Thoroughly update versions and methodology

For hash-pinned dependencies, adds comments documenting the associated
versions.

Adds a pin to `slither-analyzer` which was prior missing.

Updates to Monero 0.18.4.4.

`mimalloc` now has the correct option set when building for `musl`. A C++
compiler is no longer required in its Docker image.

The runtime's `Dockerfile` now symlinks a `libc.so` already present on the
image instead of creating one itself. It also builds the runtime within the
image to ensure it only happens once. The test to ensure the methodology is
reproducible has been updated to not simply create containers from the image,
yet rebuild the image entirely, accordingly. This also is more robust and
arguably should have already been done.

The pin to the exact hash of the `patch-polkadot-sdk` repo in every
`Cargo.toml` has been removed. The lockfile already serves that role,
simplifying updating in the future.

The latest Rust nightly is adopted as well (superseding
https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/pull/697).

The `librocksdb-sys` patch is replaced with a `kvdb-rocksdb` patch, removing a
git dependency, thanks to https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common/pull/950.

.github/actions/bitcoin/action.yml

@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ inputs:
   version:
     description: "Version to download and run"
     required: false
-    default: "29.1"
+    default: "30.0"
 
 runs:
   using: "composite"
   steps:
     - name: Bitcoin Daemon Cache
       id: cache-bitcoind
-      uses: actions/cache@0400d5f644dc74513175e3cd8d07132dd4860809
+      uses: actions/cache@0400d5f644dc74513175e3cd8d07132dd4860809 # 4.2.4
       with:
         path: bitcoin.tar.gz
         key: bitcoind-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ inputs.version }}

.github/actions/build-dependencies/action.yml

@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ runs:
     - name: Install solc
       shell: bash
       run: |
-        cargo +1.90 install svm-rs --version =0.5.19
-        svm install 0.8.26
-        svm use 0.8.26
+        cargo +1.91.1 install svm-rs --version =0.5.21
+        svm install 0.8.29
+        svm use 0.8.29
 
     - name: Remove preinstalled Docker
       shell: bash
@@ -75,11 +75,8 @@ runs:
       if: runner.os == 'Linux'
 
     - name: Install rootless Docker
-      uses: docker/setup-docker-action@b60f85385d03ac8acfca6d9996982511d8620a19
+      uses: docker/setup-docker-action@e61617a16c407a86262fb923c35a616ddbe070b3 # 4.6.0
       with:
         rootless: true
         set-host: true
       if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-
-    # - name: Cache Rust
-    #   uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@a95ba195448af2da9b00fb742d14ffaaf3c21f43

.github/actions/monero-wallet-rpc/action.yml

@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ inputs:
   version:
     description: "Version to download and run"
     required: false
-    default: v0.18.3.4
+    default: v0.18.4.4
 
 runs:
   using: "composite"
   steps:
     - name: Monero Wallet RPC Cache
       id: cache-monero-wallet-rpc
-      uses: actions/cache@0400d5f644dc74513175e3cd8d07132dd4860809
+      uses: actions/cache@0400d5f644dc74513175e3cd8d07132dd4860809 # 4.2.4
       with:
         path: monero-wallet-rpc
         key: monero-wallet-rpc-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ inputs.version }}

.github/actions/monero/action.yml

@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ inputs:
   version:
     description: "Version to download and run"
     required: false
-    default: v0.18.3.4
+    default: v0.18.4.4
 
 runs:
   using: "composite"
   steps:
     - name: Monero Daemon Cache
       id: cache-monerod
-      uses: actions/cache@0400d5f644dc74513175e3cd8d07132dd4860809
+      uses: actions/cache@0400d5f644dc74513175e3cd8d07132dd4860809 # 4.2.4
       with:
         path: /usr/bin/monerod
         key: monerod-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ inputs.version }}

.github/actions/test-dependencies/action.yml

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ inputs:
   monero-version:
     description: "Monero version to download and run as a regtest node"
     required: false
-    default: v0.18.3.4
+    default: v0.18.4.4
 
   bitcoin-version:
     description: "Bitcoin version to download and run as a regtest node"
     required: false
-    default: "29.1"
+    default: "30.0"
 
 runs:
   using: "composite"
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ runs:
       uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
 
     - name: Install Foundry
-      uses: foundry-rs/foundry-toolchain@8f1998e9878d786675189ef566a2e4bf24869773
+      uses: foundry-rs/foundry-toolchain@50d5a8956f2e319df19e6b57539d7e2acb9f8c1e # 1.5.0
       with:
-        version: nightly-f625d0fa7c51e65b4bf1e8f7931cd1c6e2e285e9
+        version: v1.5.0
         cache: false
 
     - name: Run a Monero Regtest Node

.github/nightly-version

@@ -1 +1 @@
-nightly-2025-11-01
+nightly-2025-12-01

.github/workflows/common-tests.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
   test-common:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Build Dependencies
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies

.github/workflows/coordinator-tests.yml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Install Build Dependencies
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies

.github/workflows/crypto-tests.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
   test-crypto:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Build Dependencies
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies

.github/workflows/daily-deny.yml

@@ -9,16 +9,10 @@ jobs:
     name: Run cargo deny
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
-
-      - name: Advisory Cache
-        uses: actions/cache@0400d5f644dc74513175e3cd8d07132dd4860809
-        with:
-          path: ~/.cargo/advisory-db
-          key: rust-advisory-db
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Install cargo deny
-        run: cargo +1.90 install cargo-deny --version =0.18.4
+        run: cargo +1.91.1 install cargo-deny --version =0.18.6
 
       - name: Run cargo deny
         run: cargo deny -L error --all-features check --hide-inclusion-graph

.github/workflows/full-stack-tests.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Install Build Dependencies
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Get nightly version to use
         id: nightly
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
 
       - name: Install nightly rust
-        run: rustup toolchain install ${{ steps.nightly.outputs.version }} --profile minimal -t wasm32v1-none -c rust-src -c clippy
+        run: rustup toolchain install ${{ steps.nightly.outputs.version }} --profile minimal -t wasm32v1-none -c clippy
 
       - name: Run Clippy
         run: cargo +${{ steps.nightly.outputs.version }} clippy --all-features --all-targets -- -D warnings -A clippy::items_after_test_module
@@ -43,16 +43,10 @@ jobs:
   deny:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
-
-      - name: Advisory Cache
-        uses: actions/cache@0400d5f644dc74513175e3cd8d07132dd4860809
-        with:
-          path: ~/.cargo/advisory-db
-          key: rust-advisory-db
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Install cargo deny
-        run: cargo +1.90 install cargo-deny --version =0.18.4
+        run: cargo +1.91.1 install cargo-deny --version =0.18.6
 
       - name: Run cargo deny
         run: cargo deny -L error --all-features check --hide-inclusion-graph
@@ -60,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
   fmt:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Get nightly version to use
         id: nightly
@@ -73,10 +67,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run rustfmt
         run: cargo +${{ steps.nightly.outputs.version }} fmt -- --check
 
-      - name: Install foundry
-        uses: foundry-rs/foundry-toolchain@8f1998e9878d786675189ef566a2e4bf24869773
+      - name: Install Foundry
+        uses: foundry-rs/foundry-toolchain@50d5a8956f2e319df19e6b57539d7e2acb9f8c1e # 1.5.0
         with:
-          version: nightly-41d4e5437107f6f42c7711123890147bc736a609
+          version: v1.5.0
           cache: false
 
       - name: Run forge fmt
@@ -85,20 +79,20 @@ jobs:
   machete:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
       - name: Verify all dependencies are in use
         run: |
-          cargo +1.90 install cargo-machete --version =0.9.1
-          cargo +1.90 machete
+          cargo +1.91.1 install cargo-machete --version =0.9.1
+          cargo +1.91.1 machete
 
   msrv:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
       - name: Verify claimed `rust-version`
         shell: bash
         run: |
-          cargo +1.90 install cargo-msrv --version =0.18.4
+          cargo +1.91.1 install cargo-msrv --version =0.18.4
 
           function check_msrv {
             # We `cd` into the directory passed as the first argument, but will return to the
@@ -155,8 +149,6 @@ jobs:
             # Correct the last line, which was malleated to "],"
             members=$(echo "$members" | sed "$(echo "$members" | wc -l)s/\]\,/\]/")
 
-            # Don't check the patches
-            members=$(echo "$members" | grep -v "patches")
             # Don't check the following
             # Most of these are binaries, with the exception of the Substrate runtime which has a
             # bespoke build pipeline
@@ -191,16 +183,16 @@ jobs:
   slither:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
+
+      - name: Build Dependencies
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
+
       - name: Slither
         run: |
-          python3 -m pip install solc-select
-          solc-select install 0.8.26
-          solc-select use 0.8.26
+          python3 -m pip install slither-analyzer==0.11.3
 
-          python3 -m pip install slither-analyzer
-
-          slither --include-paths ./networks/ethereum/schnorr/contracts/Schnorr.sol
+          slither ./networks/ethereum/schnorr/contracts/Schnorr.sol
           slither --include-paths ./networks/ethereum/schnorr/contracts ./networks/ethereum/schnorr/contracts/tests/Schnorr.sol
           slither processor/ethereum/deployer/contracts/Deployer.sol
           slither processor/ethereum/erc20/contracts/IERC20.sol

.github/workflows/message-queue-tests.yml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Install Build Dependencies
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies

.github/workflows/mini-tests.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
   test-common:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Build Dependencies
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies

.github/workflows/monthly-nightly-update.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Update nightly
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
         with:
           submodules: "recursive"
 

.github/workflows/networks-tests.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
   test-networks:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Test Dependencies
         uses: ./.github/actions/test-dependencies

.github/workflows/no-std.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Install Build Dependencies
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies

.github/workflows/pages.yml

@@ -46,16 +46,16 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
       - name: Setup Ruby
-        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@44511735964dcb71245e7e55f72539531f7bc0eb
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@8aeb6ff8030dd539317f8e1769a044873b56ea71 # 1.268.0
         with:
           bundler-cache: true
           cache-version: 0
           working-directory: "${{ github.workspace }}/docs"
       - name: Setup Pages
         id: pages
-        uses: actions/configure-pages@983d7736d9b0ae728b81ab479565c72886d7745b
+        uses: actions/configure-pages@983d7736d9b0ae728b81ab479565c72886d7745b # 5.0.0
       - name: Build with Jekyll
         run: cd ${{ github.workspace }}/docs && bundle exec jekyll build --baseurl "${{ steps.pages.outputs.base_path }}"
         env:
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ jobs:
           mv target/doc docs/_site/rust
 
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@7b1f4a764d45c48632c6b24a0339c27f5614fb0b
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@7b1f4a764d45c48632c6b24a0339c27f5614fb0b # 4.0.0
         with:
           path: "docs/_site/"
 
@@ -88,4 +88,4 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
         id: deployment
-        uses: actions/deploy-pages@d6db90164ac5ed86f2b6aed7e0febac5b3c0c03e
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@d6db90164ac5ed86f2b6aed7e0febac5b3c0c03e # 4.0.5

.github/workflows/processor-tests.yml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Install Build Dependencies
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies

