSAGE: &[u8] = b"Hello, World!";
+  let (sig, recovery_id) = private
+    .as_nonzero_scalar()
+    .try_sign_prehashed(
+      <Secp256k1 as Ciphersuite>::F::random(&mut OsRng),
+      &keccak256(MESSAGE).into(),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+
+  // Sanity check the signature verifies
+  #[allow(clippy::unit_cmp)] // Intended to assert this wasn't changed to Result<bool>
+  {
+    assert_eq!(public.verify_prehash(&keccak256(MESSAGE), &sig).unwrap(), ());
+  }
+
+  // Perform the ecrecover
+  assert_eq!(
+    ecrecover(
+      hash_to_scalar(MESSAGE),
+      u8::from(recovery_id.unwrap().is_y_odd()) == 1,
+      *sig.r(),
+      *sig.s()
+    )
+    .unwrap(),
+    address(&ProjectivePoint::from(public.as_affine()))
+  );
+}
+
+// Run the sign test with the EthereumHram
+#[test]
+fn test_signing() {
+  let (keys, _) = key_gen();
+
+  const MESSAGE: &[u8] = b"Hello, World!";
+
+  let algo = IetfSchnorr::<Secp256k1, EthereumHram>::ietf();
+  let _sig =
+    sign(&mut OsRng, &algo, keys.clone(), algorithm_machines(&mut OsRng, &algo, &keys), MESSAGE);
+}
+
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+pub fn preprocess_signature_for_ecrecover(
+  R: ProjectivePoint,
+  public_key: &PublicKey,
+  m: &[u8],
+  s: Scalar,
+) -> (Scalar, Scalar) {
+  let c = EthereumHram::hram(&R, &public_key.A, m);
+  let sa = -(s * public_key.px);
+  let ca = -(c * public_key.px);
+  (sa, ca)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_ecrecover_hack() {
+  let (keys, public_key) = key_gen();
+
+  const MESSAGE: &[u8] = b"Hello, World!";
+
+  let algo = IetfSchnorr::<Secp256k1, EthereumHram>::ietf();
+  let sig =
+    sign(&mut OsRng, &algo, keys.clone(), algorithm_machines(&mut OsRng, &algo, &keys), MESSAGE);
+
+  let (sa, ca) = preprocess_signature_for_ecrecover(sig.R, &public_key, MESSAGE, sig.s);
+  let q = ecrecover(sa, false, public_key.px, ca).unwrap();
+  assert_eq!(q, address(&sig.R));
+}

coins/ethereum/src/tests/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+use std::{sync::Arc, collections::HashMap};
+
+use rand_core::OsRng;
+
+use k256::{Scalar, ProjectivePoint};
+use frost::{curve::Secp256k1, Participant, ThresholdKeys, tests::key_gen as frost_key_gen};
+
+use alloy_core::{
+  primitives::{Address, U256, Bytes, TxKind},
+  hex::FromHex,
+};
+use alloy_consensus::{SignableTransaction, TxLegacy};
+
+use alloy_rpc_types::TransactionReceipt;
+use alloy_simple_request_transport::SimpleRequest;
+use alloy_provider::{Provider, RootProvider};
+
+use crate::crypto::{address, deterministically_sign, PublicKey};
+
+mod crypto;
+
+mod abi;
+mod schnorr;
+mod router;
+
+pub fn key_gen() -> (HashMap<Participant, ThresholdKeys<Secp256k1>>, PublicKey) {
+  let mut keys = frost_key_gen::<_, Secp256k1>(&mut OsRng);
+  let mut group_key = keys[&Participant::new(1).unwrap()].group_key();
+
+  let mut offset = Scalar::ZERO;
+  while PublicKey::new(group_key).is_none() {
+    offset += Scalar::ONE;
+    group_key += ProjectivePoint::GENERATOR;
+  }
+  for keys in keys.values_mut() {
+    *keys = keys.offset(offset);
+  }
+  let public_key = PublicKey::new(group_key).unwrap();
+
+  (keys, public_key)
+}
+
+// TODO: Use a proper error here
+pub async fn send(
+  provider: &RootProvider<SimpleRequest>,
+  wallet: &k256::ecdsa::SigningKey,
+  mut tx: TxLegacy,
+) -> Option<TransactionReceipt> {
+  let verifying_key = *wallet.verifying_key().as_affine();
+  let address = Address::from(address(&verifying_key.into()));
+
+  // https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy/issues/539
+  // let chain_id = provider.get_chain_id().await.unwrap();
+  // tx.chain_id = Some(chain_id);
+  tx.chain_id = None;
+  tx.nonce = provider.get_transaction_count(address, None).await.unwrap();
+  // 100 gwei
+  tx.gas_price = 100_000_000_000u128;
+
+  let sig = wallet.sign_prehash_recoverable(tx.signature_hash().as_ref()).unwrap();
+  assert_eq!(address, tx.clone().into_signed(sig.into()).recover_signer().unwrap());
+  assert!(
+    provider.get_balance(address, None).await.unwrap() >
+      ((U256::from(tx.gas_price) * U256::from(tx.gas_limit)) + tx.value)
+  );
+
+  let mut bytes = vec![];
+  tx.encode_with_signature_fields(&sig.into(), &mut bytes);
+  let pending_tx = provider.send_raw_transaction(&bytes).await.ok()?;
+  pending_tx.get_receipt().await.ok()
+}
+
+pub async fn fund_account(
+  provider: &RootProvider<SimpleRequest>,
+  wallet: &k256::ecdsa::SigningKey,
+  to_fund: Address,
+  value: U256,
+) -> Option<()> {
+  let funding_tx =
+    TxLegacy { to: TxKind::Call(to_fund), gas_limit: 21_000, value, ..Default::default() };
+  assert!(send(provider, wallet, funding_tx).await.unwrap().status());
+
+  Some(())
+}
+
+// TODO: Use a proper error here
+pub async fn deploy_contract(
+  client: Arc<RootProvider<SimpleRequest>>,
+  wallet: &k256::ecdsa::SigningKey,
+  name: &str,
+) -> Option<Address> {
+  let hex_bin_buf = std::fs::read_to_string(format!("./artifacts/{name}.bin")).unwrap();
+  let hex_bin =
+    if let Some(stripped) = hex_bin_buf.strip_prefix("0x") { stripped } else { &hex_bin_buf };
+  let bin = Bytes::from_hex(hex_bin).unwrap();
+
+  let deployment_tx = TxLegacy {
+    chain_id: None,
+    nonce: 0,
+    // 100 gwei
+    gas_price: 100_000_000_000u128,
+    gas_limit: 1_000_000,
+    to: TxKind::Create,
+    value: U256::ZERO,
+    input: bin,
+  };
+
+  let deployment_tx = deterministically_sign(&deployment_tx);
+
+  // Fund the deployer address
+  fund_account(
+    &client,
+    wallet,
+    deployment_tx.recover_signer().unwrap(),
+    U256::from(deployment_tx.tx().gas_limit) * U256::from(deployment_tx.tx().gas_price),
+  )
+  .await?;
+
+  let (deployment_tx, sig, _) = deployment_tx.into_parts();
+  let mut bytes = vec![];
+  deployment_tx.encode_with_signature_fields(&sig, &mut bytes);
+  let pending_tx = client.send_raw_transaction(&bytes).await.ok()?;
+  let receipt = pending_tx.get_receipt().await.ok()?;
+  assert!(receipt.status());
+
+  Some(receipt.contract_address.unwrap())
+}

coins/ethereum/src/tests/router.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+use std::{convert::TryFrom, sync::Arc, collections::HashMap};
+
+use rand_core::OsRng;
+
+use group::Group;
+use k256::ProjectivePoint;
+use frost::{
+  curve::Secp256k1,
+  Participant, ThresholdKeys,
+  algorithm::IetfSchnorr,
+  tests::{algorithm_machines, sign},
+};
+
+use alloy_core::primitives::{Address, U256};
+
+use alloy_simple_request_transport::SimpleRequest;
+use alloy_rpc_client::ClientBuilder;
+use alloy_provider::{Provider, RootProvider};
+
+use alloy_node_bindings::{Anvil, AnvilInstance};
+
+use crate::{
+  crypto::*,
+  deployer::Deployer,
+  router::{Router, abi as router},
+  tests::{key_gen, send, fund_account},
+};
+
+async fn setup_test() -> (
+  AnvilInstance,
+  Arc<RootProvider<SimpleRequest>>,
+  u64,
+  Router,
+  HashMap<Participant, ThresholdKeys<Secp256k1>>,
+  PublicKey,
+) {
+  let anvil = Anvil::new().spawn();
+
+  let provider = RootProvider::new(
+    ClientBuilder::default().transport(SimpleRequest::new(anvil.endpoint()), true),
+  );
+  let chain_id = provider.get_chain_id().await.unwrap();
+  let wallet = anvil.keys()[0].clone().into();
+  let client = Arc::new(provider);
+
+  // Make sure the Deployer constructor returns None, as it doesn't exist yet
+  assert!(Deployer::new(client.clone()).await.unwrap().is_none());
+
+  // Deploy the Deployer
+  let tx = Deployer::deployment_tx();
+  fund_account(
+    &client,
+    &wallet,
+    tx.recover_signer().unwrap(),
+    U256::from(tx.tx().gas_limit) * U256::from(tx.tx().gas_price),
+  )
+  .await
+  .unwrap();
+
+  let (tx, sig, _) = tx.into_parts();
+  let mut bytes = vec![];
+  tx.encode_with_signature_fields(&sig, &mut bytes);
+
+  let pending_tx = client.send_raw_transaction(&bytes).await.unwrap();
+  let receipt = pending_tx.get_receipt().await.unwrap();
+  assert!(receipt.status());
+  let deployer =
+    Deployer::new(client.clone()).await.expect("network error").expect("deployer wasn't deployed");
+
+  let (keys, public_key) = key_gen();
+
+  // Verify the Router constructor returns None, as it doesn't exist yet
+  assert!(deployer.find_router(client.clone(), &public_key).await.unwrap().is_none());
+
+  // Deploy the router
+  let receipt = send(&client, &anvil.keys()[0].clone().into(), deployer.deploy_router(&public_key))
+    .await
+    .unwrap();
+  assert!(receipt.status());
+  let contract = deployer.find_router(client.clone(), &public_key).await.unwrap().unwrap();
+
+  (anvil, client, chain_id, contract, keys, public_key)
+}
+
+async fn latest_block_hash(client: &RootProvider<SimpleRequest>) -> [u8; 32] {
+  client
+    .get_block(client.get_block_number().await.unwrap().into(), false)
+    .await
+    .unwrap()
+    .unwrap()
+    .header
+    .hash
+    .unwrap()
+    .0
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_deploy_contract() {
+  let (_anvil, client, _, router, _, public_key) = setup_test().await;
+
+  let block_hash = latest_block_hash(&client).await;
+  assert_eq!(router.serai_key(block_hash).await.unwrap(), public_key);
+  assert_eq!(router.nonce(block_hash).await.unwrap(), U256::try_from(1u64).unwrap());
+  // TODO: Check it emitted SeraiKeyUpdated(public_key) at its genesis
+}
+
+pub fn hash_and_sign(
+  keys: &HashMap<Participant, ThresholdKeys<Secp256k1>>,
+  public_key: &PublicKey,
+  message: &[u8],
+) -> Signature {
+  let algo = IetfSchnorr::<Secp256k1, EthereumHram>::ietf();
+  let sig =
+    sign(&mut OsRng, &algo, keys.clone(), algorithm_machines(&mut OsRng, &algo, keys), message);
+
+  Signature::new(public_key, message, sig).unwrap()
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_router_update_serai_key() {
+  let (anvil, client, chain_id, contract, keys, public_key) = setup_test().await;
+
+  let next_key = loop {
+    let point = ProjectivePoint::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let Some(next_key) = PublicKey::new(point) else { continue };
+    break next_key;
+  };
+
+  let message = Router::update_serai_key_message(
+    U256::try_from(chain_id).unwrap(),
+    U256::try_from(1u64).unwrap(),
+    &next_key,
+  );
+  let sig = hash_and_sign(&keys, &public_key, &message);
+
+  let first_block_hash = latest_block_hash(&client).await;
+  assert_eq!(contract.serai_key(first_block_hash).await.unwrap(), public_key);
+
+  let receipt =
+    send(&client, &anvil.keys()[0].clone().into(), contract.update_serai_key(&next_key, &sig))
+      .await
+      .unwrap();
+  assert!(receipt.status());
+
+  let second_block_hash = latest_block_hash(&client).await;
+  assert_eq!(contract.serai_key(second_block_hash).await.unwrap(), next_key);
+  // Check this does still offer the historical state
+  assert_eq!(contract.serai_key(first_block_hash).await.unwrap(), public_key);
+  // TODO: Check logs
+
+  println!("gas used: {:?}", receipt.gas_used);
+  // println!("logs: {:?}", receipt.logs);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_router_execute() {
+  let (anvil, client, chain_id, contract, keys, public_key) = setup_test().await;
+
+  let to = Address::from([0; 20]);
+  let value = U256::ZERO;
+  let tx = router::OutInstruction { to, value, calls: vec![] };
+  let txs = vec![tx];
+
+  let first_block_hash = latest_block_hash(&client).await;
+  let nonce = contract.nonce(first_block_hash).await.unwrap();
+  assert_eq!(nonce, U256::try_from(1u64).unwrap());
+
+  let message = Router::execute_message(U256::try_from(chain_id).unwrap(), nonce, txs.clone());
+  let sig = hash_and_sign(&keys, &public_key, &message);
+
+  let receipt =
+    send(&client, &anvil.keys()[0].clone().into(), contract.execute(&txs, &sig)).await.unwrap();
+  assert!(receipt.status());
+
+  let second_block_hash = latest_block_hash(&client).await;
+  assert_eq!(contract.nonce(second_block_hash).await.unwrap(), U256::try_from(2u64).unwrap());
+  // Check this does still offer the historical state
+  assert_eq!(contract.nonce(first_block_hash).await.unwrap(), U256::try_from(1u64).unwrap());
+  // TODO: Check logs
+
+  println!("gas used: {:?}", receipt.gas_used);
+  // println!("logs: {:?}", receipt.logs);
+}

coins/ethereum/src/tests/schnorr.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use rand_core::OsRng;
+
+use group::ff::PrimeField;
+use k256::Scalar;
+
+use frost::{
+  curve::Secp256k1,
+  algorithm::IetfSchnorr,
+  tests::{algorithm_machines, sign},
+};
+
+use alloy_core::primitives::Address;
+
+use alloy_sol_types::SolCall;
+
+use alloy_rpc_types::{TransactionInput, TransactionRequest};
+use alloy_simple_request_transport::SimpleRequest;
+use alloy_rpc_client::ClientBuilder;
+use alloy_provider::{Provider, RootProvider};
+
+use alloy_node_bindings::{Anvil, AnvilInstance};
+
+use crate::{
+  Error,
+  crypto::*,
+  tests::{key_gen, deploy_contract, abi::schnorr as abi},
+};
+
+async fn setup_test() -> (AnvilInstance, Arc<RootProvider<SimpleRequest>>, Address) {
+  let anvil = Anvil::new().spawn();
+
+  let provider = RootProvider::new(
+    ClientBuilder::default().transport(SimpleRequest::new(anvil.endpoint()), true),
+  );
+  let wallet = anvil.keys()[0].clone().into();
+  let client = Arc::new(provider);
+
+  let address = deploy_contract(client.clone(), &wallet, "TestSchnorr").await.unwrap();
+  (anvil, client, address)
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_deploy_contract() {
+  setup_test().await;
+}
+
+pub async fn call_verify(
+  provider: &RootProvider<SimpleRequest>,
+  contract: Address,
+  public_key: &PublicKey,
+  message: &[u8],
+  signature: &Signature,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+  let px: [u8; 32] = public_key.px.to_repr().into();
+  let c_bytes: [u8; 32] = signature.c.to_repr().into();
+  let s_bytes: [u8; 32] = signature.s.to_repr().into();
+  let call = TransactionRequest::default().to(Some(contract)).input(TransactionInput::new(
+    abi::verifyCall::new((px.into(), message.to_vec().into(), c_bytes.into(), s_bytes.into()))
+      .abi_encode()
+      .into(),
+  ));
+  let bytes = provider.call(&call, None).await.map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?;
+  let res =
+    abi::verifyCall::abi_decode_returns(&bytes, true).map_err(|_| Error::ConnectionError)?;
+
+  if res._0 {
+    Ok(())
+  } else {
+    Err(Error::InvalidSignature)
+  }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_ecrecover_hack() {
+  let (_anvil, client, contract) = setup_test().await;
+
+  let (keys, public_key) = key_gen();
+
+  const MESSAGE: &[u8] = b"Hello, World!";
+
+  let algo = IetfSchnorr::<Secp256k1, EthereumHram>::ietf();
+  let sig =
+    sign(&mut OsRng, &algo, keys.clone(), algorithm_machines(&mut OsRng, &algo, &keys), MESSAGE);
+  let sig = Signature::new(&public_key, MESSAGE, sig).unwrap();
+
+  call_verify(&client, contract, &public_key, MESSAGE, &sig).await.unwrap();
+  // Test an invalid signature fails
+  let mut sig = sig;
+  sig.s += Scalar::ONE;
+  assert!(call_verify(&client, contract, &public_key, MESSAGE, &sig).await.is_err());
+}

coins/monero/.gitignore

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-c/.build

coins/monero/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,52 +1,105 @@
 [package]
 name = "monero-serai"
-version = "0.1.0"
-description = "A modern Monero wallet library"
+version = "0.1.4-alpha"
+description = "A modern Monero transaction library"
 license = "MIT"
+repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/coins/monero"
 authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
+rust-version = "1.74"
 
-[build-dependencies]
-cc = "1.0"
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+all-features = true
+rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-hex-literal = "0.3"
-lazy_static = "1"
-thiserror = "1"
+std-shims = { path = "../../common/std-shims", version = "^0.1.1", default-features = false }
 
-rand_core = "0.6"
-rand_chacha = { version = "0.3", optional = true }
-rand = "0.8"
-rand_distr = "0.4"
+async-trait = { version = "0.1", default-features = false }
+thiserror = { version = "1", default-features = false, optional = true }
 
-subtle = "2.4"
+zeroize = { version = "^1.5", default-features = false, features = ["zeroize_derive"] }
+subtle = { version = "^2.4", default-features = false }
 
-tiny-keccak = { version = "2", features = ["keccak"] }
-blake2 = { version = "0.10", optional = true }
+rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false }
+# Used to send transactions
+rand = { version = "0.8", default-features = false }
+rand_chacha = { version = "0.3", default-features = false }
+# Used to select decoys
+rand_distr = { version = "0.4", default-features = false }
 
-curve25519-dalek = { version = "3", features = ["std"] }
+sha3 = { version = "0.10", default-features = false }
+pbkdf2 = { version = "0.12", features = ["simple"], default-features = false }
 
-group = { version = "0.12" }
-dalek-ff-group = { path = "../../crypto/dalek-ff-group" }
+curve25519-dalek = { version = "4", default-features = false, features = ["alloc", "zeroize", "precomputed-tables"] }
 
-transcript = { package = "flexible-transcript", path = "../../crypto/transcript", features = ["recommended"], optional = true }
-frost = { package = "modular-frost", path = "../../crypto/frost", features = ["ed25519"], optional = true }
-dleq = { package = "dleq-serai", path = "../../crypto/dleq", features = ["serialize"], optional = true }
+# Used for the hash to curve, along with the more complicated proofs
+group = { version = "0.13", default-features = false }
+dalek-ff-group = { path = "../../crypto/dalek-ff-group", version = "0.4", default-features = false }
+multiexp = { path = "../../crypto/multiexp", version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["batch"] }
 
-hex = "0.4"
-serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
-serde_json = "1.0"
+# Needed for multisig
+transcript = { package = "flexible-transcript", path = "../../crypto/transcript", version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["recommended"], optional = true }
+frost = { package = "modular-frost", path = "../../crypto/frost", version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["ed25519"], optional = true }
 
-base58-monero = "1"
-monero-epee-bin-serde = "1.0"
-monero = "0.16"
+monero-generators = { path = "generators", version = "0.4", default-features = false }
 
-reqwest = { version = "0.11", features = ["json"] }
+hex-literal = "0.4"
+hex = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
+serde = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "alloc"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 
-[features]
-experimental = []
-multisig = ["rand_chacha", "blake2", "transcript", "frost", "dleq"]
+base58-monero = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["check"] }
+
+# Used for the provided HTTP RPC
+digest_auth = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, optional = true }
+simple-request = { path = "../../common/request", version = "0.1", default-features = false, features = ["tls"], optional = true }
+tokio = { version = "1", default-features = false, optional = true }
+
+[build-dependencies]
+dalek-ff-group = { path = "../../crypto/dalek-ff-group", version = "0.4", default-features = false }
+monero-generators = { path = "generators", version = "0.4", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-sha2 = "0.10"
-tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["sync", "macros"] }
+
+frost = { package = "modular-frost", path = "../../crypto/frost", features = ["tests"] }
+
+[features]
+std = [
+  "std-shims/std",
+
+  "thiserror",
+
+  "zeroize/std",
+  "subtle/std",
+
+  "rand_core/std",
+  "rand/std",
+  "rand_chacha/std",
+  "rand_distr/std",
+
+  "sha3/std",
+  "pbkdf2/std",
+
+  "multiexp/std",
+
+  "transcript/std",
+
+  "monero-generators/std",
+
+  "hex/std",
+  "serde/std",
+  "serde_json/std",
+
+  "base58-monero/std",
+]
+
+http-rpc = ["digest_auth", "simple-request", "tokio"]
+multisig = ["transcript", "frost", "std"]
+binaries = ["tokio/rt-multi-thread", "tokio/macros", "http-rpc"]
+
+default = ["std", "http-rpc"]

coins/monero/LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 MIT License
 
-Copyright (c) 2022 Luke Parker
+Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Luke Parker
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

coins/monero/README.md

@@ -4,4 +4,58 @@ A modern Monero transaction library intended for usage in wallets. It prides
 itself on accuracy, correctness, and removing common pit falls developers may
 face.
 