.github/workflows/reproducible-runtime.yml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Install Build Dependencies
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
   test-infra:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Build Dependencies
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ jobs:
             -p serai-monero-processor \
             -p tendermint-machine \
             -p tributary-sdk \
+            -p serai-cosign-types \
             -p serai-cosign \
             -p serai-coordinator-substrate \
             -p serai-coordinator-tributary \
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ jobs:
   test-substrate:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Build Dependencies
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
@@ -82,31 +83,33 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features \
             -p serai-primitives \
-            -p serai-coins-primitives \
-            -p serai-coins-pallet \
-            -p serai-dex-pallet \
-            -p serai-validator-sets-primitives \
-            -p serai-validator-sets-pallet \
-            -p serai-genesis-liquidity-primitives \
-            -p serai-genesis-liquidity-pallet \
-            -p serai-emissions-primitives \
-            -p serai-emissions-pallet \
-            -p serai-economic-security-pallet \
-            -p serai-in-instructions-primitives \
-            -p serai-in-instructions-pallet \
-            -p serai-signals-primitives \
-            -p serai-signals-pallet \
             -p serai-abi \
+            -p substrate-median \
+            -p serai-core-pallet \
+            -p serai-coins-pallet \
+            -p serai-validator-sets-pallet \
+            -p serai-signals-pallet \
+            -p serai-dex-pallet \
+            -p serai-genesis-liquidity-pallet \
+            -p serai-economic-security-pallet \
+            -p serai-emissions-pallet \
+            -p serai-in-instructions-pallet \
             -p serai-runtime \
             -p serai-node
+            -p serai-substrate-tests
 
   test-serai-client:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # 6.0.0
 
       - name: Build Dependencies
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
 
       - name: Run Tests
-        run: GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features -p serai-client
+        run: |
+          GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features -p serai-client-serai
+          GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features -p serai-client-bitcoin
+          GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features -p serai-client-ethereum
+          GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features -p serai-client-monero
+          GITHUB_CI=true RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo test --all-features -p serai-client

.gitignore

@@ -2,11 +2,10 @@ target
 
 # Don't commit any `Cargo.lock` which aren't the workspace's
 Cargo.lock
-!./Cargo.lock
+!/Cargo.lock
 
 # Don't commit any `Dockerfile`, as they're auto-generated, except the only one which isn't
 Dockerfile
-Dockerfile.fast-epoch
 !orchestration/runtime/Dockerfile
 
 .test-logs

Cargo.toml

@@ -62,13 +62,14 @@ members = [
   "processor/ethereum/primitives",
   "processor/ethereum/test-primitives",
   "processor/ethereum/deployer",
-  "processor/ethereum/router",
   "processor/ethereum/erc20",
+  "processor/ethereum/router",
   "processor/ethereum",
   "processor/monero",
 
   "coordinator/tributary-sdk/tendermint",
   "coordinator/tributary-sdk",
+  "coordinator/cosign/types",
   "coordinator/cosign",
   "coordinator/substrate",
   "coordinator/tributary",
@@ -77,34 +78,27 @@ members = [
   "coordinator",
 
   "substrate/primitives",
-
-  "substrate/coins/primitives",
-  "substrate/coins/pallet",
-
-  "substrate/dex/pallet",
-
-  "substrate/validator-sets/primitives",
-  "substrate/validator-sets/pallet",
-
-  "substrate/genesis-liquidity/primitives",
-  "substrate/genesis-liquidity/pallet",
-
-  "substrate/emissions/primitives",
-  "substrate/emissions/pallet",
-
-  "substrate/economic-security/pallet",
-
-  "substrate/in-instructions/primitives",
-  "substrate/in-instructions/pallet",
-
-  "substrate/signals/primitives",
-  "substrate/signals/pallet",
-
   "substrate/abi",
 
+  "substrate/median",
+
+  "substrate/core",
+  "substrate/coins",
+  "substrate/validator-sets",
+  "substrate/signals",
+  "substrate/dex",
+  "substrate/genesis-liquidity",
+  "substrate/economic-security",
+  "substrate/emissions",
+  "substrate/in-instructions",
+
   "substrate/runtime",
   "substrate/node",
 
+  "substrate/client/serai",
+  "substrate/client/bitcoin",
+  "substrate/client/ethereum",
+  "substrate/client/monero",
   "substrate/client",
 
   "orchestration",
@@ -117,6 +111,7 @@ members = [
   "tests/message-queue",
   # TODO "tests/processor",
   # TODO "tests/coordinator",
+  "tests/substrate",
   # TODO "tests/full-stack",
   "tests/reproducible-runtime",
 ]
@@ -138,11 +133,14 @@ dalek-ff-group = { opt-level = 3 }
 
 multiexp = { opt-level = 3 }
 
-monero-generators = { opt-level = 3 }
-monero-borromean = { opt-level = 3 }
-monero-bulletproofs = { opt-level = 3 }
+monero-io = { opt-level = 3 }
+monero-primitives = { opt-level = 3 }
+monero-ed25519 = { opt-level = 3 }
 monero-mlsag = { opt-level = 3 }
 monero-clsag = { opt-level = 3 }
+monero-borromean = { opt-level = 3 }
+monero-bulletproofs-generators = { opt-level = 3 }
+monero-bulletproofs = {opt-level = 3 }
 monero-oxide = { opt-level = 3 }
 
 # Always compile the eVRF DKG tree with optimizations as well
@@ -172,7 +170,14 @@ panic = "unwind"
 overflow-checks = true
 
 [patch.crates-io]
-# Dependencies from monero-oxide which originate from within our own tree
+# Point to empty crates for crates unused within in our tree
+alloy-eip2124 = { path = "patches/ethereum/alloy-eip2124" }
+ark-ff-3 = { package = "ark-ff", path = "patches/ethereum/ark-ff-0.3" }
+ark-ff-4 = { package = "ark-ff", path = "patches/ethereum/ark-ff-0.4" }
+c-kzg = { path = "patches/ethereum/c-kzg" }
+secp256k1-30 = { package = "secp256k1", path = "patches/ethereum/secp256k1-30" }
+
+# Dependencies from monero-oxide which originate from within our own tree,  potentially shimmed to account for deviations since publishing
 std-shims = { path = "patches/std-shims" }
 simple-request = { path = "patches/simple-request" }
 multiexp = { path = "crypto/multiexp" }
@@ -182,12 +187,18 @@ dalek-ff-group = { path = "patches/dalek-ff-group" }
 minimal-ed448 = { path = "crypto/ed448" }
 modular-frost = { path = "crypto/frost" }
 
+# Patch due to `std` now including the required functionality
+is_terminal_polyfill = { path = "./patches/is_terminal_polyfill" }
+# This has a non-deprecated `std` alternative since Rust's 2024 edition
+home = { path = "patches/home" }
+
+# Updates to the latest version
+darling = { path = "patches/darling" }
+thiserror = { path = "patches/thiserror" }
+
 # https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/lazy-static.rs/issues/201
 lazy_static = { git = "https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/lazy-static.rs", rev = "5735630d46572f1e5377c8f2ba0f79d18f53b10c" }
 
-# These has an `std` alternative since Rust's 2024 edition
-home = { path = "patches/home" }
-
 # directories-next was created because directories was unmaintained
 # directories-next is now unmaintained while directories is maintained
 # The directories author pulls in ridiculously pointless crates and prefers
@@ -196,16 +207,22 @@ home = { path = "patches/home" }
 option-ext = { path = "patches/option-ext" }
 directories-next = { path = "patches/directories-next" }
 
-# Patch to include `FromUniformBytes<64>` over Scalar
+# Patch from a fork back to upstream
+parity-bip39 = { path = "patches/parity-bip39" }
+
+# Patch to include `FromUniformBytes<64>` over `Scalar`
 k256 = { git = "https://github.com/kayabaNerve/elliptic-curves", rev = "4994c9ab163781a88cd4a49beae812a89a44e8c3" }
 p256 = { git = "https://github.com/kayabaNerve/elliptic-curves", rev = "4994c9ab163781a88cd4a49beae812a89a44e8c3" }
 
+# `jemalloc` conflicts with `mimalloc`, so patch to a `kvdb-rocksdb` which never exposes `jemalloc`
+kvdb-rocksdb = { path = "patches/kvdb-rocksdb" }
+
 [workspace.lints.clippy]
+incompatible_msrv = "allow" # Manually verified with a GitHub workflow
+manual_is_multiple_of = "allow"
 unwrap_or_default = "allow"
 map_unwrap_or = "allow"
 needless_continue = "allow"
-manual_is_multiple_of = "allow"
-incompatible_msrv = "allow" # Manually verified with a GitHub workflow
 borrow_as_ptr = "deny"
 cast_lossless = "deny"
 cast_possible_truncation = "deny"

common/db/Cargo.toml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/common/db"
 authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>"]
 keywords = []
 edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.65"
+rust-version = "1.77"
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 all-features = true
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-parity-db = { version = "0.5", default-features = false, optional = true }
+parity-db = { version = "0.5", default-features = false, features = ["arc"], optional = true }
 rocksdb = { version = "0.24", default-features = false, features = ["zstd"], optional = true }
 
 [features]

common/db/src/create_db.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub fn serai_db_key(
 ///
 /// Creates a unit struct and a default implementation for the `key`, `get`, and `set`. The macro
 /// uses a syntax similar to defining a function. Parameters are concatenated to produce a key,
-/// they must be `scale` encodable. The return type is used to auto encode and decode the database
+/// they must be `borsh` serializable. The return type is used to auto (de)serialize the database
 /// value bytes using `borsh`.
 ///
 /// # Arguments
@@ -54,11 +54,10 @@ macro_rules! create_db {
       )?;
       impl$(<$($generic_name: $generic_type),+>)? $field_name$(<$($generic_name),+>)? {
         pub(crate) fn key($($arg: $arg_type),*) -> Vec<u8> {
-          use scale::Encode;
           $crate::serai_db_key(
             stringify!($db_name).as_bytes(),
             stringify!($field_name).as_bytes(),
-            ($($arg),*).encode()
+            &borsh::to_vec(&($($arg),*)).unwrap(),
           )
         }
         pub(crate) fn set(

common/std-shims/src/sync.rs

@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ mod mutex_shim {
 pub use mutex_shim::{ShimMutex as Mutex, MutexGuard};
 
 #[rustversion::before(1.80)]
+pub use spin::Lazy as LazyLock;
+
+#[rustversion::since(1.80)]
 #[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
 pub use spin::Lazy as LazyLock;
 #[rustversion::since(1.80)]

coordinator/Cargo.toml

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ frost = { package = "modular-frost", path = "../crypto/frost" }
 frost-schnorrkel = { path = "../crypto/schnorrkel" }
 
 hex = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
-scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive", "bit-vec"] }
 borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive", "de_strict_order"] }
 
 zalloc = { path = "../common/zalloc" }
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ messages = { package = "serai-processor-messages", path = "../processor/messages
 message-queue = { package = "serai-message-queue", path = "../message-queue" }
 tributary-sdk = { path = "./tributary-sdk" }
 
-serai-client = { path = "../substrate/client", default-features = false, features = ["serai", "borsh"] }
+serai-client-serai = { path = "../substrate/client/serai", default-features = false }
 
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 env_logger = { version = "0.10", default-features = false, features = ["humantime"] }

coordinator/cosign/Cargo.toml

@@ -19,11 +19,9 @@ workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
 blake2 = { version = "0.11.0-rc.0", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
-schnorrkel = { version = "0.11", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
-scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive"] }
 borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive", "de_strict_order"] }
-serai-client = { path = "../../substrate/client", default-features = false, features = ["serai", "borsh"] }
+serai-client-serai = { path = "../../substrate/client/serai", default-features = false }
 
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
@@ -31,3 +29,5 @@ tokio = { version = "1", default-features = false }
 
 serai-db = { path = "../../common/db", version = "0.1.1" }
 serai-task = { path = "../../common/task", version = "0.1" }
+
+serai-cosign-types = { path = "./types" }

coordinator/cosign/src/intend.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,21 @@
 use core::future::Future;
 use std::{sync::Arc, collections::HashMap};
 