-Threshold multisignature support is available via the `multisig` feature.
+monero-serai also offers the following features:
+
+- Featured Addresses
+- A FROST-based multisig orders of magnitude more performant than Monero's
+
+### Purpose and support
+
+monero-serai was written for Serai, a decentralized exchange aiming to support
+Monero. Despite this, monero-serai is intended to be a widely usable library,
+accurate to Monero. monero-serai guarantees the functionality needed for Serai,
+yet will not deprive functionality from other users.
+
+Various legacy transaction formats are not currently implemented, yet we are
+willing to add support for them. There aren't active development efforts around
+them however.
+
+### Caveats
+
+This library DOES attempt to do the following:
+
+- Create on-chain transactions identical to how wallet2 would (unless told not
+  to)
+- Not be detectable as monero-serai when scanning outputs
+- Not reveal spent outputs to the connected RPC node
+
+This library DOES NOT attempt to do the following:
+
+- Have identical RPC behavior when creating transactions
+- Be a wallet
+
+This means that monero-serai shouldn't be fingerprintable on-chain. It also
+shouldn't be fingerprintable if a targeted attack occurs to detect if the
+receiving wallet is monero-serai or wallet2. It also should be generally safe
+for usage with remote nodes.
+
+It won't hide from remote nodes it's monero-serai however, potentially
+allowing a remote node to profile you. The implications of this are left to the
+user to consider.
+
+It also won't act as a wallet, just as a transaction library. wallet2 has
+several *non-transaction-level* policies, such as always attempting to use two
+inputs to create transactions. These are considered out of scope to
+monero-serai.
+
+### Feature flags
+monero-serai has certain functionality behind feature flags:
+
+- `std:` Enables usage of Rust's `std` and several other functionality. See `Cargo.toml` for the full list.
+- `http-rpc`: Enables an HTTP(S) transport type within the `rpc` module
+- `multisig`: Enables multi-signature features within the `wallet` module
+- `binaries`: TODO
+
+The features enabled by default are:
+- `std`
+- `http-rpc`

coins/monero/build.rs

@@ -1,72 +1,67 @@
-use std::{env, path::Path, process::Command};
+use std::{
+  io::Write,
+  env,
+  path::Path,
+  fs::{File, remove_file},
+};
+
+use dalek_ff_group::EdwardsPoint;
+
+use monero_generators::bulletproofs_generators;
+
+fn serialize(generators_string: &mut String, points: &[EdwardsPoint]) {
+  for generator in points {
+    generators_string.extend(
+      format!(
+        "
+          dalek_ff_group::EdwardsPoint(
+            curve25519_dalek::edwards::CompressedEdwardsY({:?}).decompress().unwrap()
+          ),
+        ",
+        generator.compress().to_bytes()
+      )
+      .chars(),
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+fn generators(prefix: &'static str, path: &str) {
+  let generators = bulletproofs_generators(prefix.as_bytes());
+  #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+  let mut G_str = String::new();
+  serialize(&mut G_str, &generators.G);
+  #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+  let mut H_str = String::new();
+  serialize(&mut H_str, &generators.H);
+
+  let path = Path::new(&env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap()).join(path);
+  let _ = remove_file(&path);
+  File::create(&path)
+    .unwrap()
+    .write_all(
+      format!(
+        "
+          pub(crate) static GENERATORS_CELL: OnceLock<Generators> = OnceLock::new();
+          pub fn GENERATORS() -> &'static Generators {{
+            GENERATORS_CELL.get_or_init(|| Generators {{
+              G: vec![
+                {G_str}
+              ],
+              H: vec![
+                {H_str}
+              ],
+            }})
+          }}
+        ",
+      )
+      .as_bytes(),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+}
 
 fn main() {
-  if !Command::new("git").args(&["submodule", "update", "--init", "--recursive"]).status().unwrap().success() {
-    panic!("git failed to init submodules");
-  }
+  println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
 
-  if !Command ::new("mkdir").args(&["-p", ".build"])
-    .current_dir(&Path::new("c")).status().unwrap().success() {
-      panic!("failed to create a directory to track build progress");
-  }
-
-  let out_dir = &env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap();
-
-  // Use a file to signal if Monero was already built, as that should never be rebuilt
-  // If the signaling file was deleted, run this script again to rebuild Monero though
-  println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=c/.build/monero");
-  if !Path::new("c/.build/monero").exists() {
-    if !Command::new("make").arg(format!("-j{}", &env::var("THREADS").unwrap_or("2".to_string())))
-      .current_dir(&Path::new("c/monero")).status().unwrap().success() {
-        panic!("make failed to build Monero. Please check your dependencies");
-    }
-
-    if !Command::new("touch").arg("monero")
-      .current_dir(&Path::new("c/.build")).status().unwrap().success() {
-        panic!("failed to create a file to label Monero as built");
-    }
-  }
-
-  println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=c/wrapper.cpp");
-  cc::Build::new()
-    .static_flag(true)
-    .warnings(false)
-    .extra_warnings(false)
-    .flag("-Wno-deprecated-declarations")
-
-    .include("c/monero/external/supercop/include")
-    .include("c/monero/contrib/epee/include")
-    .include("c/monero/src")
-    .include("c/monero/build/release/generated_include")
-
-    .define("AUTO_INITIALIZE_EASYLOGGINGPP", None)
-    .include("c/monero/external/easylogging++")
-    .file("c/monero/external/easylogging++/easylogging++.cc")
-
-    .file("c/monero/src/common/aligned.c")
-    .file("c/monero/src/common/perf_timer.cpp")
-
-    .include("c/monero/src/crypto")
-    .file("c/monero/src/crypto/crypto-ops-data.c")
-    .file("c/monero/src/crypto/crypto-ops.c")
-    .file("c/monero/src/crypto/keccak.c")
-    .file("c/monero/src/crypto/hash.c")
-
-    .include("c/monero/src/device")
-    .file("c/monero/src/device/device_default.cpp")
-
-    .include("c/monero/src/ringct")
-    .file("c/monero/src/ringct/rctCryptoOps.c")
-    .file("c/monero/src/ringct/rctTypes.cpp")
-    .file("c/monero/src/ringct/rctOps.cpp")
-    .file("c/monero/src/ringct/multiexp.cc")
-    .file("c/monero/src/ringct/bulletproofs.cc")
-    .file("c/monero/src/ringct/rctSigs.cpp")
-
-    .file("c/wrapper.cpp")
-    .compile("wrapper");
-
-  println!("cargo:rustc-link-search={}", out_dir);
-  println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=wrapper");
-  println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=stdc++");
+  generators("bulletproof", "generators.rs");
+  generators("bulletproof_plus", "generators_plus.rs");
 }

coins/monero/c/wrapper.cpp

@@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
-#include <mutex>
-
-#include "device/device_default.hpp"
-
-#include "ringct/bulletproofs.h"
-#include "ringct/rctSigs.h"
-
-typedef std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock;
-
-std::mutex rng_mutex;
-uint8_t rng_entropy[64];
-
-extern "C" {
-  void rng(uint8_t* seed) {
-    // Set the first half to the seed
-    memcpy(rng_entropy, seed, 32);
-    // Set the second half to the hash of a DST to ensure a lack of collisions
-    crypto::cn_fast_hash("RNG_entropy_seed", 16, (char*) &rng_entropy[32]);
-  }
-}
-
-extern "C" void monero_wide_reduce(uint8_t* value);
-namespace crypto {
-  void generate_random_bytes_not_thread_safe(size_t n, void* value) {
-    size_t written = 0;
-    while (written != n) {
-      uint8_t hash[32];
-      crypto::cn_fast_hash(rng_entropy, 64, (char*) hash);
-      // Step the RNG by setting the latter half to the most recent result
-      // Does not leak the RNG, even if the values are leaked (which they are
-      // expected to be) due to the first half remaining constant and
-      // undisclosed
-      memcpy(&rng_entropy[32], hash, 32);
-
-      size_t next = n - written;
-      if (next > 32) {
-        next = 32;
-      }
-      memcpy(&((uint8_t*) value)[written], hash, next);
-      written += next;
-    }
-  }
-
-  void random32_unbiased(unsigned char *bytes) {
-    uint8_t value[64];
-    generate_random_bytes_not_thread_safe(64, value);
-    monero_wide_reduce(value);
-    memcpy(bytes, value, 32);
-  }
-}
-
-extern "C" {
-  void c_hash_to_point(uint8_t* point) {
-    rct::key key_point;
-    ge_p3 e_p3;
-    memcpy(key_point.bytes, point, 32);
-    rct::hash_to_p3(e_p3, key_point);
-    ge_p3_tobytes(point, &e_p3);
-  }
-
-  uint8_t* c_generate_bp(uint8_t* seed, uint8_t len, uint64_t* a, uint8_t* m) {
-    lock guard(rng_mutex);
-    rng(seed);
-
-    rct::keyV masks;
-    std::vector<uint64_t> amounts;
-    masks.resize(len);
-    amounts.resize(len);
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-      memcpy(masks[i].bytes, m + (i * 32), 32);
-      amounts[i] = a[i];
-    }
-
-    rct::Bulletproof bp = rct::bulletproof_PROVE(amounts, masks);
-
-    std::stringstream ss;
-    binary_archive<true> ba(ss);
-    ::serialization::serialize(ba, bp);
-    uint8_t* res = (uint8_t*) calloc(ss.str().size(), 1);
-    memcpy(res, ss.str().data(), ss.str().size());
-    return res;
-  }
-
-  bool c_verify_bp(
-    uint8_t* seed,
-    uint s_len,
-    uint8_t* s,
-    uint8_t c_len,
-    uint8_t* c
-  ) {
-    // BPs are batch verified which use RNG based weights to ensure individual
-    // integrity
-    // That's why this must also have control over RNG, to prevent interrupting
-    // multisig signing while not using known seeds. Considering this doesn't
-    // actually define a batch, and it's only verifying a single BP,
-    // it'd probably be fine, but...
-    lock guard(rng_mutex);
-    rng(seed);
-
-    rct::Bulletproof bp;
-    std::stringstream ss;
-    std::string str;
-    str.assign((char*) s, (size_t) s_len);
-    ss << str;
-    binary_archive<false> ba(ss);
-    ::serialization::serialize(ba, bp);
-    if (!ss.good()) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    bp.V.resize(c_len);
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < c_len; i++) {
-      memcpy(bp.V[i].bytes, &c[i * 32], 32);
-    }
-
-    try { return rct::bulletproof_VERIFY(bp); } catch(...) { return false; }
-  }
-
-  bool c_verify_clsag(
-    uint s_len,
-    uint8_t* s,
-    uint8_t k_len,
-    uint8_t* k,
-    uint8_t* I,
-    uint8_t* p,
-    uint8_t* m
-  ) {
-    rct::clsag clsag;
-    std::stringstream ss;
-    std::string str;
-    str.assign((char*) s, (size_t) s_len);
-    ss << str;
-    binary_archive<false> ba(ss);
-    ::serialization::serialize(ba, clsag);
-    if (!ss.good()) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    rct::ctkeyV keys;
-    keys.resize(k_len);
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < k_len; i++) {
-      memcpy(keys[i].dest.bytes, &k[(i * 2) * 32], 32);
-      memcpy(keys[i].mask.bytes, &k[((i * 2) + 1) * 32], 32);
-    }
-
-    memcpy(clsag.I.bytes, I, 32);
-
-    rct::key pseudo_out;
-    memcpy(pseudo_out.bytes, p, 32);
-
-    rct::key msg;
-    memcpy(msg.bytes, m, 32);
-
-    try {
-      return verRctCLSAGSimple(msg, clsag, keys, pseudo_out);
-    } catch(...) { return false; }
-  }
-}