-use serai_client::{
-  primitives::{SeraiAddress, Amount},
-  validator_sets::primitives::ExternalValidatorSet,
-  Serai,
+use blake2::{Digest, Blake2b256};
+
+use serai_client_serai::{
+  abi::{
+    primitives::{
+      network_id::{ExternalNetworkId, NetworkId},
+      balance::Amount,
+      crypto::Public,
+      validator_sets::{Session, ExternalValidatorSet},
+      address::SeraiAddress,
+      merkle::IncrementalUnbalancedMerkleTree,
+    },
+    validator_sets::Event,
+  },
+  Serai, Events,
 };
 
 use serai_db::*;
@@ -12,9 +23,20 @@ use serai_task::ContinuallyRan;
 
 use crate::*;
 
+#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
+struct Set {
+  session: Session,
+  key: Public,
+  stake: Amount,
+}
+
 create_db!(
   CosignIntend {
     ScanCosignFrom: () -> u64,
+    BuildsUpon: () -> IncrementalUnbalancedMerkleTree,
+    Stakes: (network: ExternalNetworkId, validator: SeraiAddress) -> Amount,
+    Validators: (set: ExternalValidatorSet) -> Vec<SeraiAddress>,
+    LatestSet: (network: ExternalNetworkId) -> Set,
   }
 );
 
@@ -35,23 +57,38 @@ db_channel! {
 async fn block_has_events_justifying_a_cosign(
   serai: &Serai,
   block_number: u64,
-) -> Result<(Block, HasEvents), String> {
+) -> Result<(Block, Events, HasEvents), String> {
   let block = serai
-    .finalized_block_by_number(block_number)
+    .block_by_number(block_number)
     .await
     .map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?
     .ok_or_else(|| "couldn't get block which should've been finalized".to_string())?;
-  let serai = serai.as_of(block.hash());
+  let events = serai.events(block.header.hash()).await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?;
 
-  if !serai.validator_sets().key_gen_events().await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?.is_empty() {
-    return Ok((block, HasEvents::Notable));
+  if events.validator_sets().set_keys_events().next().is_some() {
+    return Ok((block, events, HasEvents::Notable));
   }
 
-  if !serai.coins().burn_with_instruction_events().await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?.is_empty() {
-    return Ok((block, HasEvents::NonNotable));
+  if events.coins().burn_with_instruction_events().next().is_some() {
+    return Ok((block, events, HasEvents::NonNotable));
   }
 
-  Ok((block, HasEvents::No))
+  Ok((block, events, HasEvents::No))
+}
+
+// Fetch the `ExternalValidatorSet`s, and their associated keys, used for cosigning as of this
+// block.
+fn cosigning_sets(getter: &impl Get) -> Vec<(ExternalValidatorSet, Public, Amount)> {
+  let mut sets = vec![];
+  for network in ExternalNetworkId::all() {
+    let Some(Set { session, key, stake }) = LatestSet::get(getter, network) else {
+      // If this network doesn't have usable keys, move on
+      continue;
+    };
+
+    sets.push((ExternalValidatorSet { network, session }, key, stake));
+  }
+  sets
 }
 
 /// A task to determine which blocks we should intend to cosign.
@@ -67,56 +104,108 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for CosignIntendTask<D> {
     async move {
       let start_block_number = ScanCosignFrom::get(&self.db).unwrap_or(1);
       let latest_block_number =
-        self.serai.latest_finalized_block().await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?.number();
+        self.serai.latest_finalized_block_number().await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?;
 
       for block_number in start_block_number ..= latest_block_number {
         let mut txn = self.db.txn();
 
-        let (block, mut has_events) =
+        let (block, events, mut has_events) =
           block_has_events_justifying_a_cosign(&self.serai, block_number)
             .await
             .map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?;
 
+        let mut builds_upon =
+          BuildsUpon::get(&txn).unwrap_or(IncrementalUnbalancedMerkleTree::new());
+
         // Check we are indexing a linear chain
-        if (block_number > 1) &&
-          (<[u8; 32]>::from(block.header.parent_hash) !=
-            SubstrateBlockHash::get(&txn, block_number - 1)
-              .expect("indexing a block but haven't indexed its parent"))
+        if block.header.builds_upon() !=
+          builds_upon.clone().calculate(serai_client_serai::abi::BLOCK_HEADER_BRANCH_TAG)
         {
           Err(format!(
             "node's block #{block_number} doesn't build upon the block #{} prior indexed",
             block_number - 1
           ))?;
         }
-        let block_hash = block.hash();
+        let block_hash = block.header.hash();
         SubstrateBlockHash::set(&mut txn, block_number, &block_hash);
+        builds_upon.append(
+          serai_client_serai::abi::BLOCK_HEADER_BRANCH_TAG,
+          Blake2b256::new_with_prefix([serai_client_serai::abi::BLOCK_HEADER_LEAF_TAG])
+            .chain_update(block_hash.0)
+            .finalize()
+            .into(),
+        );
+        BuildsUpon::set(&mut txn, &builds_upon);
+
+        // Update the stakes
+        for event in events.validator_sets().allocation_events() {
+          let Event::Allocation { validator, network, amount } = event else {
+            panic!("event from `allocation_events` wasn't `Event::Allocation`")
+          };
+          let Ok(network) = ExternalNetworkId::try_from(*network) else { continue };
+          let existing = Stakes::get(&txn, network, *validator).unwrap_or(Amount(0));
+          Stakes::set(&mut txn, network, *validator, &Amount(existing.0 + amount.0));
+        }
+        for event in events.validator_sets().deallocation_events() {
+          let Event::Deallocation { validator, network, amount, timeline: _ } = event else {
+            panic!("event from `deallocation_events` wasn't `Event::Deallocation`")
+          };
+          let Ok(network) = ExternalNetworkId::try_from(*network) else { continue };
+          let existing = Stakes::get(&txn, network, *validator).unwrap_or(Amount(0));
+          Stakes::set(&mut txn, network, *validator, &Amount(existing.0 - amount.0));
+        }
+
+        // Handle decided sets
+        for event in events.validator_sets().set_decided_events() {
+          let Event::SetDecided { set, validators } = event else {
+            panic!("event from `set_decided_events` wasn't `Event::SetDecided`")
+          };
+
+          let Ok(set) = ExternalValidatorSet::try_from(*set) else { continue };
+          Validators::set(
+            &mut txn,
+            set,
+            &validators.iter().map(|(validator, _key_shares)| *validator).collect(),
+          );
+        }
+
+        // Handle declarations of the latest set
+        for event in events.validator_sets().set_keys_events() {
+          let Event::SetKeys { set, key_pair } = event else {
+            panic!("event from `set_keys_events` wasn't `Event::SetKeys`")
+          };
+          let mut stake = 0;
+          for validator in
+            Validators::take(&mut txn, *set).expect("set which wasn't decided set keys")
+          {
+            stake += Stakes::get(&txn, set.network, validator).unwrap_or(Amount(0)).0;
+          }
+          LatestSet::set(
+            &mut txn,
+            set.network,
+            &Set { session: set.session, key: key_pair.0, stake: Amount(stake) },
+          );
+        }
 
         let global_session_for_this_block = LatestGlobalSessionIntended::get(&txn);
 
         // If this is notable, it creates a new global session, which we index into the database
         // now
         if has_events == HasEvents::Notable {
-          let serai = self.serai.as_of(block_hash);
-          let sets_and_keys = cosigning_sets(&serai).await?;
-          let global_session =
-            GlobalSession::id(sets_and_keys.iter().map(|(set, _key)| *set).collect());
+          let sets_and_keys_and_stakes = cosigning_sets(&txn);
+          let global_session = GlobalSession::id(
+            sets_and_keys_and_stakes.iter().map(|(set, _key, _stake)| *set).collect(),
+          );
 
-          let mut sets = Vec::with_capacity(sets_and_keys.len());
-          let mut keys = HashMap::with_capacity(sets_and_keys.len());
-          let mut stakes = HashMap::with_capacity(sets_and_keys.len());
+          let mut sets = Vec::with_capacity(sets_and_keys_and_stakes.len());
+          let mut keys = HashMap::with_capacity(sets_and_keys_and_stakes.len());
+          let mut stakes = HashMap::with_capacity(sets_and_keys_and_stakes.len());
           let mut total_stake = 0;
-          for (set, key) in &sets_and_keys {
-            sets.push(*set);
-            keys.insert(set.network, SeraiAddress::from(*key));
-            let stake = serai
-              .validator_sets()
-              .total_allocated_stake(set.network.into())
-              .await
-              .map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?
-              .unwrap_or(Amount(0))
-              .0;
-            stakes.insert(set.network, stake);
-            total_stake += stake;
+          for (set, key, stake) in sets_and_keys_and_stakes {
+            sets.push(set);
+            keys.insert(set.network, key);
+            stakes.insert(set.network, stake.0);
+            total_stake += stake.0;
           }
           if total_stake == 0 {
             Err(format!("cosigning sets for block #{block_number} had 0 stake in total"))?;

coordinator/cosign/src/lib.rs

@@ -7,18 +7,27 @@ use std::{sync::Arc, collections::HashMap, time::Instant};
 
 use blake2::{Digest, Blake2s256};
 
-use scale::{Encode, Decode};
 use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
 
-use serai_client::{
-  primitives::{ExternalNetworkId, SeraiAddress},
-  validator_sets::primitives::{Session, ExternalValidatorSet, KeyPair},
-  Public, Block, Serai, TemporalSerai,
+use serai_client_serai::{
+  abi::{
+    primitives::{
+      BlockHash,
+      crypto::{Public, KeyPair},
+      network_id::ExternalNetworkId,
+      validator_sets::{Session, ExternalValidatorSet},
+      address::SeraiAddress,
+    },
+    Block,
+  },
+  Serai, State,
 };
 
 use serai_db::*;
 use serai_task::*;
 
+pub use serai_cosign_types::*;
+
 /// The cosigns which are intended to be performed.
 mod intend;
 /// The evaluator of the cosigns.
@@ -28,9 +37,6 @@ mod delay;
 pub use delay::BROADCAST_FREQUENCY;
 use delay::LatestCosignedBlockNumber;
 
-/// The schnorrkel context to used when signing a cosign.
-pub const COSIGN_CONTEXT: &[u8] = b"/serai/coordinator/cosign";
-
 /// A 'global session', defined as all validator sets used for cosigning at a given moment.
 ///
 /// We evaluate cosign faults within a global session. This ensures even if cosigners cosign
@@ -53,7 +59,7 @@ pub const COSIGN_CONTEXT: &[u8] = b"/serai/coordinator/cosign";
 pub(crate) struct GlobalSession {
   pub(crate) start_block_number: u64,
   pub(crate) sets: Vec<ExternalValidatorSet>,
-  pub(crate) keys: HashMap<ExternalNetworkId, SeraiAddress>,
+  pub(crate) keys: HashMap<ExternalNetworkId, Public>,
   pub(crate) stakes: HashMap<ExternalNetworkId, u64>,
   pub(crate) total_stake: u64,
 }
@@ -78,74 +84,12 @@ enum HasEvents {
   No,
 }
 