coins/monero/generators/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+[package]
+name = "monero-generators"
+version = "0.4.0"
+description = "Monero's hash_to_point and generators"
+license = "MIT"
+repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/coins/monero/generators"
+authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>"]
+edition = "2021"
+
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+all-features = true
+rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+std-shims = { path = "../../../common/std-shims", version = "^0.1.1", default-features = false }
+
+subtle = { version = "^2.4", default-features = false }
+
+sha3 = { version = "0.10", default-features = false }
+
+curve25519-dalek = { version = "4", default-features = false, features = ["alloc", "zeroize", "precomputed-tables"] }
+
+group = { version = "0.13", default-features = false }
+dalek-ff-group = { path = "../../../crypto/dalek-ff-group", version = "0.4", default-features = false }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+hex = "0.4"
+
+[features]
+std = ["std-shims/std", "subtle/std", "sha3/std", "dalek-ff-group/std"]
+default = ["std"]

coins/monero/generators/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Luke Parker
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

coins/monero/generators/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Monero Generators
+
+Generators used by Monero in both its Pedersen commitments and Bulletproofs(+).
+An implementation of Monero's `ge_fromfe_frombytes_vartime`, simply called
+`hash_to_point` here, is included, as needed to generate generators.
+
+This library is usable under no-std when the `std` feature is disabled.

coins/monero/generators/src/hash_to_point.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+use subtle::ConditionallySelectable;
+
+use curve25519_dalek::edwards::{EdwardsPoint, CompressedEdwardsY};
+
+use group::ff::{Field, PrimeField};
+use dalek_ff_group::FieldElement;
+
+use crate::hash;
+
+/// Decompress canonically encoded ed25519 point
+/// It does not check if the point is in the prime order subgroup
+pub fn decompress_point(bytes: [u8; 32]) -> Option<EdwardsPoint> {
+  CompressedEdwardsY(bytes)
+    .decompress()
+    // Ban points which are either unreduced or -0
+    .filter(|point| point.compress().to_bytes() == bytes)
+}
+
+/// Monero's hash to point function, as named `hash_to_ec`.
+pub fn hash_to_point(bytes: [u8; 32]) -> EdwardsPoint {
+  #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+  let A = FieldElement::from(486662u64);
+
+  let v = FieldElement::from_square(hash(&bytes)).double();
+  let w = v + FieldElement::ONE;
+  let x = w.square() + (-A.square() * v);
+
+  // This isn't the complete X, yet its initial value
+  // We don't calculate the full X, and instead solely calculate Y, letting dalek reconstruct X
+  // While inefficient, it solves API boundaries and reduces the amount of work done here
+  #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+  let X = {
+    let u = w;
+    let v = x;
+    let v3 = v * v * v;
+    let uv3 = u * v3;
+    let v7 = v3 * v3 * v;
+    let uv7 = u * v7;
+    uv3 * uv7.pow((-FieldElement::from(5u8)) * FieldElement::from(8u8).invert().unwrap())
+  };
+  let x = X.square() * x;
+
+  let y = w - x;
+  let non_zero_0 = !y.is_zero();
+  let y_if_non_zero_0 = w + x;
+  let sign = non_zero_0 & (!y_if_non_zero_0.is_zero());
+
+  let mut z = -A;
+  z *= FieldElement::conditional_select(&v, &FieldElement::from(1u8), sign);
+  #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+  let Z = z + w;
+  #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+  let mut Y = z - w;
+
+  Y *= Z.invert().unwrap();
+  let mut bytes = Y.to_repr();
+  bytes[31] |= sign.unwrap_u8() << 7;
+
+  decompress_point(bytes).unwrap().mul_by_cofactor()
+}

coins/monero/generators/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+//! Generators used by Monero in both its Pedersen commitments and Bulletproofs(+).
+//!
+//! An implementation of Monero's `ge_fromfe_frombytes_vartime`, simply called
+//! `hash_to_point` here, is included, as needed to generate generators.
+
+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
+
+use std_shims::{sync::OnceLock, vec::Vec};
+
+use sha3::{Digest, Keccak256};
+
+use curve25519_dalek::edwards::{EdwardsPoint as DalekPoint};
+
+use group::{Group, GroupEncoding};
+use dalek_ff_group::EdwardsPoint;
+
+mod varint;
+use varint::write_varint;
+
+mod hash_to_point;
+pub use hash_to_point::{hash_to_point, decompress_point};
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;
+
+fn hash(data: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {
+  Keccak256::digest(data).into()
+}
+
+static H_CELL: OnceLock<DalekPoint> = OnceLock::new();
+/// Monero's alternate generator `H`, used for amounts in Pedersen commitments.
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+pub fn H() -> DalekPoint {
+  *H_CELL.get_or_init(|| {
+    decompress_point(hash(&EdwardsPoint::generator().to_bytes())).unwrap().mul_by_cofactor()
+  })
+}
+
+static H_POW_2_CELL: OnceLock<[DalekPoint; 64]> = OnceLock::new();
+/// Monero's alternate generator `H`, multiplied by 2**i for i in 1 ..= 64.
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+pub fn H_pow_2() -> &'static [DalekPoint; 64] {
+  H_POW_2_CELL.get_or_init(|| {
+    let mut res = [H(); 64];
+    for i in 1 .. 64 {
+      res[i] = res[i - 1] + res[i - 1];
+    }
+    res
+  })
+}
+
+const MAX_M: usize = 16;
+const N: usize = 64;
+const MAX_MN: usize = MAX_M * N;
+
+/// Container struct for Bulletproofs(+) generators.
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+pub struct Generators {
+  pub G: Vec<EdwardsPoint>,
+  pub H: Vec<EdwardsPoint>,
+}
+
+/// Generate generators as needed for Bulletproofs(+), as Monero does.
+pub fn bulletproofs_generators(dst: &'static [u8]) -> Generators {
+  let mut res = Generators { G: Vec::with_capacity(MAX_MN), H: Vec::with_capacity(MAX_MN) };
+  for i in 0 .. MAX_MN {
+    let i = 2 * i;
+
+    let mut even = H().compress().to_bytes().to_vec();
+    even.extend(dst);
+    let mut odd = even.clone();
+
+    write_varint(&i.try_into().unwrap(), &mut even).unwrap();
+    write_varint(&(i + 1).try_into().unwrap(), &mut odd).unwrap();
+    res.H.push(EdwardsPoint(hash_to_point(hash(&even))));
+    res.G.push(EdwardsPoint(hash_to_point(hash(&odd))));
+  }
+  res
+}

coins/monero/generators/src/tests/hash_to_point.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+use crate::{decompress_point, hash_to_point};
+
+#[test]
+fn crypto_tests() {
+  // tests.txt file copied from monero repo
+  // https://github.com/monero-project/monero/
+  //   blob/ac02af92867590ca80b2779a7bbeafa99ff94dcb/tests/crypto/tests.txt
+  let reader = include_str!("./tests.txt");
+
+  for line in reader.lines() {
+    let mut words = line.split_whitespace();
+    let command = words.next().unwrap();
+
+    match command {
+      "check_key" => {
+        let key = words.next().unwrap();
+        let expected = match words.next().unwrap() {
+          "true" => true,
+          "false" => false,
+          _ => unreachable!("invalid result"),
+        };
+
+        let actual = decompress_point(hex::decode(key).unwrap().try_into().unwrap());
+
+        assert_eq!(actual.is_some(), expected);
+      }
+      "hash_to_ec" => {
+        let bytes = words.next().unwrap();
+        let expected = words.next().unwrap();
+
+        let actual = hash_to_point(hex::decode(bytes).unwrap().try_into().unwrap());
+
+        assert_eq!(hex::encode(actual.compress().to_bytes()), expected);
+      }
+      _ => unreachable!("unknown command"),
+    }
+  }
+}

coins/monero/generators/src/tests/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+mod hash_to_point;

coins/monero/generators/src/tests/tests.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,628 @@
+check_key c2cb3cf3840aa9893e00ec77093d3d44dba7da840b51c48462072d58d8efd183 false
+check_key bd85a61bae0c101d826cbed54b1290f941d26e70607a07fc6f0ad611eb8f70a6 true
+check_key 328f81cad4eba24ab2bad7c0e56b1e2e7346e625bcb06ae649aef3ffa0b8bef3 false
+check_key 6016a5463b9e5a58c3410d3f892b76278883473c3f0b69459172d3de49e85abe true
+check_key 4c71282b2add07cdc6898a2622553f1ca4eb851e5cb121181628be5f3814c5b1 false
+check_key 69393c25c3b50e177f81f20f852dd604e768eb30052e23108b3cfa1a73f2736e true
+check_key 3d5a89b676cb84c2be3428d20a660dc6a37cae13912e127888a5132e8bac2163 true
+check_key 78cd665deb28cebc6208f307734c56fccdf5fa7e2933fadfcdd2b6246e9ae95c false
+check_key e03b2414e260580f86ee294cd4c636a5b153e617f704e81dad248fbf715b2ee4 true
+check_key 28c3503ce82d7cdc8e0d96c4553bcf0352bbcfc73925495dbe541e7e1df105fc false
+check_key 06855c3c3e0d03fec354059bda319b39916bdc10b6581e3f41b335ee7b014fd5 false
+check_key 556381485df0d7d5a268ab5ecfb2984b060acc63471183fcf538bf273b0c0cb5 true
+check_key c7f76d82ac64b1e7fdc32761ff00d6f0f7ada4cf223aa5a11187e3a02e1d5319 true
+check_key cfa85d8bdb6f633fcf031adee3a299ac42eeb6bd707744049f652f6322f5aa47 true
+check_key 91e9b63ced2b08979fee713365464cc3417c4f238f9bdd3396efbb3c58e195ee true
+check_key 7b56e76fe94bd30b3b2f2c4ba5fe4c504821753a8965eb1cbcf8896e2d6aba19 true
+check_key 7338df494bc416cf5edcc02069e067f39cb269ce67bd9faba956021ce3b3de3a false
+check_key f9a1f27b1618342a558379f4815fa5039a8fe9d98a09f45c1af857ba99231dc1 false
+check_key b2a1f37718180d4448a7fcb5f788048b1a7132dde1cfd25f0b9b01776a21c687 true
+check_key 0d3a0f9443a8b24510ad1e76a8117cca03bce416edfe35e3c2a2c2712454f8dc false
+check_key d8d3d806a76f120c4027dc9c9d741ad32e06861b9cfbc4ce39289c04e251bb3c false
+check_key 1e9e3ba7bc536cd113606842835d1f05b4b9e65875742f3a35bfb2d63164b5d5 true
+check_key 5c52d0087997a2cdf1d01ed0560d94b4bfd328cb741cb9a8d46ff50374b35a57 true
+check_key bb669d4d7ffc4b91a14defedcdbd96b330108b01adc63aa685e2165284c0033b false
+check_key d2709ae751a0a6fd796c98456fa95a7b64b75a3434f1caa3496eeaf5c14109b4 true
+check_key e0c238cba781684e655b10a7d4af04ab7ff2e7022182d7ed2279d6adf36b3e7a false
+check_key 34ebb4bf871572cee5c6935716fab8c8ec28feef4f039763d8f039b84a50bf4c false
+check_key 4730d4f38ec3f3b83e32e6335d2506df4ee39858848842c5a0184417fcc639e4 true
+check_key d42cf7fdf5e17e0a8a7f88505a2b7a3d297113bd93d3c20fa87e11509ec905a2 true
+check_key b757c95059cefabb0080d3a8ebca82e46efecfd29881be3121857f9d915e388c false
+check_key bbe777aaf04d02b96c0632f4b1c6f35f1c7bcbc5f22af192f92c077709a2b50b false
+check_key 73518522aabd28566f858c33fccb34b7a4de0e283f6f783f625604ee647afad9 true
+check_key f230622c4a8f6e516590466bd10f86b64fbef61695f6a054d37604e0b024d5af false
+check_key bc6b9a8379fd6c369f7c3bd9ddce58db6b78f27a41d798bb865c3920824d0943 false
+check_key 45a4f87c25898cd6be105fa1602b85c4d862782adaac8b85c996c4a2bcd8af47 true
+check_key eb4ad3561d21c4311affbd7cc2c7ff5fd509f72f88ba67dc097a75c31fdbd990 false
+check_key 2f34f4630c09a23b7ecc19f02b4190a26df69e07e13de8069ae5ff80d23762fc true
+check_key 2ea4e4fb5085eb5c8adee0d5ab7d35c67d74d343bd816cd13924536cffc2527c true
+check_key 5d35467ee6705a0d35818aa9ae94e4603c3e5500bfc4cf4c4f77a7160a597aa6 true
+check_key 8ff42bc76796e20c99b6e879369bd4b46a256db1366416291de9166e39d5a093 true
+check_key 0262ba718850df6c621e8a24cd9e4831c047e38818a89e15c7a06a489a4558e1 false
+check_key 58b29b2ba238b534b08fb46f05f430e61cb77dc251b0bb50afec1b6061fd9247 false
+check_key 153170e3dc2b0e1b368fc0d0e31053e872f094cdace9a2846367f0d9245a109b false
+check_key 40419d309d07522d493bb047ca9b5fb6c401aae226eefae6fd395f5bb9114200 true
+check_key 713068818d256ef69c78cd6082492013fbd48de3c9e7e076415dd0a692994504 true
+check_key a7218ee08e50781b0c87312d5e0031467e863c10081668e3792d96cbcee4e474 true
+check_key 356ce516b00e674ef1729c75b0a68090e7265cef675bbf32bf809495b67e9342 false
+check_key 52a5c053293675e3efd2c585047002ea6d77931cbf38f541b9070d319dc0d237 false
+check_key 77c0080bf157e069b18c4c604cc9505c5ec6f0f9930e087592d70507ca1b5534 false
+check_key e733bc41f880a4cfb1ca6f397916504130807289cacfca10b15f5b8d058ed1bf false
+check_key c4f1d3c884908a574ecea8be10e02277de35ef84a1d10f105f2be996f285161f true
+check_key aed677f7f69e146aa0863606ac580fc0bbdc22a88c4b4386abaa4bdfff66bcc9 false
+check_key 6ad0edf59769599af8caa986f502afc67aecbebb8107aaf5e7d3ae51d5cf8dd8 false
+check_key 64a0a70e99be1f775c222ee9cd6f1bee6f632cb9417899af398ff9aff70661c6 true
+check_key c63afaa03bb5c4ed7bc77aac175dbfb73f904440b2e3056a65850ac1bd261332 false
+check_key a4e89cd2471c26951513b1cfbdcf053a86575e095af52495276aa56ede8ce344 false
+check_key 2ce935d97f7c3ddb973de685d20f58ee39938fe557216328045ec2b83f3132be true
+check_key 3e3d38b1fca93c1559ac030d586616354c668aa76245a09e3fa6de55ac730973 true
+check_key 8b81b9681f76a4254007fd07ed1ded25fc675973ccb23afd06074805194733a4 false
+check_key 26d1c15dfc371489439e29bcef2afcf7ed01fac24960fdc2e7c20847a8067588 true
+check_key 85c1199b5a4591fc4cc36d23660648c1b9cfbb0e9c47199fa3eea33299a3dcec false
+check_key 60830ba5449c1f04ac54675dfc7cac7510106c4b7549852551f8fe65971123e2 false
+check_key 3e43c28c024597b3b836e4bc16905047cbf6e841b80e0b8cd6a325049070c2a5 false
+check_key 474792c16a0032343a6f28f4cb564747c3b1ea0b6a6b9a42f7c71d7cc3dd3b44 true
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+hash_to_ec 31b8e37d01fd5669de4ebf78889d749bc44ffe997186ace56f1fb3e60b8742d2 776366b44170efb130a5045597db5675c6c0b56f3def84863c6b6358aa8dcf40

coins/monero/generators/src/varint.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+use std_shims::io::{self, Write};
+
+const VARINT_CONTINUATION_MASK: u8 = 0b1000_0000;
+pub(crate) fn write_varint<W: Write>(varint: &u64, w: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> {
+  let mut varint = *varint;
+  while {
+    let mut b = u8::try_from(varint & u64::from(!VARINT_CONTINUATION_MASK)).unwrap();
+    varint >>= 7;
+    if varint != 0 {
+      b |= VARINT_CONTINUATION_MASK;
+    }
+    w.write_all(&[b])?;
+    varint != 0
+  } {}
+  Ok(())
+}