-/// An intended cosign.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
-pub struct CosignIntent {
-  /// The global session this cosign is being performed under.
-  pub global_session: [u8; 32],
-  /// The number of the block to cosign.
-  pub block_number: u64,
-  /// The hash of the block to cosign.
-  pub block_hash: [u8; 32],
-  /// If this cosign must be handled before further cosigns are.
-  pub notable: bool,
-}
-
-/// A cosign.
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Encode, Decode, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
-pub struct Cosign {
-  /// The global session this cosign is being performed under.
-  pub global_session: [u8; 32],
-  /// The number of the block to cosign.
-  pub block_number: u64,
-  /// The hash of the block to cosign.
-  pub block_hash: [u8; 32],
-  /// The actual cosigner.
-  pub cosigner: ExternalNetworkId,
-}
-
-impl CosignIntent {
-  /// Convert this into a `Cosign`.
-  pub fn into_cosign(self, cosigner: ExternalNetworkId) -> Cosign {
-    let CosignIntent { global_session, block_number, block_hash, notable: _ } = self;
-    Cosign { global_session, block_number, block_hash, cosigner }
-  }
-}
-
-impl Cosign {
-  /// The message to sign to sign this cosign.
-  ///
-  /// This must be signed with schnorrkel, the context set to `COSIGN_CONTEXT`.
-  pub fn signature_message(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
-    // We use a schnorrkel context to domain-separate this
-    self.encode()
-  }
-}
-
-/// A signed cosign.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
-pub struct SignedCosign {
-  /// The cosign.
-  pub cosign: Cosign,
-  /// The signature for the cosign.
-  pub signature: [u8; 64],
-}
-
-impl SignedCosign {
-  fn verify_signature(&self, signer: serai_client::Public) -> bool {
-    let Ok(signer) = schnorrkel::PublicKey::from_bytes(&signer.0) else { return false };
-    let Ok(signature) = schnorrkel::Signature::from_bytes(&self.signature) else { return false };
-
-    signer.verify_simple(COSIGN_CONTEXT, &self.cosign.signature_message(), &signature).is_ok()
-  }
-}
-
 create_db! {
   Cosign {
     // The following are populated by the intend task and used throughout the library
 
     // An index of Substrate blocks
-    SubstrateBlockHash: (block_number: u64) -> [u8; 32],
+    SubstrateBlockHash: (block_number: u64) -> BlockHash,
     // A mapping from a global session's ID to its relevant information.
     GlobalSessions: (global_session: [u8; 32]) -> GlobalSession,
     // The last block to be cosigned by a global session.
@@ -177,60 +121,6 @@ create_db! {
   }
 }
 
-/// Fetch the keys used for cosigning by a specific network.
-async fn keys_for_network(
-  serai: &TemporalSerai<'_>,
-  network: ExternalNetworkId,
-) -> Result<Option<(Session, KeyPair)>, String> {
-  let Some(latest_session) =
-    serai.validator_sets().session(network.into()).await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?
-  else {
-    // If this network hasn't had a session declared, move on
-    return Ok(None);
-  };
-
-  // Get the keys for the latest session
-  if let Some(keys) = serai
-    .validator_sets()
-    .keys(ExternalValidatorSet { network, session: latest_session })
-    .await
-    .map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?
-  {
-    return Ok(Some((latest_session, keys)));
-  }
-
-  // If the latest session has yet to set keys, use the prior session
-  if let Some(prior_session) = latest_session.0.checked_sub(1).map(Session) {
-    if let Some(keys) = serai
-      .validator_sets()
-      .keys(ExternalValidatorSet { network, session: prior_session })
-      .await
-      .map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?
-    {
-      return Ok(Some((prior_session, keys)));
-    }
-  }
-
-  Ok(None)
-}
-
-/// Fetch the `ExternalValidatorSet`s, and their associated keys, used for cosigning as of this
-/// block.
-async fn cosigning_sets(
-  serai: &TemporalSerai<'_>,
-) -> Result<Vec<(ExternalValidatorSet, Public)>, String> {
-  let mut sets = Vec::with_capacity(serai_client::primitives::EXTERNAL_NETWORKS.len());
-  for network in serai_client::primitives::EXTERNAL_NETWORKS {
-    let Some((session, keys)) = keys_for_network(serai, network).await? else {
-      // If this network doesn't have usable keys, move on
-      continue;
-    };
-
-    sets.push((ExternalValidatorSet { network, session }, keys.0));
-  }
-  Ok(sets)
-}
-
 /// An object usable to request notable cosigns for a block.
 pub trait RequestNotableCosigns: 'static + Send {
   /// The error type which may be encountered when requesting notable cosigns.
@@ -331,7 +221,10 @@ impl<D: Db> Cosigning<D> {
   }
 
   /// Fetch a cosigned Substrate block's hash by its block number.
-  pub fn cosigned_block(getter: &impl Get, block_number: u64) -> Result<Option<[u8; 32]>, Faulted> {
+  pub fn cosigned_block(
+    getter: &impl Get,
+    block_number: u64,
+  ) -> Result<Option<BlockHash>, Faulted> {
     if block_number > Self::latest_cosigned_block_number(getter)? {
       return Ok(None);
     }
@@ -346,8 +239,8 @@ impl<D: Db> Cosigning<D> {
   /// If this global session hasn't produced any notable cosigns, this will return the latest
   /// cosigns for this session.
   pub fn notable_cosigns(getter: &impl Get, global_session: [u8; 32]) -> Vec<SignedCosign> {
-    let mut cosigns = Vec::with_capacity(serai_client::primitives::EXTERNAL_NETWORKS.len());
-    for network in serai_client::primitives::EXTERNAL_NETWORKS {
+    let mut cosigns = vec![];
+    for network in ExternalNetworkId::all() {
       if let Some(cosign) = NetworksLatestCosignedBlock::get(getter, global_session, network) {
         cosigns.push(cosign);
       }
@@ -364,7 +257,7 @@ impl<D: Db> Cosigning<D> {
       let mut cosigns = Faults::get(&self.db, faulted).expect("faulted with no faults");
       // Also include all of our recognized-as-honest cosigns in an attempt to induce fault
       // identification in those who see the faulty cosigns as honest
-      for network in serai_client::primitives::EXTERNAL_NETWORKS {
+      for network in ExternalNetworkId::all() {
         if let Some(cosign) = NetworksLatestCosignedBlock::get(&self.db, faulted, network) {
           if cosign.cosign.global_session == faulted {
             cosigns.push(cosign);
@@ -376,8 +269,8 @@ impl<D: Db> Cosigning<D> {
       let Some(global_session) = evaluator::currently_evaluated_global_session(&self.db) else {
         return vec![];
       };
-      let mut cosigns = Vec::with_capacity(serai_client::primitives::EXTERNAL_NETWORKS.len());
-      for network in serai_client::primitives::EXTERNAL_NETWORKS {
+      let mut cosigns = vec![];
+      for network in ExternalNetworkId::all() {
         if let Some(cosign) = NetworksLatestCosignedBlock::get(&self.db, global_session, network) {
           cosigns.push(cosign);
         }
@@ -432,13 +325,8 @@ impl<D: Db> Cosigning<D> {
 
     // Check the cosign's signature
     {
-      let key = Public::from({
-        let Some(key) = global_session.keys.get(&network) else {
-          Err(IntakeCosignError::NonParticipatingNetwork)?
-        };
-        *key
-      });
-
+      let key =
+        *global_session.keys.get(&network).ok_or(IntakeCosignError::NonParticipatingNetwork)?;
       if !signed_cosign.verify_signature(key) {
         Err(IntakeCosignError::InvalidSignature)?;
       }

coordinator/cosign/types/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[package]
+name = "serai-cosign-types"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "Evaluator of cosigns for the Serai network"
+license = "AGPL-3.0-only"
+repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/coordinator/cosign"
+authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>"]
+keywords = []
+edition = "2021"
+publish = false
+rust-version = "1.85"
+
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+all-features = true
+rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+schnorrkel = { version = "0.11", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+
+borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive", "de_strict_order"] }
+
+serai-primitives = { path = "../../../substrate/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }

coordinator/cosign/types/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg))]
+#![deny(missing_docs)]
+//! Types used when cosigning Serai. For more info, please see `serai-cosign`.
+use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
+
+use serai_primitives::{BlockHash, crypto::Public, network_id::ExternalNetworkId};
+
+/// The schnorrkel context to used when signing a cosign.
+pub const COSIGN_CONTEXT: &[u8] = b"/serai/coordinator/cosign";
+
+/// An intended cosign.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
+pub struct CosignIntent {
+  /// The global session this cosign is being performed under.
+  pub global_session: [u8; 32],
+  /// The number of the block to cosign.
+  pub block_number: u64,
+  /// The hash of the block to cosign.
+  pub block_hash: BlockHash,
+  /// If this cosign must be handled before further cosigns are.
+  pub notable: bool,
+}
+
+/// A cosign.
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
+pub struct Cosign {
+  /// The global session this cosign is being performed under.
+  pub global_session: [u8; 32],
+  /// The number of the block to cosign.
+  pub block_number: u64,
+  /// The hash of the block to cosign.
+  pub block_hash: BlockHash,
+  /// The actual cosigner.
+  pub cosigner: ExternalNetworkId,
+}
+
+impl CosignIntent {
+  /// Convert this into a `Cosign`.
+  pub fn into_cosign(self, cosigner: ExternalNetworkId) -> Cosign {
+    let CosignIntent { global_session, block_number, block_hash, notable: _ } = self;
+    Cosign { global_session, block_number, block_hash, cosigner }
+  }
+}
+
+impl Cosign {
+  /// The message to sign to sign this cosign.
+  ///
+  /// This must be signed with schnorrkel, the context set to `COSIGN_CONTEXT`.
+  pub fn signature_message(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+    // We use a schnorrkel context to domain-separate this
+    borsh::to_vec(self).unwrap()
+  }
+}
+
+/// A signed cosign.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
+pub struct SignedCosign {
+  /// The cosign.
+  pub cosign: Cosign,
+  /// The signature for the cosign.
+  pub signature: [u8; 64],
+}
+
+impl SignedCosign {
+  /// Verify a cosign's signature.
+  pub fn verify_signature(&self, signer: Public) -> bool {
+    let Ok(signer) = schnorrkel::PublicKey::from_bytes(&signer.0) else { return false };
+    let Ok(signature) = schnorrkel::Signature::from_bytes(&self.signature) else { return false };
+
+    signer.verify_simple(COSIGN_CONTEXT, &self.cosign.signature_message(), &signature).is_ok()
+  }
+}

coordinator/p2p/Cargo.toml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive",
 
 serai-db = { path = "../../common/db", version = "0.1" }
 
-serai-client = { path = "../../substrate/client", default-features = false, features = ["serai", "borsh"] }
+serai-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 serai-cosign = { path = "../cosign" }
 tributary-sdk = { path = "../tributary-sdk" }
 

coordinator/p2p/libp2p/Cargo.toml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ schnorrkel = { version = "0.11", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 hex = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive", "de_strict_order"] }
 
-serai-client = { path = "../../../substrate/client", default-features = false, features = ["serai", "borsh"] }
+serai-client-serai = { path = "../../../substrate/client/serai", default-features = false }
 serai-cosign = { path = "../../cosign" }
 tributary-sdk = { path = "../../tributary-sdk" }
 

coordinator/p2p/libp2p/src/authenticate.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use rand_core::{RngCore, OsRng};
 use blake2::{Digest, Blake2s256};
 use schnorrkel::{Keypair, PublicKey, Signature};
 
-use serai_client::primitives::PublicKey as Public;
+use serai_client_serai::abi::primitives::crypto::Public;
 
 use futures_util::{AsyncRead, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWrite, AsyncWriteExt};
 use libp2p::{
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl OnlyValidators {
       .verify_simple(PROTOCOL.as_bytes(), &msg, &sig)
       .map_err(|_| io::Error::other("invalid signature"))?;
 
-    Ok(peer_id_from_public(Public::from_raw(public_key.to_bytes())))
+    Ok(peer_id_from_public(Public(public_key.to_bytes())))
   }
 }
 

coordinator/p2p/libp2p/src/dial.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use core::future::Future;
+use core::{future::Future, str::FromStr};
 use std::{sync::Arc, collections::HashSet};
 
 use rand_core::{RngCore, OsRng};
 
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 
-use serai_client::{SeraiError, Serai};
+use serai_client_serai::{RpcError, Serai};
 
 use libp2p::{
   core::multiaddr::{Protocol, Multiaddr},
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl ContinuallyRan for DialTask {
   const DELAY_BETWEEN_ITERATIONS: u64 = 5 * 60;
   const MAX_DELAY_BETWEEN_ITERATIONS: u64 = 10 * 60;
 
-  type Error = SeraiError;
+  type Error = RpcError;
 
   fn run_iteration(&mut self) -> impl Send + Future<Output = Result<bool, Self::Error>> {
     async move {
@@ -94,6 +94,13 @@ impl ContinuallyRan for DialTask {
               usize::try_from(OsRng.next_u64() % u64::try_from(potential_peers.len()).unwrap())
                 .unwrap();
             let randomly_selected_peer = potential_peers.swap_remove(index_to_dial);
+            let Ok(randomly_selected_peer) = libp2p::Multiaddr::from_str(&randomly_selected_peer)
+            else {
+              log::error!(
+                "peer from substrate wasn't a valid `Multiaddr`: {randomly_selected_peer}"
+              );
+              continue;
+            };
 
             log::info!("found peer from substrate: {randomly_selected_peer}");
 

coordinator/p2p/libp2p/src/lib.rs

@@ -13,9 +13,10 @@ use rand_core::{RngCore, OsRng};
 use zeroize::Zeroizing;
 use schnorrkel::Keypair;
 
-use serai_client::{
-  primitives::{ExternalNetworkId, PublicKey},
-  validator_sets::primitives::ExternalValidatorSet,
+use serai_client_serai::{
+  abi::primitives::{
+    crypto::Public, network_id::ExternalNetworkId, validator_sets::ExternalValidatorSet,
+  },
   Serai,
 };
 
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ use dial::DialTask;
 
 const PORT: u16 = 30563; // 5132 ^ (('c' << 8) | 'o')
 
-fn peer_id_from_public(public: PublicKey) -> PeerId {
+fn peer_id_from_public(public: Public) -> PeerId {
   // 0 represents the identity Multihash, that no hash was performed
   // It's an internal constant so we can't refer to the constant inside libp2p
   PeerId::from_multihash(Multihash::wrap(0, &public.0).unwrap()).unwrap()

coordinator/p2p/libp2p/src/swarm.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::{
 
 use borsh::BorshDeserialize;
 
-use serai_client::validator_sets::primitives::ExternalValidatorSet;
+use serai_client_serai::abi::primitives::validator_sets::ExternalValidatorSet;
 
 use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot, RwLock};
 

coordinator/p2p/libp2p/src/validators.rs

@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ use std::{
   collections::{HashSet, HashMap},
 };
 
-use serai_client::{
-  primitives::ExternalNetworkId, validator_sets::primitives::Session, SeraiError, Serai,
-};
+use serai_client_serai::abi::primitives::{network_id::ExternalNetworkId, validator_sets::Session};
+use serai_client_serai::{RpcError, Serai};
 
 use serai_task::{Task, ContinuallyRan};
 
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ impl Validators {
   async fn session_changes(
     serai: impl Borrow<Serai>,
     sessions: impl Borrow<HashMap<ExternalNetworkId, Session>>,
-  ) -> Result<Vec<(ExternalNetworkId, Session, HashSet<PeerId>)>, SeraiError> {
+  ) -> Result<Vec<(ExternalNetworkId, Session, HashSet<PeerId>)>, RpcError> {
     /*
       This uses the latest finalized block, not the latest cosigned block, which should be fine as
       in the worst case, we'd connect to unexpected validators. They still shouldn't be able to
@@ -61,18 +60,18 @@ impl Validators {
 
       Besides, we can't connect to historical validators, only the current validators.
     */
-    let temporal_serai = serai.borrow().as_of_latest_finalized_block().await?;
-    let temporal_serai = temporal_serai.validator_sets();
+    let serai = serai.borrow().state().await?;
 
     let mut session_changes = vec![];
     {
       // FuturesUnordered can be bad practice as it'll cause timeouts if infrequently polled, but
       // we poll it till it yields all futures with the most minimal processing possible
       let mut futures = FuturesUnordered::new();
-      for network in serai_client::primitives::EXTERNAL_NETWORKS {
+      for network in ExternalNetworkId::all() {
         let sessions = sessions.borrow();
+        let serai = serai.borrow();
         futures.push(async move {
-          let session = match temporal_serai.session(network.into()).await {
+          let session = match serai.current_session(network.into()).await {
             Ok(Some(session)) => session,
             Ok(None) => return Ok(None),
             Err(e) => return Err(e),
@@ -81,12 +80,16 @@ impl Validators {
           if sessions.get(&network) == Some(&session) {
             Ok(None)
           } else {
-            match temporal_serai.active_network_validators(network.into()).await {
-              Ok(validators) => Ok(Some((
+            match serai.current_validators(network.into()).await {
+              Ok(Some(validators)) => Ok(Some((
                 network,
                 session,
-                validators.into_iter().map(peer_id_from_public).collect(),
+                validators
+                  .into_iter()
+                  .map(|validator| peer_id_from_public(validator.into()))
+                  .collect(),
               ))),
+              Ok(None) => panic!("network has session yet no validators"),
               Err(e) => Err(e),
             }
           }
@@ -153,7 +156,7 @@ impl Validators {
   }
 
   /// Update the view of the validators.
-  pub(crate) async fn update(&mut self) -> Result<(), SeraiError> {
+  pub(crate) async fn update(&mut self) -> Result<(), RpcError> {
     let session_changes = Self::session_changes(&*self.serai, &self.sessions).await?;
     self.incorporate_session_changes(session_changes);
     Ok(())
@@ -206,7 +209,7 @@ impl ContinuallyRan for UpdateValidatorsTask {
   const DELAY_BETWEEN_ITERATIONS: u64 = 60;
   const MAX_DELAY_BETWEEN_ITERATIONS: u64 = 5 * 60;
 
-  type Error = SeraiError;
+  type Error = RpcError;
 
   fn run_iteration(&mut self) -> impl Send + Future<Output = Result<bool, Self::Error>> {
     async move {

coordinator/p2p/src/heartbeat.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use core::future::Future;
 use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
 
-use serai_client::validator_sets::primitives::{MAX_KEY_SHARES_PER_SET, ExternalValidatorSet};
+use serai_primitives::validator_sets::{ExternalValidatorSet, KeyShares};
 
 use futures_lite::FutureExt;
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub const MIN_BLOCKS_PER_BATCH: usize = BLOCKS_PER_MINUTE + 1;
 /// commit is `8 + (validators * 32) + (32 + (validators * 32))` (for the time, list of validators,
 /// and aggregate signature). Accordingly, this should be a safe over-estimate.
 pub const BATCH_SIZE_LIMIT: usize = MIN_BLOCKS_PER_BATCH *
-  (tributary_sdk::BLOCK_SIZE_LIMIT + 32 + ((MAX_KEY_SHARES_PER_SET as usize) * 128));
+  (tributary_sdk::BLOCK_SIZE_LIMIT + 32 + ((KeyShares::MAX_PER_SET as usize) * 128));
 
 /// Sends a heartbeat to other validators on regular intervals informing them of our Tributary's
 /// tip.

coordinator/p2p/src/lib.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
 
-use serai_client::{primitives::ExternalNetworkId, validator_sets::primitives::ExternalValidatorSet};
+use serai_primitives::{network_id::ExternalNetworkId, validator_sets::ExternalValidatorSet};
 
 use serai_db::Db;
 use tributary_sdk::{ReadWrite, TransactionTrait, Tributary, TributaryReader};

coordinator/src/db.rs

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ use serai_db::{create_db, db_channel};
 
 use dkg::Participant;
 
-use serai_client::{
-  primitives::ExternalNetworkId,
-  validator_sets::primitives::{Session, ExternalValidatorSet, KeyPair},
+use serai_client_serai::abi::primitives::{
+  crypto::KeyPair,
+  network_id::ExternalNetworkId,
+  validator_sets::{Session, ExternalValidatorSet},
 };
 
 use serai_cosign::SignedCosign;
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ mod _internal_db {
       // Tributary transactions to publish from the DKG confirmation task
       TributaryTransactionsFromDkgConfirmation: (set: ExternalValidatorSet) -> Transaction,
       // Participants to remove
-      RemoveParticipant: (set: ExternalValidatorSet) -> Participant,
+      RemoveParticipant: (set: ExternalValidatorSet) -> u16,
     }
   }
 }
@@ -139,10 +140,11 @@ impl RemoveParticipant {
   pub(crate) fn send(txn: &mut impl DbTxn, set: ExternalValidatorSet, participant: Participant) {
     // If this set has yet to be retired, send this transaction
     if RetiredTributary::get(txn, set.network).map(|session| session.0) < Some(set.session.0) {
-      _internal_db::RemoveParticipant::send(txn, set, &participant);
+      _internal_db::RemoveParticipant::send(txn, set, &u16::from(participant));
     }
   }
   pub(crate) fn try_recv(txn: &mut impl DbTxn, set: ExternalValidatorSet) -> Option<Participant> {
     _internal_db::RemoveParticipant::try_recv(txn, set)
+      .map(|i| Participant::new(i).expect("sent invalid participant index for removal"))
   }
 }

coordinator/src/dkg_confirmation.rs

@@ -12,10 +12,8 @@ use frost_schnorrkel::{
 
 use serai_db::{DbTxn, Db as DbTrait};
 
-use serai_client::{
-  primitives::SeraiAddress,
-  validator_sets::primitives::{ExternalValidatorSet, musig_context, set_keys_message},
-};
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+use serai_client_serai::abi::primitives::{validator_sets::ExternalValidatorSet, address::SeraiAddress};
 
 use serai_task::{DoesNotError, ContinuallyRan};
 
@@ -160,7 +158,7 @@ impl<CD: DbTrait, TD: DbTrait> ConfirmDkgTask<CD, TD> {
     let (machine, preprocess) = AlgorithmMachine::new(
       schnorrkel(),
       // We use a 1-of-1 Musig here as we don't know who will actually be in this Musig yet
-      musig(musig_context(set.into()), key, &[public_key]).unwrap(),
+      musig(ExternalValidatorSet::musig_context(&set), key, &[public_key]).unwrap(),
     )
     .preprocess(&mut OsRng);
     // We take the preprocess so we can use it in a distinct machine with the actual Musig
@@ -260,9 +258,12 @@ impl<CD: DbTrait, TD: DbTrait> ContinuallyRan for ConfirmDkgTask<CD, TD> {
                 })
                 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
-              let keys =
-                musig(musig_context(self.set.set.into()), self.key.clone(), &musig_public_keys)
-                  .unwrap();
+              let keys = musig(
+                ExternalValidatorSet::musig_context(&self.set.set),
+                self.key.clone(),
+                &musig_public_keys,
+              )
+              .unwrap();
 
               // Rebuild the machine
               let (machine, preprocess_from_cache) =
@@ -296,9 +297,10 @@ impl<CD: DbTrait, TD: DbTrait> ContinuallyRan for ConfirmDkgTask<CD, TD> {
               };
 