coins/monero/src/bin/reserialize_chain.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "binaries")]
+mod binaries {
+  pub(crate) use std::sync::Arc;
+
+  pub(crate) use curve25519_dalek::{scalar::Scalar, edwards::EdwardsPoint};
+
+  pub(crate) use multiexp::BatchVerifier;
+
+  pub(crate) use serde::Deserialize;
+  pub(crate) use serde_json::json;
+
+  pub(crate) use monero_serai::{
+    Commitment,
+    ringct::RctPrunable,
+    transaction::{Input, Transaction},
+    block::Block,
+    rpc::{RpcError, Rpc, HttpRpc},
+  };
+
+  pub(crate) use monero_generators::decompress_point;
+
+  pub(crate) use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
+
+  pub(crate) async fn check_block(rpc: Arc<Rpc<HttpRpc>>, block_i: usize) {
+    let hash = loop {
+      match rpc.get_block_hash(block_i).await {
+        Ok(hash) => break hash,
+        Err(RpcError::ConnectionError(e)) => {
+          println!("get_block_hash ConnectionError: {e}");
+          continue;
+        }
+        Err(e) => panic!("couldn't get block {block_i}'s hash: {e:?}"),
+      }
+    };
+
+    // TODO: Grab the JSON to also check it was deserialized correctly
+    #[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
+    struct BlockResponse {
+      blob: String,
+    }
+    let res: BlockResponse = loop {
+      match rpc.json_rpc_call("get_block", Some(json!({ "hash": hex::encode(hash) }))).await {
+        Ok(res) => break res,
+        Err(RpcError::ConnectionError(e)) => {
+          println!("get_block ConnectionError: {e}");
+          continue;
+        }
+        Err(e) => panic!("couldn't get block {block_i} via block.hash(): {e:?}"),
+      }
+    };
+
+    let blob = hex::decode(res.blob).expect("node returned non-hex block");
+    let block = Block::read(&mut blob.as_slice())
+      .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("couldn't deserialize block {block_i}: {e}"));
+    assert_eq!(block.hash(), hash, "hash differs");
+    assert_eq!(block.serialize(), blob, "serialization differs");
+
+    let txs_len = 1 + block.txs.len();
+
+    if !block.txs.is_empty() {
+      #[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
+      struct TransactionResponse {
+        tx_hash: String,
+        as_hex: String,
+      }
+      #[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
+      struct TransactionsResponse {
+        #[serde(default)]
+        missed_tx: Vec<String>,
+        txs: Vec<TransactionResponse>,
+      }
+
+      let mut hashes_hex = block.txs.iter().map(hex::encode).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+      let mut all_txs = vec![];
+      while !hashes_hex.is_empty() {
+        let txs: TransactionsResponse = loop {
+          match rpc
+            .rpc_call(
+              "get_transactions",
+              Some(json!({
+                "txs_hashes": hashes_hex.drain(.. hashes_hex.len().min(100)).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+              })),
+            )
+            .await
+          {
+            Ok(txs) => break txs,
+            Err(RpcError::ConnectionError(e)) => {
+              println!("get_transactions ConnectionError: {e}");
+              continue;
+            }
+            Err(e) => panic!("couldn't call get_transactions: {e:?}"),
+          }
+        };
+        assert!(txs.missed_tx.is_empty());
+        all_txs.extend(txs.txs);
+      }
+
+      let mut batch = BatchVerifier::new(block.txs.len());
+      for (tx_hash, tx_res) in block.txs.into_iter().zip(all_txs) {
+        assert_eq!(
+          tx_res.tx_hash,
+          hex::encode(tx_hash),
+          "node returned a transaction with different hash"
+        );
+
+        let tx = Transaction::read(
+          &mut hex::decode(&tx_res.as_hex).expect("node returned non-hex transaction").as_slice(),
+        )
+        .expect("couldn't deserialize transaction");
+
+        assert_eq!(
+          hex::encode(tx.serialize()),
+          tx_res.as_hex,
+          "Transaction serialization was different"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(tx.hash(), tx_hash, "Transaction hash was different");
+
+        if matches!(tx.rct_signatures.prunable, RctPrunable::Null) {
+          assert_eq!(tx.prefix.version, 1);
+          assert!(!tx.signatures.is_empty());
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        let sig_hash = tx.signature_hash();
+        // Verify all proofs we support proving for
+        // This is due to having debug_asserts calling verify within their proving, and CLSAG
+        // multisig explicitly calling verify as part of its signing process
+        // Accordingly, making sure our signature_hash algorithm is correct is great, and further
+        // making sure the verification functions are valid is appreciated
+        match tx.rct_signatures.prunable {
+          RctPrunable::Null |
+          RctPrunable::AggregateMlsagBorromean { .. } |
+          RctPrunable::MlsagBorromean { .. } => {}
+          RctPrunable::MlsagBulletproofs { bulletproofs, .. } => {
+            assert!(bulletproofs.batch_verify(
+              &mut rand_core::OsRng,
+              &mut batch,
+              (),
+              &tx.rct_signatures.base.commitments
+            ));
+          }
+          RctPrunable::Clsag { bulletproofs, clsags, pseudo_outs } => {
+            assert!(bulletproofs.batch_verify(
+              &mut rand_core::OsRng,
+              &mut batch,
+              (),
+              &tx.rct_signatures.base.commitments
+            ));
+
+            for (i, clsag) in clsags.into_iter().enumerate() {
+              let (amount, key_offsets, image) = match &tx.prefix.inputs[i] {
+                Input::Gen(_) => panic!("Input::Gen"),
+                Input::ToKey { amount, key_offsets, key_image } => (amount, key_offsets, key_image),
+              };
+
+              let mut running_sum = 0;
+              let mut actual_indexes = vec![];
+              for offset in key_offsets {
+                running_sum += offset;
+                actual_indexes.push(running_sum);
+              }
+
+              async fn get_outs(
+                rpc: &Rpc<HttpRpc>,
+                amount: u64,
+                indexes: &[u64],
+              ) -> Vec<[EdwardsPoint; 2]> {
+                #[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
+                struct Out {
+                  key: String,
+                  mask: String,
+                }
+
+                #[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
+                struct Outs {
+                  outs: Vec<Out>,
+                }
+
+                let outs: Outs = loop {
+                  match rpc
+                    .rpc_call(
+                      "get_outs",
+                      Some(json!({
+                        "get_txid": true,
+                        "outputs": indexes.iter().map(|o| json!({
+                          "amount": amount,
+                          "index": o
+                        })).collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                      })),
+                    )
+                    .await
+                  {
+                    Ok(outs) => break outs,
+                    Err(RpcError::ConnectionError(e)) => {
+                      println!("get_outs ConnectionError: {e}");
+                      continue;
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => panic!("couldn't connect to RPC to get outs: {e:?}"),
+                  }
+                };
+
+                let rpc_point = |point: &str| {
+                  decompress_point(
+                    hex::decode(point)
+                      .expect("invalid hex for ring member")
+                      .try_into()
+                      .expect("invalid point len for ring member"),
+                  )
+                  .expect("invalid point for ring member")
+                };
+
+                outs
+                  .outs
+                  .iter()
+                  .map(|out| {
+                    let mask = rpc_point(&out.mask);
+                    if amount != 0 {
+                      assert_eq!(mask, Commitment::new(Scalar::from(1u8), amount).calculate());
+                    }
+                    [rpc_point(&out.key), mask]
+                  })
+                  .collect()
+              }
+
+              clsag
+                .verify(
+                  &get_outs(&rpc, amount.unwrap_or(0), &actual_indexes).await,
+                  image,
+                  &pseudo_outs[i],
+                  &sig_hash,
+                )
+                .unwrap();
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      assert!(batch.verify_vartime());
+    }
+
+    println!("Deserialized, hashed, and reserialized {block_i} with {txs_len} TXs");
+  }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "binaries")]
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() {
+  use binaries::*;
+
+  let args = std::env::args().collect::<Vec<String>>();
+
+  // Read start block as the first arg
+  let mut block_i = args[1].parse::<usize>().expect("invalid start block");
+
+  // How many blocks to work on at once
+  let async_parallelism: usize =
+    args.get(2).unwrap_or(&"8".to_string()).parse::<usize>().expect("invalid parallelism argument");
+
+  // Read further args as RPC URLs
+  let default_nodes = vec![
+    "http://xmr-node.cakewallet.com:18081".to_string(),
+    "https://node.sethforprivacy.com".to_string(),
+  ];
+  let mut specified_nodes = vec![];
+  {
+    let mut i = 0;
+    loop {
+      let Some(node) = args.get(3 + i) else { break };
+      specified_nodes.push(node.clone());
+      i += 1;
+    }
+  }
+  let nodes = if specified_nodes.is_empty() { default_nodes } else { specified_nodes };
+
+  let rpc = |url: String| async move {
+    HttpRpc::new(url.clone())
+      .await
+      .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("couldn't create HttpRpc connected to {url}"))
+  };
+  let main_rpc = rpc(nodes[0].clone()).await;
+  let mut rpcs = vec![];
+  for i in 0 .. async_parallelism {
+    rpcs.push(Arc::new(rpc(nodes[i % nodes.len()].clone()).await));
+  }
+
+  let mut rpc_i = 0;
+  let mut handles: Vec<JoinHandle<()>> = vec![];
+  let mut height = 0;
+  loop {
+    let new_height = main_rpc.get_height().await.expect("couldn't call get_height");
+    if new_height == height {
+      break;
+    }
+    height = new_height;
+
+    while block_i < height {
+      if handles.len() >= async_parallelism {
+        // Guarantee one handle is complete
+        handles.swap_remove(0).await.unwrap();
+
+        // Remove all of the finished handles
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i < handles.len() {
+          if handles[i].is_finished() {
+            handles.swap_remove(i).await.unwrap();
+            continue;
+          }
+          i += 1;
+        }
+      }
+
+      handles.push(tokio::spawn(check_block(rpcs[rpc_i].clone(), block_i)));
+      rpc_i = (rpc_i + 1) % rpcs.len();
+      block_i += 1;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "binaries"))]
+fn main() {
+  panic!("To run binaries, please build with `--feature binaries`.");
+}

coins/monero/src/block.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,58 @@
-use crate::{
-  serialize::*,
-  transaction::Transaction
+use std_shims::{
+  vec::Vec,
+  io::{self, Read, Write},
 };
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+use crate::{
+  hash,
+  merkle::merkle_root,
+  serialize::*,
+  transaction::{Input, Transaction},
+};
+
+const CORRECT_BLOCK_HASH_202612: [u8; 32] =
+  hex_literal::hex!("426d16cff04c71f8b16340b722dc4010a2dd3831c22041431f772547ba6e331a");
+const EXISTING_BLOCK_HASH_202612: [u8; 32] =
+  hex_literal::hex!("bbd604d2ba11ba27935e006ed39c9bfdd99b76bf4a50654bc1e1e61217962698");
+
+/// The header of a [`Block`].
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 pub struct BlockHeader {
-  pub major_version: u64,
-  pub minor_version: u64,
+  /// This represents the hardfork number of the block.
+  pub major_version: u8,
+  /// This field is used to vote for a particular [hardfork](https://github.com/monero-project/monero/blob/c8214782fb2a769c57382a999eaf099691c836e7/src/cryptonote_basic/cryptonote_basic.h#L460).
+  pub minor_version: u8,
+  /// The UNIX time at which the block was mined.
   pub timestamp: u64,
+  /// The previous [`Block::hash`].
   pub previous: [u8; 32],
-  pub nonce: u32
+  /// The block's nonce.
+  pub nonce: u32,
 }
 
 impl BlockHeader {
-  pub fn serialize<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+  /// Serialize [`Self`] into the writer `w`.
+  ///
+  /// # Example
+  /// ```rust
+  /// # use monero_serai::block::*;
+  /// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+  /// let block_header = BlockHeader {
+  ///   major_version: 1,
+  ///   minor_version: 2,
+  ///   timestamp: 3,
+  ///   previous: [4; 32],
+  ///   nonce: 5,
+  /// };
+  ///
+  /// let mut writer = vec![];
+  /// block_header.write(&mut writer)?;
+  /// # }
+  /// ```
+  ///
+  /// # Errors
+  /// This function returns any errors from the writer itself.
+  pub fn write<W: Write>(&self, w: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> {
     write_varint(&self.major_version, w)?;
     write_varint(&self.minor_version, w)?;
     write_varint(&self.timestamp, w)?;
@@ -21,46 +60,165 @@ impl BlockHeader {
     w.write_all(&self.nonce.to_le_bytes())
   }
 
-  pub fn deserialize<R: std::io::Read>(r: &mut R) -> std::io::Result<BlockHeader> {
-    Ok(
-      BlockHeader {
-        major_version: read_varint(r)?,
-        minor_version: read_varint(r)?,
-        timestamp: read_varint(r)?,
-        previous: { let mut previous = [0; 32]; r.read_exact(&mut previous)?; previous },
-        nonce: { let mut nonce = [0; 4]; r.read_exact(&mut nonce)?; u32::from_le_bytes(nonce) }
-      }
-    )
+  /// Serialize [`Self`] into a new byte buffer.
+  ///
+  /// # Example
+  /// ```rust
+  /// # use monero_serai::block::*;
+  /// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+  /// let block_header = BlockHeader {
+  ///   major_version: 1,
+  ///   minor_version: 2,
+  ///   timestamp: 3,
+  ///   previous: [4; 32],
+  ///   nonce: 5,
+  /// };
+  ///
+  /// let mut writer = vec![];
+  /// block_header.write(&mut writer)?;
+  ///
+  /// let serialized = block_header.serialize();
+  /// assert_eq!(serialized, writer);
+  /// # }
+  /// ```
+  pub fn serialize(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut serialized = vec![];
+    self.write(&mut serialized).unwrap();
+    serialized
+  }
+
+  /// Create [`Self`] from the reader `r`.
+  ///
+  /// # Example
+  /// ```rust
+  /// # use monero_serai::block::*;
+  /// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+  /// let block_header = BlockHeader {
+  ///   major_version: 1,
+  ///   minor_version: 2,
+  ///   timestamp: 3,
+  ///   previous: [4; 32],
+  ///   nonce: 5,
+  /// };
+  ///
+  /// let mut vec = vec![];
+  /// block_header.write(&mut vec)?;
+  ///
+  /// let read = BlockHeader::read(& vec)?;
+  /// assert_eq!(read, block_header);
+  /// # }
+  /// ```
+  ///
+  /// # Errors
+  /// This function returns an error if either the reader failed,
+  /// or if the data could not be deserialized into a [`Self`].
+  pub fn read<R: Read>(r: &mut R) -> io::Result<BlockHeader> {
+    Ok(BlockHeader {
+      major_version: read_varint(r)?,
+      minor_version: read_varint(r)?,
+      timestamp: read_varint(r)?,
+      previous: read_bytes(r)?,
+      nonce: read_bytes(r).map(u32::from_le_bytes)?,
+    })
   }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+/// Block on the Monero blockchain.
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 pub struct Block {
+  /// The header of this block.
   pub header: BlockHeader,
+  /// The miner/coinbase transaction.
   pub miner_tx: Transaction,
-  pub txs: Vec<[u8; 32]>
+  /// Hashes of all the transactions within this block.
+  pub txs: Vec<[u8; 32]>,
 }
 
 impl Block {
-  pub fn serialize<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W) -> std::io::Result<()> {
-    self.header.serialize(w)?;
-    self.miner_tx.serialize(w)?;
-    write_varint(&self.txs.len().try_into().unwrap(), w)?;
+  /// Return the amount of Monero generated in this block in atomic units.
+  pub fn number(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+    match self.miner_tx.prefix.inputs.first() {
+      Some(Input::Gen(number)) => Some(*number),
+      _ => None,
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Serialize [`Self`] into the writer `w`.
+  ///
+  /// # Errors
+  /// This function returns any errors from the writer itself.
+  pub fn write<W: Write>(&self, w: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> {
+    self.header.write(w)?;
+    self.miner_tx.write(w)?;
+    write_varint(&self.txs.len(), w)?;
     for tx in &self.txs {
       w.write_all(tx)?;
     }
     Ok(())
   }
 