               // Calculate our share
-              let (machine, share) = match handle_frost_error(
-                machine.sign(preprocesses, &set_keys_message(&self.set.set, &key_pair)),
-              ) {
+              let (machine, share) = match handle_frost_error(machine.sign(
+                preprocesses,
+                &ExternalValidatorSet::set_keys_message(&self.set.set, &key_pair),
+              )) {
                 Ok((machine, share)) => (machine, share),
                 // This yields the *musig participant index*
                 Err(participant) => {

coordinator/src/main.rs

@@ -14,9 +14,14 @@ use borsh::BorshDeserialize;
 
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 
-use serai_client::{
-  primitives::{ExternalNetworkId, PublicKey, SeraiAddress, Signature},
-  validator_sets::primitives::{ExternalValidatorSet, KeyPair},
+use serai_client_serai::{
+  abi::primitives::{
+    BlockHash,
+    crypto::{Public, Signature, ExternalKey, KeyPair},
+    network_id::ExternalNetworkId,
+    validator_sets::ExternalValidatorSet,
+    address::SeraiAddress,
+  },
   Serai,
 };
 use message_queue::{Service, client::MessageQueue};
@@ -61,9 +66,7 @@ async fn serai() -> Arc<Serai> {
     let Ok(serai) = Serai::new(format!(
       "http://{}:9944",
       serai_env::var("SERAI_HOSTNAME").expect("Serai hostname wasn't provided")
-    ))
-    .await
-    else {
+    )) else {
       log::error!("couldn't connect to the Serai node");
       tokio::time::sleep(delay).await;
       delay = (delay + SERAI_CONNECTION_DELAY).min(MAX_SERAI_CONNECTION_DELAY);
@@ -213,10 +216,12 @@ async fn handle_network(
             &mut txn,
             ExternalValidatorSet { network, session },
             &KeyPair(
-              PublicKey::from_raw(substrate_key),
-              network_key
-                .try_into()
-                .expect("generated a network key which exceeds the maximum key length"),
+              Public(substrate_key),
+              ExternalKey(
+                network_key
+                  .try_into()
+                  .expect("generated a network key which exceeds the maximum key length"),
+              ),
             ),
           );
         }
@@ -284,12 +289,13 @@ async fn handle_network(
             &mut txn,
             ExternalValidatorSet { network, session },
             slash_report,
-            Signature::from(signature),
+            Signature(signature),
           );
         }
       },
       messages::ProcessorMessage::Substrate(msg) => match msg {
         messages::substrate::ProcessorMessage::SubstrateBlockAck { block, plans } => {
+          let block = BlockHash(block);
           let mut by_session = HashMap::new();
           for plan in plans {
             by_session
@@ -481,7 +487,7 @@ async fn main() {
   );
 
   // Handle each of the networks
-  for network in serai_client::primitives::EXTERNAL_NETWORKS {
+  for network in ExternalNetworkId::all() {
     tokio::spawn(handle_network(db.clone(), message_queue.clone(), serai.clone(), network));
   }
 

coordinator/src/substrate.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,10 @@ use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 
 use serai_db::{DbTxn, Db as DbTrait};
 
-use serai_client::validator_sets::primitives::{Session, ExternalValidatorSet};
+use serai_client_serai::abi::primitives::{
+  network_id::ExternalNetworkId,
+  validator_sets::{Session, ExternalValidatorSet},
+};
 use message_queue::{Service, Metadata, client::MessageQueue};
 
 use tributary_sdk::Tributary;
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ impl<P: P2p> ContinuallyRan for SubstrateTask<P> {
       let mut made_progress = false;
 
       // Handle the Canonical events
-      for network in serai_client::primitives::EXTERNAL_NETWORKS {
+      for network in ExternalNetworkId::all() {
         loop {
           let mut txn = self.db.txn();
           let Some(msg) = serai_coordinator_substrate::Canonical::try_recv(&mut txn, network)

coordinator/src/tributary.rs

@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 
 use serai_db::{Get, DbTxn, Db as DbTrait, create_db, db_channel};
 
-use scale::Encode;
-use serai_client::validator_sets::primitives::ExternalValidatorSet;
+use serai_client_serai::abi::primitives::validator_sets::ExternalValidatorSet;
 
 use tributary_sdk::{TransactionKind, TransactionError, ProvidedError, TransactionTrait, Tributary};
 
@@ -479,7 +478,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn spawn_tributary<P: P2p>(
     return;
   }
 
-  let genesis = <[u8; 32]>::from(Blake2s::<U32>::digest((set.serai_block, set.set).encode()));
+  let genesis =
+    <[u8; 32]>::from(Blake2s::<U32>::digest(borsh::to_vec(&(set.serai_block, set.set)).unwrap()));
 
   // Since the Serai block will be finalized, then cosigned, before we handle this, this time will
   // be a couple of minutes stale. While the Tributary will still function with a start time in the

coordinator/substrate/Cargo.toml

@@ -20,17 +20,15 @@ workspace = true
 [dependencies]
 bitvec = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
-scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive", "bit-vec"] }
 borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive", "de_strict_order"] }
 
 dkg = { path = "../../crypto/dkg", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
-serai-client = { path = "../../substrate/client", version = "0.1", default-features = false, features = ["serai", "borsh"] }
+serai-client-serai = { path = "../../substrate/client/serai", default-features = false }
 
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
 futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
-tokio = { version = "1", default-features = false }
 
 serai-db = { path = "../../common/db", version = "0.1.1" }
 serai-task = { path = "../../common/task", version = "0.1" }

coordinator/substrate/src/canonical.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,13 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use futures::stream::{StreamExt, FuturesOrdered};
 
-use serai_client::{validator_sets::primitives::ExternalValidatorSet, Serai};
+use serai_client_serai::{
+  abi::{
+    self,
+    primitives::{network_id::ExternalNetworkId, validator_sets::ExternalValidatorSet},
+  },
+  Serai,
+};
 
 use messages::substrate::{InInstructionResult, ExecutedBatch, CoordinatorMessage};
 
@@ -15,6 +21,7 @@ use serai_cosign::Cosigning;
 create_db!(
   CoordinatorSubstrateCanonical {
     NextBlock: () -> u64,
+    LastIndexedBatchId: (network: ExternalNetworkId) -> u32,
   }
 );
 
@@ -45,10 +52,10 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for CanonicalEventStream<D> {
       // These are all the events which generate canonical messages
       struct CanonicalEvents {
         time: u64,
-        key_gen_events: Vec<serai_client::validator_sets::ValidatorSetsEvent>,
-        set_retired_events: Vec<serai_client::validator_sets::ValidatorSetsEvent>,
-        batch_events: Vec<serai_client::in_instructions::InInstructionsEvent>,
-        burn_events: Vec<serai_client::coins::CoinsEvent>,
+        set_keys_events: Vec<abi::validator_sets::Event>,
+        slash_report_events: Vec<abi::validator_sets::Event>,
+        batch_events: Vec<abi::in_instructions::Event>,
+        burn_events: Vec<abi::coins::Event>,
       }
 
       // For a cosigned block, fetch all relevant events
@@ -66,40 +73,24 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for CanonicalEventStream<D> {
               }
               Err(serai_cosign::Faulted) => return Err("cosigning process faulted".to_string()),
             };
-            let temporal_serai = serai.as_of(block_hash);
-            let temporal_serai_validators = temporal_serai.validator_sets();
-            let temporal_serai_instructions = temporal_serai.in_instructions();
-            let temporal_serai_coins = temporal_serai.coins();
-
-            let (block, key_gen_events, set_retired_events, batch_events, burn_events) =
-              tokio::try_join!(
-                serai.block(block_hash),
-                temporal_serai_validators.key_gen_events(),
-                temporal_serai_validators.set_retired_events(),
-                temporal_serai_instructions.batch_events(),
-                temporal_serai_coins.burn_with_instruction_events(),
-              )
-              .map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?;
-            let Some(block) = block else {
+            let events = serai.events(block_hash).await.map_err(|e| format!("{e}"))?;
+            let set_keys_events = events.validator_sets().set_keys_events().cloned().collect();
+            let slash_report_events =
+              events.validator_sets().slash_report_events().cloned().collect();
+            let batch_events = events.in_instructions().batch_events().cloned().collect();
+            let burn_events = events.coins().burn_with_instruction_events().cloned().collect();
+            let Some(block) = serai.block(block_hash).await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))? else {
               Err(format!("Serai node didn't have cosigned block #{block_number}"))?
             };
 
-            let time = if block_number == 0 {
-              block.time().unwrap_or(0)
-            } else {
-              // Serai's block time is in milliseconds
-              block
-                .time()
-                .ok_or_else(|| "non-genesis Serai block didn't have a time".to_string())? /
-                1000
-            };
-
+            // We use time in seconds, not milliseconds, here
+            let time = block.header.unix_time_in_millis() / 1000;
             Ok((
               block_number,
               CanonicalEvents {
                 time,
-                key_gen_events,
-                set_retired_events,
+                set_keys_events,
+                slash_report_events,
                 batch_events,
                 burn_events,
               },
@@ -131,10 +122,9 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for CanonicalEventStream<D> {
 
         let mut txn = self.db.txn();
 
-        for key_gen in block.key_gen_events {
-          let serai_client::validator_sets::ValidatorSetsEvent::KeyGen { set, key_pair } = &key_gen
-          else {
-            panic!("KeyGen event wasn't a KeyGen event: {key_gen:?}");
+        for set_keys in block.set_keys_events {
+          let abi::validator_sets::Event::SetKeys { set, key_pair } = &set_keys else {
+            panic!("`SetKeys` event wasn't a `SetKeys` event: {set_keys:?}");
           };
           crate::Canonical::send(
             &mut txn,
@@ -147,12 +137,10 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for CanonicalEventStream<D> {
           );
         }
 
-        for set_retired in block.set_retired_events {
-          let serai_client::validator_sets::ValidatorSetsEvent::SetRetired { set } = &set_retired
-          else {
-            panic!("SetRetired event wasn't a SetRetired event: {set_retired:?}");
+        for slash_report in block.slash_report_events {
+          let abi::validator_sets::Event::SlashReport { set } = &slash_report else {
+            panic!("`SlashReport` event wasn't a `SlashReport` event: {slash_report:?}");
           };
-          let Ok(set) = ExternalValidatorSet::try_from(*set) else { continue };
           crate::Canonical::send(
             &mut txn,
             set.network,
@@ -160,10 +148,12 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for CanonicalEventStream<D> {
           );
         }
 
-        for network in serai_client::primitives::EXTERNAL_NETWORKS {
+        for network in ExternalNetworkId::all() {
           let mut batch = None;
           for this_batch in &block.batch_events {
-            let serai_client::in_instructions::InInstructionsEvent::Batch {
+            // Only irrefutable as this is the only member of the enum at this time
+            #[expect(irrefutable_let_patterns)]
+            let abi::in_instructions::Event::Batch {
               network: batch_network,
               publishing_session,
               id,
@@ -194,14 +184,19 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for CanonicalEventStream<D> {
                   })
                   .collect(),
               });
+
+              if LastIndexedBatchId::get(&txn, network) != id.checked_sub(1) {
+                panic!(
+                  "next batch from Serai's ID was not an increment of the last indexed batch's ID"
+                );
+              }
+              LastIndexedBatchId::set(&mut txn, network, id);
             }
           }
 
           let mut burns = vec![];
           for burn in &block.burn_events {
-            let serai_client::coins::CoinsEvent::BurnWithInstruction { from: _, instruction } =
-              &burn
-            else {
+            let abi::coins::Event::BurnWithInstruction { from: _, instruction } = &burn else {
               panic!("BurnWithInstruction event wasn't a BurnWithInstruction event: {burn:?}");
             };
             if instruction.balance.coin.network() == network {
@@ -223,3 +218,7 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for CanonicalEventStream<D> {
     }
   }
 }
+
+pub(crate) fn last_indexed_batch_id(txn: &impl DbTxn, network: ExternalNetworkId) -> Option<u32> {
+  LastIndexedBatchId::get(txn, network)
+}

coordinator/substrate/src/ephemeral.rs

@@ -3,9 +3,14 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use futures::stream::{StreamExt, FuturesOrdered};
 