-  pub fn deserialize<R: std::io::Read>(r: &mut R) -> std::io::Result<Block> {
-    Ok(
-      Block {
-        header: BlockHeader::deserialize(r)?,
-        miner_tx: Transaction::deserialize(r)?,
-        txs: (0 .. read_varint(r)?).map(
-          |_| { let mut tx = [0; 32]; r.read_exact(&mut tx).map(|_| tx) }
-        ).collect::<Result<_, _>>()?
-      }
-    )
+  /// Return the merkle root of this block.
+  ///
+  /// In the case that this block has no transactions other than
+  /// the miner transaction, the miner transaction hash is returned,
+  /// i.e. the [`Transaction::hash`] of [`Self::miner_tx`] is returned.
+  fn tx_merkle_root(&self) -> [u8; 32] {
+    merkle_root(self.miner_tx.hash(), &self.txs)
+  }
+
+  /// Serialize the block as required for the proof of work hash.
+  ///
+  /// This is distinct from the serialization required for the block hash. To get the block hash,
+  /// use the [`Block::hash`] function.
+  pub fn serialize_hashable(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut blob = self.header.serialize();
+    blob.extend_from_slice(&self.tx_merkle_root());
+    write_varint(&(1 + u64::try_from(self.txs.len()).unwrap()), &mut blob).unwrap();
+
+    blob
+  }
+
+  /// Calculate the hash of this block.
+  pub fn hash(&self) -> [u8; 32] {
+    let mut hashable = self.serialize_hashable();
+    // Monero pre-appends a VarInt of the block hashing blobs length before getting the block hash
+    // but doesn't do this when getting the proof of work hash :)
+    let mut hashing_blob = Vec::with_capacity(8 + hashable.len());
+    write_varint(&u64::try_from(hashable.len()).unwrap(), &mut hashing_blob).unwrap();
+    hashing_blob.append(&mut hashable);
+
+    let hash = hash(&hashing_blob);
+    if hash == CORRECT_BLOCK_HASH_202612 {
+      return EXISTING_BLOCK_HASH_202612;
+    };
+
+    hash
+  }
+
+  /// Serialize [`Self`] into a new byte buffer.
+  pub fn serialize(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut serialized = vec![];
+    self.write(&mut serialized).unwrap();
+    serialized
+  }
+
+  /// Create [`Self`] from the reader `r`.
+  ///
+  /// # Errors
+  /// This function returns an error if either the reader failed,
+  /// or if the data could not be deserialized into a [`Self`].
+  pub fn read<R: Read>(r: &mut R) -> io::Result<Block> {
+    let header = BlockHeader::read(r)?;
+
+    let miner_tx = Transaction::read(r)?;
+    if !matches!(miner_tx.prefix.inputs.as_slice(), &[Input::Gen(_)]) {
+      Err(io::Error::other("Miner transaction has incorrect input type."))?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(Block {
+      header,
+      miner_tx,
+      txs: (0_usize..read_varint(r)?).map(|_| read_bytes(r)).collect::<Result<_, _>>()?,
+    })
   }
 }

coins/monero/src/frost.rs

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-use std::io::Read;
-
-use thiserror::Error;
-use rand_core::{RngCore, CryptoRng};
-
-use curve25519_dalek::{scalar::Scalar, edwards::EdwardsPoint};
-
-use group::{Group, GroupEncoding};
-
-use transcript::{Transcript, RecommendedTranscript};
-use dalek_ff_group as dfg;
-use dleq::DLEqProof;
-
-#[derive(Clone, Error, Debug)]
-pub enum MultisigError {
-  #[error("internal error ({0})")]
-  InternalError(String),
-  #[error("invalid discrete log equality proof")]
-  InvalidDLEqProof(u16),
-  #[error("invalid key image {0}")]
-  InvalidKeyImage(u16)
-}
-
-fn transcript() -> RecommendedTranscript {
-  RecommendedTranscript::new(b"monero_key_image_dleq")
-}
-
-#[allow(non_snake_case)]
-pub(crate) fn write_dleq<R: RngCore + CryptoRng>(
-  rng: &mut R,
-  H: EdwardsPoint,
-  x: Scalar
-) -> Vec<u8> {
-  let mut res = Vec::with_capacity(64);
-  DLEqProof::prove(
-    rng,
-    // Doesn't take in a larger transcript object due to the usage of this
-    // Every prover would immediately write their own DLEq proof, when they can only do so in
-    // the proper order if they want to reach consensus
-    // It'd be a poor API to have CLSAG define a new transcript solely to pass here, just to try to
-    // merge later in some form, when it should instead just merge xH (as it does)
-    &mut transcript(),
-    &[dfg::EdwardsPoint::generator(), dfg::EdwardsPoint(H)],
-    dfg::Scalar(x)
-  ).serialize(&mut res).unwrap();
-  res
-}
-
-#[allow(non_snake_case)]
-pub(crate) fn read_dleq<Re: Read>(
-  serialized: &mut Re,
-  H: EdwardsPoint,
-  l: u16,
-  xG: dfg::EdwardsPoint
-) -> Result<dfg::EdwardsPoint, MultisigError> {
-  let mut bytes = [0; 32];
-  serialized.read_exact(&mut bytes).map_err(|_| MultisigError::InvalidDLEqProof(l))?;
-  // dfg ensures the point is torsion free
-  let xH = Option::<dfg::EdwardsPoint>::from(
-    dfg::EdwardsPoint::from_bytes(&bytes)).ok_or(MultisigError::InvalidDLEqProof(l)
-  )?;
-  // Ensure this is a canonical point
-  if xH.to_bytes() != bytes {
-    Err(MultisigError::InvalidDLEqProof(l))?;
-  }
-
-  DLEqProof::<dfg::EdwardsPoint>::deserialize(
-    serialized
-  ).map_err(|_| MultisigError::InvalidDLEqProof(l))?.verify(
-    &mut transcript(),
-    &[dfg::EdwardsPoint::generator(), dfg::EdwardsPoint(H)],
-    &[xG, xH]
-  ).map_err(|_| MultisigError::InvalidDLEqProof(l))?;
-
-  Ok(xH)
-}

coins/monero/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,100 +1,308 @@
-use std::slice;
+#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
+#![doc = include_str!("../README.md")]
+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate alloc;
+
+use std_shims::{sync::OnceLock, io};
 
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use rand_core::{RngCore, CryptoRng};
 
-use subtle::ConstantTimeEq;
+use zeroize::{Zeroize, ZeroizeOnDrop};
 
-use tiny_keccak::{Hasher, Keccak};
+use sha3::{Digest, Keccak256};
 
 use curve25519_dalek::{
-  constants::ED25519_BASEPOINT_TABLE,
+  constants::{ED25519_BASEPOINT_TABLE, ED25519_BASEPOINT_POINT},
   scalar::Scalar,
-  edwards::{EdwardsPoint, EdwardsBasepointTable, CompressedEdwardsY}
+  edwards::{EdwardsPoint, VartimeEdwardsPrecomputation},
+  traits::VartimePrecomputedMultiscalarMul,
 };
 
-#[cfg(feature = "multisig")]
-pub mod frost;
+pub use monero_generators::{H, decompress_point};
+
+mod merkle;
 
 mod serialize;
+use serialize::{read_byte, read_u16};
 
+/// UnreducedScalar struct with functionality for recovering incorrectly reduced scalars.
+mod unreduced_scalar;
+
+/// Ring Signature structs and functionality.
+pub mod ring_signatures;
+
+/// RingCT structs and functionality.
 pub mod ringct;
+use ringct::RctType;
 
+/// Transaction structs.
 pub mod transaction;
+/// Block structs.
 pub mod block;
 
+/// Monero daemon RPC interface.
 pub mod rpc;
+/// Wallet functionality, enabling scanning and sending transactions.
 pub mod wallet;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
 
-lazy_static! {
-  static ref H: EdwardsPoint = CompressedEdwardsY(
-    hex::decode("8b655970153799af2aeadc9ff1add0ea6c7251d54154cfa92c173a0dd39c1f94").unwrap().try_into().unwrap()
-  ).decompress().unwrap();
-  static ref H_TABLE: EdwardsBasepointTable = EdwardsBasepointTable::create(&*H);
+/// Default block lock time for transactions.
+///
+/// This is the amount of new blocks that must
+/// pass before a new transaction can be spent.
+///
+/// Equivalent to Monero's [`CRYPTONOTE_DEFAULT_TX_SPENDABLE_AGE`](https://github.com/monero-project/monero/blob/c8214782fb2a769c57382a999eaf099691c836e7/src/cryptonote_config.h#L49).
+pub const DEFAULT_LOCK_WINDOW: usize = 10;
+/// Block lock time for coinbase transactions.
+///
+/// This is the amount of new blocks that must
+/// pass before a coinbase/miner transaction can be spent.
+///
+/// Equivalent to Monero's [`CRYPTONOTE_MINED_MONEY_UNLOCK_WINDOW`](https://github.com/monero-project/monero/blob/c8214782fb2a769c57382a999eaf099691c836e7/src/cryptonote_config.h#L44).
+pub const COINBASE_LOCK_WINDOW: usize = 60;
+/// Average amount of seconds it takes for a block to be mined.
+///
+/// This is target amount of seconds mining difficulty will adjust to,
+/// i.e. a block will be mined every `BLOCK_TIME` seconds on average.
+///
+/// Equivalent to Monero's [`DIFFICULTY_TARGET_V2`](https://github.com/monero-project/monero/blob/c8214782fb2a769c57382a999eaf099691c836e7/src/cryptonote_config.h#L44).
+pub const BLOCK_TIME: usize = 120;
+
+static INV_EIGHT_CELL: OnceLock<Scalar> = OnceLock::new();
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+pub(crate) fn INV_EIGHT() -> Scalar {
+  *INV_EIGHT_CELL.get_or_init(|| Scalar::from(8u8).invert())
 }
 
-// Function from libsodium our subsection of Monero relies on. Implementing it here means we don't
-// need to link against libsodium
-#[no_mangle]
-unsafe extern "C" fn crypto_verify_32(a: *const u8, b: *const u8) -> isize {
-  isize::from(
-    slice::from_raw_parts(a, 32).ct_eq(slice::from_raw_parts(b, 32)).unwrap_u8()
-  ) - 1
+static BASEPOINT_PRECOMP_CELL: OnceLock<VartimeEdwardsPrecomputation> = OnceLock::new();
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+pub(crate) fn BASEPOINT_PRECOMP() -> &'static VartimeEdwardsPrecomputation {
+  BASEPOINT_PRECOMP_CELL
+    .get_or_init(|| VartimeEdwardsPrecomputation::new([ED25519_BASEPOINT_POINT]))
 }
 