-use serai_client::{
-  primitives::{SeraiAddress, EmbeddedEllipticCurve},
-  validator_sets::primitives::{MAX_KEY_SHARES_PER_SET, ExternalValidatorSet},
+use serai_client_serai::{
+  abi::primitives::{
+    BlockHash,
+    crypto::EmbeddedEllipticCurveKeys as EmbeddedEllipticCurveKeysStruct,
+    network_id::ExternalNetworkId,
+    validator_sets::{KeyShares, ExternalValidatorSet},
+    address::SeraiAddress,
+  },
   Serai,
 };
 
@@ -19,6 +24,10 @@ use crate::NewSetInformation;
 create_db!(
   CoordinatorSubstrateEphemeral {
     NextBlock: () -> u64,
+    EmbeddedEllipticCurveKeys: (
+      network: ExternalNetworkId,
+      validator: SeraiAddress
+    ) -> EmbeddedEllipticCurveKeysStruct,
   }
 );
 
@@ -49,10 +58,11 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for EphemeralEventStream<D> {
 
       // These are all the events which generate canonical messages
       struct EphemeralEvents {
-        block_hash: [u8; 32],
+        block_hash: BlockHash,
         time: u64,
-        new_set_events: Vec<serai_client::validator_sets::ValidatorSetsEvent>,
-        accepted_handover_events: Vec<serai_client::validator_sets::ValidatorSetsEvent>,
+        embedded_elliptic_curve_keys_events: Vec<serai_client_serai::abi::validator_sets::Event>,
+        set_decided_events: Vec<serai_client_serai::abi::validator_sets::Event>,
+        accepted_handover_events: Vec<serai_client_serai::abi::validator_sets::Event>,
       }
 
       // For a cosigned block, fetch all relevant events
@@ -71,31 +81,31 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for EphemeralEventStream<D> {
               Err(serai_cosign::Faulted) => return Err("cosigning process faulted".to_string()),
             };
 
-            let temporal_serai = serai.as_of(block_hash);
-            let temporal_serai_validators = temporal_serai.validator_sets();
-            let (block, new_set_events, accepted_handover_events) = tokio::try_join!(
-              serai.block(block_hash),
-              temporal_serai_validators.new_set_events(),
-              temporal_serai_validators.accepted_handover_events(),
-            )
-            .map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?;
-            let Some(block) = block else {
+            let events = serai.events(block_hash).await.map_err(|e| format!("{e}"))?;
+            let embedded_elliptic_curve_keys_events = events
+              .validator_sets()
+              .set_embedded_elliptic_curve_keys_events()
+              .cloned()
+              .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            let set_decided_events =
+              events.validator_sets().set_decided_events().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            let accepted_handover_events =
+              events.validator_sets().accepted_handover_events().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            let Some(block) = serai.block(block_hash).await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))? else {
               Err(format!("Serai node didn't have cosigned block #{block_number}"))?
             };
 
-            let time = if block_number == 0 {
-              block.time().unwrap_or(0)
-            } else {
-              // Serai's block time is in milliseconds
-              block
-                .time()
-                .ok_or_else(|| "non-genesis Serai block didn't have a time".to_string())? /
-                1000
-            };
-
+            // We use time in seconds, not milliseconds, here
+            let time = block.header.unix_time_in_millis() / 1000;
             Ok((
               block_number,
-              EphemeralEvents { block_hash, time, new_set_events, accepted_handover_events },
+              EphemeralEvents {
+                block_hash,
+                time,
+                embedded_elliptic_curve_keys_events,
+                set_decided_events,
+                accepted_handover_events,
+              },
             ))
           }
         }
@@ -126,105 +136,82 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for EphemeralEventStream<D> {
 
         let mut txn = self.db.txn();
 
-        for new_set in block.new_set_events {
-          let serai_client::validator_sets::ValidatorSetsEvent::NewSet { set } = &new_set else {
-            panic!("NewSet event wasn't a NewSet event: {new_set:?}");
+        for event in block.embedded_elliptic_curve_keys_events {
+          let serai_client_serai::abi::validator_sets::Event::SetEmbeddedEllipticCurveKeys {
+            validator,
+            keys,
+          } = &event
+          else {
+            panic!(
+              "{}: {event:?}",
+              "`SetEmbeddedEllipticCurveKeys` event wasn't a `SetEmbeddedEllipticCurveKeys` event"
+            );
           };
+
+          EmbeddedEllipticCurveKeys::set(&mut txn, keys.network(), *validator, keys);
+        }
+
+        for set_decided in block.set_decided_events {
+          let serai_client_serai::abi::validator_sets::Event::SetDecided { set, validators } =
+            &set_decided
+          else {
+            panic!("`SetDecided` event wasn't a `SetDecided` event: {set_decided:?}");
+          };
+
           // We only coordinate over external networks
           let Ok(set) = ExternalValidatorSet::try_from(*set) else { continue };
+          let validators =
+            validators.iter().map(|(validator, weight)| (*validator, weight.0)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
-          let serai = self.serai.as_of(block.block_hash);
-          let serai = serai.validator_sets();
-          let Some(validators) =
-            serai.participants(set.network.into()).await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?
-          else {
-            Err(format!(
-              "block #{block_number} declared a new set but didn't have the participants"
-            ))?
-          };
-          let validators = validators
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|(validator, weight)| (SeraiAddress::from(validator), weight))
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
           let in_set = validators.iter().any(|(validator, _)| *validator == self.validator);
           if in_set {
             if u16::try_from(validators.len()).is_err() {
               Err("more than u16::MAX validators sent")?;
             }
 
-            let Ok(validators) = validators
-              .into_iter()
-              .map(|(validator, weight)| u16::try_from(weight).map(|weight| (validator, weight)))
-              .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
-            else {
-              Err("validator's weight exceeded u16::MAX".to_string())?
-            };
-
             // Do the summation in u32 so we don't risk a u16 overflow
             let total_weight = validators.iter().map(|(_, weight)| u32::from(*weight)).sum::<u32>();
-            if total_weight > u32::from(MAX_KEY_SHARES_PER_SET) {
+            if total_weight > u32::from(KeyShares::MAX_PER_SET) {
               Err(format!(
-                "{set:?} has {total_weight} key shares when the max is {MAX_KEY_SHARES_PER_SET}"
+                "{set:?} has {total_weight} key shares when the max is {}",
+                KeyShares::MAX_PER_SET
               ))?;
             }
-            let total_weight = u16::try_from(total_weight).unwrap();
+            let total_weight = u16::try_from(total_weight)
+              .expect("value smaller than `u16` constant but doesn't fit in `u16`");
 
             // Fetch all of the validators' embedded elliptic curve keys
-            let mut embedded_elliptic_curve_keys = FuturesOrdered::new();
-            for (validator, _) in &validators {
-              let validator = *validator;
-              // try_join doesn't return a future so we need to wrap it in this additional async
-              // block
-              embedded_elliptic_curve_keys.push_back(async move {
-                tokio::try_join!(
-                  // One future to fetch the substrate embedded key
-                  serai.embedded_elliptic_curve_key(
-                    validator.into(),
-                    EmbeddedEllipticCurve::Embedwards25519
-                  ),
-                  // One future to fetch the external embedded key, if there is a distinct curve
-                  async {
-                    // `embedded_elliptic_curves` is documented to have the second entry be the
-                    // network-specific curve (if it exists and is distinct from Embedwards25519)
-                    if let Some(curve) = set.network.embedded_elliptic_curves().get(1) {
-                      serai.embedded_elliptic_curve_key(validator.into(), *curve).await.map(Some)
-                    } else {
-                      Ok(None)
-                    }
-                  }
-                )
-                .map(|(substrate_embedded_key, external_embedded_key)| {
-                  (validator, substrate_embedded_key, external_embedded_key)
-                })
-              });
-            }
-
             let mut evrf_public_keys = Vec::with_capacity(usize::from(total_weight));
             for (validator, weight) in &validators {
-              let (future_validator, substrate_embedded_key, external_embedded_key) =
-                embedded_elliptic_curve_keys.next().await.unwrap().map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?;
-              assert_eq!(*validator, future_validator);
-              let external_embedded_key =
-                external_embedded_key.unwrap_or(substrate_embedded_key.clone());
-              match (substrate_embedded_key, external_embedded_key) {
-                (Some(substrate_embedded_key), Some(external_embedded_key)) => {
-                  let substrate_embedded_key = <[u8; 32]>::try_from(substrate_embedded_key)
-                    .map_err(|_| "Embedwards25519 key wasn't 32 bytes".to_string())?;
-                  for _ in 0 .. *weight {
-                    evrf_public_keys.push((substrate_embedded_key, external_embedded_key.clone()));
-                  }
+              let keys = match EmbeddedEllipticCurveKeys::get(&txn, set.network, *validator)
+                .expect("selected validator lacked embedded elliptic curve keys")
+              {
+                EmbeddedEllipticCurveKeysStruct::Bitcoin(substrate, external) => {
+                  assert_eq!(set.network, ExternalNetworkId::Bitcoin);
+                  (substrate, external.to_vec())
                 }
-                _ => Err("NewSet with validator missing an embedded key".to_string())?,
+                EmbeddedEllipticCurveKeysStruct::Ethereum(substrate, external) => {
+                  assert_eq!(set.network, ExternalNetworkId::Ethereum);
+                  (substrate, external.to_vec())
+                }
+                EmbeddedEllipticCurveKeysStruct::Monero(substrate) => {
+                  assert_eq!(set.network, ExternalNetworkId::Monero);
+                  (substrate, substrate.to_vec())
+                }
+              };
+              for _ in 0 .. *weight {
+                evrf_public_keys.push(keys.clone());
               }
             }
 
             let mut new_set = NewSetInformation {
               set,
-              serai_block: block.block_hash,
+              serai_block: block.block_hash.0,
               declaration_time: block.time,
               // TODO: This should be inlined into the Processor's key gen code
               // It's legacy from when we removed participants from the key gen
               threshold: ((total_weight * 2) / 3) + 1,
+              // TODO: Why are `validators` and `evrf_public_keys` two separate fields?
               validators,
               evrf_public_keys,
               participant_indexes: Default::default(),
@@ -238,7 +225,7 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for EphemeralEventStream<D> {
         }
 
         for accepted_handover in block.accepted_handover_events {
-          let serai_client::validator_sets::ValidatorSetsEvent::AcceptedHandover { set } =
+          let serai_client_serai::abi::validator_sets::Event::AcceptedHandover { set } =
             &accepted_handover
           else {
             panic!("AcceptedHandover event wasn't a AcceptedHandover event: {accepted_handover:?}");

coordinator/substrate/src/lib.rs

@@ -4,15 +4,18 @@
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-use scale::{Encode, Decode};
 use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
 
 use dkg::Participant;
 
-use serai_client::{
-  primitives::{ExternalNetworkId, SeraiAddress, Signature},
-  validator_sets::primitives::{Session, ExternalValidatorSet, KeyPair, SlashReport},
-  in_instructions::primitives::SignedBatch,
+use serai_client_serai::abi::{
+  primitives::{
+    network_id::ExternalNetworkId,
+    validator_sets::{Session, ExternalValidatorSet, SlashReport},
+    crypto::{Signature, KeyPair},
+    address::SeraiAddress,
+    instructions::SignedBatch,
+  },
   Transaction,
 };
 