-// Offer a wide reduction to C. Our seeded RNG prevented Monero from defining an unbiased scalar
-// generation function, and in order to not use Monero code (which would require propagating its
-// license), the function was rewritten. It was rewritten with wide reduction, instead of rejection
-// sampling however, hence the need for this function
-#[no_mangle]
-unsafe extern "C" fn monero_wide_reduce(value: *mut u8) {
-  let res = Scalar::from_bytes_mod_order_wide(
-    std::slice::from_raw_parts(value, 64).try_into().unwrap()
-  );
-  for (i, b) in res.to_bytes().iter().enumerate() {
-    value.add(i).write(*b);
+/// Monero protocol version.
+///
+/// v15 is omitted as v15 was simply v14 and v16 being active at the same time, with regards to the
+/// transactions supported. Accordingly, v16 should be used during v15.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Zeroize)]
+#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+pub enum Protocol {
+  /// Version 14.
+  v14,
+  /// Version 16.
+  v16,
+  /// A custom version with customized properties.
+  Custom {
+    /// See [`Self::ring_len`].
+    ring_len: usize,
+    /// See [`Self::bp_plus`].
+    bp_plus: bool,
+    /// See [`Self::optimal_rct_type`].
+    optimal_rct_type: RctType,
+    /// See [`Self::view_tags`].
+    view_tags: bool,
+    /// See [`Self::v16_fee`].
+    v16_fee: bool,
+  },
+}
+
+impl Protocol {
+  /// Amount of ring members under this protocol version.
+  ///
+  /// # Example
+  /// ```rust
+  /// # use monero_serai::*;
+  /// assert_eq!(Protocol::v14.ring_len(), 11);
+  /// assert_eq!(Protocol::v16.ring_len(), 16);
+  /// ```
+  pub fn ring_len(&self) -> usize {
+    match self {
+      Protocol::v14 => 11,
+      Protocol::v16 => 16,
+      Protocol::Custom { ring_len, .. } => *ring_len,
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Whether or not the specified version uses Bulletproofs or Bulletproofs+.
+  ///
+  /// This method will likely be reworked when versions not using Bulletproofs at all are added.
+  ///
+  /// # Example
+  /// ```rust
+  /// # use monero_serai::*;
+  /// assert_eq!(Protocol::v14.bp_plus(), false);
+  /// assert_eq!(Protocol::v16.bp_plus(), true);
+  /// ```
+  pub fn bp_plus(&self) -> bool {
+    match self {
+      Protocol::v14 => false,
+      Protocol::v16 => true,
+      Protocol::Custom { bp_plus, .. } => *bp_plus,
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// The optimal RingCT type for this version.
+  ///
+  /// # Example
+  /// ```rust
+  /// # use monero_serai::{*, ringct::*};
+  /// assert_eq!(Protocol::v14.optimal_rct_type(), RctType::Clsag);
+  /// assert_eq!(Protocol::v16.optimal_rct_type(), RctType::BulletproofsPlus);
+  /// ```
+  // TODO: Make this an Option when we support pre-RCT protocols
+  pub fn optimal_rct_type(&self) -> RctType {
+    match self {
+      Protocol::v14 => RctType::Clsag,
+      Protocol::v16 => RctType::BulletproofsPlus,
+      Protocol::Custom { optimal_rct_type, .. } => *optimal_rct_type,
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Whether or not the specified version uses view tags.
+  ///
+  /// # Example
+  /// ```rust
+  /// # use monero_serai::{*, ringct::*};
+  /// assert_eq!(Protocol::v14.view_tags(), false);
+  /// assert_eq!(Protocol::v16.view_tags(), true);
+  /// ```
+  pub fn view_tags(&self) -> bool {
+    match self {
+      Protocol::v14 => false,
+      Protocol::v16 => true,
+      Protocol::Custom { view_tags, .. } => *view_tags,
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Whether or not the specified version uses the fee algorithm from Monero
+  /// hard fork version 16 (released in v18 binaries).
+  ///
+  /// # Example
+  /// ```rust
+  /// # use monero_serai::{*, ringct::*};
+  /// assert_eq!(Protocol::v14.v16_fee(), false);
+  /// assert_eq!(Protocol::v16.v16_fee(), true);
+  /// ```
+  pub fn v16_fee(&self) -> bool {
+    match self {
+      Protocol::v14 => false,
+      Protocol::v16 => true,
+      Protocol::Custom { v16_fee, .. } => *v16_fee,
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub(crate) fn write<W: io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> {
+    match self {
+      Protocol::v14 => w.write_all(&[0, 14]),
+      Protocol::v16 => w.write_all(&[0, 16]),
+      Protocol::Custom { ring_len, bp_plus, optimal_rct_type, view_tags, v16_fee } => {
+        // Custom, version 0
+        w.write_all(&[1, 0])?;
+        w.write_all(&u16::try_from(*ring_len).unwrap().to_le_bytes())?;
+        w.write_all(&[u8::from(*bp_plus)])?;
+        w.write_all(&[optimal_rct_type.to_byte()])?;
+        w.write_all(&[u8::from(*view_tags)])?;
+        w.write_all(&[u8::from(*v16_fee)])
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub(crate) fn read<R: io::Read>(r: &mut R) -> io::Result<Protocol> {
+    Ok(match read_byte(r)? {
+      // Monero protocol
+      0 => match read_byte(r)? {
+        14 => Protocol::v14,
+        16 => Protocol::v16,
+        _ => Err(io::Error::other("unrecognized monero protocol"))?,
+      },
+      // Custom
+      1 => match read_byte(r)? {
+        0 => Protocol::Custom {
+          ring_len: read_u16(r)?.into(),
+          bp_plus: match read_byte(r)? {
+            0 => false,
+            1 => true,
+            _ => Err(io::Error::other("invalid bool serialization"))?,
+          },
+          optimal_rct_type: RctType::from_byte(read_byte(r)?)
+            .ok_or_else(|| io::Error::other("invalid RctType serialization"))?,
+          view_tags: match read_byte(r)? {
+            0 => false,
+            1 => true,
+            _ => Err(io::Error::other("invalid bool serialization"))?,
+          },
+          v16_fee: match read_byte(r)? {
+            0 => false,
+            1 => true,
+            _ => Err(io::Error::other("invalid bool serialization"))?,
+          },
+        },
+        _ => Err(io::Error::other("unrecognized custom protocol serialization"))?,
+      },
+      _ => Err(io::Error::other("unrecognized protocol serialization"))?,
+    })
   }
 }
 
+/// Transparent structure representing a [https://web.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/pedersen-commitment.html]()'s contents.
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Zeroize, ZeroizeOnDrop)]
 pub struct Commitment {
+  /// The value used to mask the `amount`.
   pub mask: Scalar,
-  pub amount: u64
+  /// The value being masked.
+  ///
+  /// In Monero's case, this is the amount of XMR in atomic units.
+  pub amount: u64,
+}
+
+impl core::fmt::Debug for Commitment {
+  fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), core::fmt::Error> {
+    fmt.debug_struct("Commitment").field("amount", &self.amount).finish_non_exhaustive()
+  }
 }
 
 impl Commitment {
+  /// A commitment to zero, defined with a mask of 1 (as to not be the identity).
   pub fn zero() -> Commitment {
-    Commitment { mask: Scalar::one(), amount: 0}
+    Commitment { mask: Scalar::ONE, amount: 0 }
   }
 
+  /// Create a new [`Self`].
   pub fn new(mask: Scalar, amount: u64) -> Commitment {
     Commitment { mask, amount }
   }
 
+  /// Calculate a Pedersen commitment, as a point, from the transparent structure.
   pub fn calculate(&self) -> EdwardsPoint {
-    (&self.mask * &ED25519_BASEPOINT_TABLE) + (&Scalar::from(self.amount) * &*H_TABLE)
+    (&self.mask * ED25519_BASEPOINT_TABLE) + (Scalar::from(self.amount) * H())
   }
 }
 
-// Allows using a modern rand as dalek's is notoriously dated
+/// Support generating a random scalar using a modern rand, as dalek's is notoriously dated.
 pub fn random_scalar<R: RngCore + CryptoRng>(rng: &mut R) -> Scalar {
   let mut r = [0; 64];
   rng.fill_bytes(&mut r);
   Scalar::from_bytes_mod_order_wide(&r)
 }
 
-pub fn hash(data: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {
-  let mut keccak = Keccak::v256();
-  keccak.update(data);
-  let mut res = [0; 32];
-  keccak.finalize(&mut res);
-  res
+pub(crate) fn hash(data: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {
+  Keccak256::digest(data).into()
 }
 
+/// Hash the provided data to a scalar via keccak256(data) % l.
 pub fn hash_to_scalar(data: &[u8]) -> Scalar {
-  Scalar::from_bytes_mod_order(hash(&data))
+  let scalar = Scalar::from_bytes_mod_order(hash(data));
+  // Monero will explicitly error in this case
+  // This library acknowledges its practical impossibility of it occurring, and doesn't bother to
+  // code in logic to handle it. That said, if it ever occurs, something must happen in order to
+  // not generate/verify a proof we believe to be valid when it isn't
+  assert!(scalar != Scalar::ZERO, "ZERO HASH: {data:?}");
+  scalar
 }

coins/monero/src/merkle.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+use std_shims::vec::Vec;
+
+use crate::hash;
+
+pub(crate) fn merkle_root(root: [u8; 32], leafs: &[[u8; 32]]) -> [u8; 32] {
+  match leafs.len() {
+    0 => root,
+    1 => hash(&[root, leafs[0]].concat()),
+    _ => {
+      let mut hashes = Vec::with_capacity(1 + leafs.len());
+      hashes.push(root);
+      hashes.extend(leafs);
+
+      // Monero preprocess this so the length is a power of 2
+      let mut high_pow_2 = 4; // 4 is the lowest value this can be
+      while high_pow_2 < hashes.len() {
+        high_pow_2 *= 2;
+      }
+      let low_pow_2 = high_pow_2 / 2;
+
+      // Merge right-most hashes until we're at the low_pow_2
+      {
+        let overage = hashes.len() - low_pow_2;
+        let mut rightmost = hashes.drain((low_pow_2 - overage) ..);
+        // This is true since we took overage from beneath and above low_pow_2, taking twice as
+        // many elements as overage
+        debug_assert_eq!(rightmost.len() % 2, 0);
+
+        let mut paired_hashes = Vec::with_capacity(overage);
+        while let Some(left) = rightmost.next() {
+          let right = rightmost.next().unwrap();
+          paired_hashes.push(hash(&[left.as_ref(), &right].concat()));
+        }
+        drop(rightmost);
+
+        hashes.extend(paired_hashes);
+        assert_eq!(hashes.len(), low_pow_2);
+      }
+
+      // Do a traditional pairing off
+      let mut new_hashes = Vec::with_capacity(hashes.len() / 2);
+      while hashes.len() > 1 {
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i < hashes.len() {
+          new_hashes.push(hash(&[hashes[i], hashes[i + 1]].concat()));
+          i += 2;
+        }
+
+        hashes = new_hashes;
+        new_hashes = Vec::with_capacity(hashes.len() / 2);
+      }
+      hashes[0]
+    }
+  }
+}