@@ -20,6 +23,7 @@ use serai_db::*;
 
 mod canonical;
 pub use canonical::CanonicalEventStream;
+use canonical::last_indexed_batch_id;
 mod ephemeral;
 pub use ephemeral::EphemeralEventStream;
 
@@ -38,7 +42,7 @@ pub struct NewSetInformation {
   pub set: ExternalValidatorSet,
   /// The Serai block which declared it.
   pub serai_block: [u8; 32],
-  /// The time of the block which declared it, in seconds.
+  /// The time of the block which declared it, in seconds since the epoch.
   pub declaration_time: u64,
   /// The threshold to use.
   pub threshold: u16,
@@ -97,9 +101,9 @@ mod _public_db {
   create_db!(
     CoordinatorSubstrate {
       // Keys to set on the Serai network
-      Keys: (network: ExternalNetworkId) -> (Session, Vec<u8>),
+      Keys: (network: ExternalNetworkId) -> (Session, Transaction),
       // Slash reports to publish onto the Serai network
-      SlashReports: (network: ExternalNetworkId) -> (Session, Vec<u8>),
+      SlashReports: (network: ExternalNetworkId) -> (Session, Transaction),
     }
   );
 }
@@ -172,20 +176,19 @@ impl Keys {
       }
     }
 
-    let tx = serai_client::validator_sets::SeraiValidatorSets::set_keys(
+    let tx = serai_client_serai::ValidatorSets::set_keys(
       set.network,
       key_pair,
       signature_participants,
       signature,
     );
-    _public_db::Keys::set(txn, set.network, &(set.session, tx.encode()));
+    _public_db::Keys::set(txn, set.network, &(set.session, tx));
   }
   pub(crate) fn take(
     txn: &mut impl DbTxn,
     network: ExternalNetworkId,
   ) -> Option<(Session, Transaction)> {
-    let (session, tx) = _public_db::Keys::take(txn, network)?;
-    Some((session, <_>::decode(&mut tx.as_slice()).unwrap()))
+    _public_db::Keys::take(txn, network)
   }
 }
 
@@ -194,7 +197,7 @@ pub struct SignedBatches;
 impl SignedBatches {
   /// Send a `SignedBatch` to publish onto Serai.
   pub fn send(txn: &mut impl DbTxn, batch: &SignedBatch) {
-    _public_db::SignedBatches::send(txn, batch.batch.network, batch);
+    _public_db::SignedBatches::send(txn, batch.batch.network(), batch);
   }
   pub(crate) fn try_recv(txn: &mut impl DbTxn, network: ExternalNetworkId) -> Option<SignedBatch> {
     _public_db::SignedBatches::try_recv(txn, network)
@@ -221,18 +224,14 @@ impl SlashReports {
       }
     }
 
-    let tx = serai_client::validator_sets::SeraiValidatorSets::report_slashes(
-      set.network,
-      slash_report,
-      signature,
-    );
-    _public_db::SlashReports::set(txn, set.network, &(set.session, tx.encode()));
+    let tx =
+      serai_client_serai::ValidatorSets::report_slashes(set.network, slash_report, signature);
+    _public_db::SlashReports::set(txn, set.network, &(set.session, tx));
   }
   pub(crate) fn take(
     txn: &mut impl DbTxn,
     network: ExternalNetworkId,
   ) -> Option<(Session, Transaction)> {
-    let (session, tx) = _public_db::SlashReports::take(txn, network)?;
-    Some((session, <_>::decode(&mut tx.as_slice()).unwrap()))
+    _public_db::SlashReports::take(txn, network)
   }
 }

coordinator/substrate/src/publish_batch.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 use core::future::Future;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-#[rustfmt::skip]
-use serai_client::{primitives::ExternalNetworkId, in_instructions::primitives::SignedBatch, SeraiError, Serai};
+use serai_client_serai::{
+  abi::primitives::{network_id::ExternalNetworkId, instructions::SignedBatch},
+  RpcError, Serai,
+};
 
 use serai_db::{Get, DbTxn, Db, create_db};
 use serai_task::ContinuallyRan;
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ impl<D: Db> PublishBatchTask<D> {
 }
 
 impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for PublishBatchTask<D> {
-  type Error = SeraiError;
+  type Error = RpcError;
 
   fn run_iteration(&mut self) -> impl Send + Future<Output = Result<bool, Self::Error>> {
     async move {
@@ -43,8 +45,8 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for PublishBatchTask<D> {
         };
 
         // If this is a Batch not yet published, save it into our unordered mapping
-        if LastPublishedBatch::get(&txn, self.network) < Some(batch.batch.id) {
-          BatchesToPublish::set(&mut txn, self.network, batch.batch.id, &batch);
+        if LastPublishedBatch::get(&txn, self.network) < Some(batch.batch.id()) {
+          BatchesToPublish::set(&mut txn, self.network, batch.batch.id(), &batch);
         }
 
         txn.commit();
@@ -52,12 +54,8 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for PublishBatchTask<D> {
 
       // Synchronize our last published batch with the Serai network's
       let next_to_publish = {
-        // This uses the latest finalized block, not the latest cosigned block, which should be
-        // fine as in the worst case, the only impact is no longer attempting TX publication
-        let serai = self.serai.as_of_latest_finalized_block().await?;
-        let last_batch = serai.in_instructions().last_batch_for_network(self.network).await?;
-
         let mut txn = self.db.txn();
+        let last_batch = crate::last_indexed_batch_id(&txn, self.network);
         let mut our_last_batch = LastPublishedBatch::get(&txn, self.network);
         while our_last_batch < last_batch {
           let next_batch = our_last_batch.map(|batch| batch + 1).unwrap_or(0);
@@ -68,6 +66,7 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for PublishBatchTask<D> {
         if let Some(last_batch) = our_last_batch {
           LastPublishedBatch::set(&mut txn, self.network, &last_batch);
         }
+        txn.commit();
         last_batch.map(|batch| batch + 1).unwrap_or(0)
       };
 
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for PublishBatchTask<D> {
         if let Some(batch) = BatchesToPublish::get(&self.db, self.network, next_to_publish) {
           self
             .serai
-            .publish(&serai_client::in_instructions::SeraiInInstructions::execute_batch(batch))
+            .publish_transaction(&serai_client_serai::InInstructions::execute_batch(batch))
             .await?;
           true
         } else {

coordinator/substrate/src/publish_slash_report.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use serai_db::{DbTxn, Db};
 
-use serai_client::{primitives::ExternalNetworkId, validator_sets::primitives::Session, Serai};
+use serai_client_serai::{
+  abi::primitives::{network_id::ExternalNetworkId, validator_sets::Session},
+  Serai,
+};
 
 use serai_task::ContinuallyRan;
 
@@ -33,10 +36,10 @@ impl<D: Db> PublishSlashReportTask<D> {
 
     // This uses the latest finalized block, not the latest cosigned block, which should be
     // fine as in the worst case, the only impact is no longer attempting TX publication
-    let serai = self.serai.as_of_latest_finalized_block().await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?;
-    let serai = serai.validator_sets();
+    let serai = self.serai.state().await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?;
     let session_after_slash_report = Session(session.0 + 1);
-    let current_session = serai.session(network.into()).await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?;
+    let current_session =
+      serai.current_session(network.into()).await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?;
     let current_session = current_session.map(|session| session.0);
     // Only attempt to publish the slash report for session #n while session #n+1 is still
     // active
@@ -55,14 +58,13 @@ impl<D: Db> PublishSlashReportTask<D> {
     }
 
     // If this session which should publish a slash report already has, move on
-    let key_pending_slash_report =
-      serai.key_pending_slash_report(network).await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?;
-    if key_pending_slash_report.is_none() {
+    if !serai.pending_slash_report(network).await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))? {
       txn.commit();
       return Ok(false);
     };
 
-    match self.serai.publish(&slash_report).await {
+    // Since this slash report is still pending, publish it
+    match self.serai.publish_transaction(&slash_report).await {
       Ok(()) => {
         txn.commit();
         Ok(true)
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for PublishSlashReportTask<D> {
     async move {
       let mut made_progress = false;
       let mut error = None;
-      for network in serai_client::primitives::EXTERNAL_NETWORKS {
+      for network in ExternalNetworkId::all() {
         let network_res = self.publish(network).await;
         // We made progress if any network successfully published their slash report
         made_progress |= network_res == Ok(true);

coordinator/substrate/src/set_keys.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use serai_db::{DbTxn, Db};
 
-use serai_client::{validator_sets::primitives::ExternalValidatorSet, Serai};
+use serai_client_serai::{
+  abi::primitives::{network_id::ExternalNetworkId, validator_sets::ExternalValidatorSet},
+  Serai,
+};
 
 use serai_task::ContinuallyRan;
 
@@ -28,7 +31,7 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for SetKeysTask<D> {
   fn run_iteration(&mut self) -> impl Send + Future<Output = Result<bool, Self::Error>> {
     async move {
       let mut made_progress = false;
-      for network in serai_client::primitives::EXTERNAL_NETWORKS {
+      for network in ExternalNetworkId::all() {
         let mut txn = self.db.txn();
         let Some((session, keys)) = Keys::take(&mut txn, network) else {
           // No keys to set
@@ -37,10 +40,9 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for SetKeysTask<D> {
 
         // This uses the latest finalized block, not the latest cosigned block, which should be
         // fine as in the worst case, the only impact is no longer attempting TX publication
-        let serai =
-          self.serai.as_of_latest_finalized_block().await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?;
-        let serai = serai.validator_sets();
-        let current_session = serai.session(network.into()).await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?;
+        let serai = self.serai.state().await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?;
+        let current_session =
+          serai.current_session(network.into()).await.map_err(|e| format!("{e:?}"))?;
         let current_session = current_session.map(|session| session.0);
         // Only attempt to set these keys if this isn't a retired session
         if Some(session.0) < current_session {
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ impl<D: Db> ContinuallyRan for SetKeysTask<D> {
           continue;
         };
 
-        match self.serai.publish(&keys).await {
+        match self.serai.publish_transaction(&keys).await {
           Ok(()) => {
             txn.commit();
             made_progress = true;

coordinator/tributary-sdk/Cargo.toml

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
 serai-db = { path = "../../common/db", version = "0.1" }
 
-scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive"] }
+borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive", "de_strict_order"] }
 futures-util = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "sink", "channel"] }
 futures-channel = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "sink"] }
 tendermint = { package = "tendermint-machine", path = "./tendermint", version = "0.2" }

coordinator/tributary-sdk/src/blockchain.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use ciphersuite::{group::GroupEncoding, *};
 
 use serai_db::{Get, DbTxn, Db};
 
-use scale::Decode;
+use borsh::BorshDeserialize;
 
 use tendermint::ext::{Network, Commit};
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ impl<D: Db, T: TransactionTrait> Blockchain<D, T> {
     D::key(
       b"tributary_blockchain",
       b"next_nonce",
-      [genesis.as_ref(), signer.to_bytes().as_ref(), order].concat(),
+      [genesis.as_slice(), signer.to_bytes().as_slice(), order].concat(),
     )
   }
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ impl<D: Db, T: TransactionTrait> Blockchain<D, T> {
 
   pub(crate) fn block_from_db(db: &D, genesis: [u8; 32], block: &[u8; 32]) -> Option<Block<T>> {
     db.get(Self::block_key(&genesis, block))
-      .map(|bytes| Block::<T>::read::<&[u8]>(&mut bytes.as_ref()).unwrap())
+      .map(|bytes| Block::<T>::read::<&[u8]>(&mut bytes.as_slice()).unwrap())
   }
 
   pub(crate) fn commit_from_db(db: &D, genesis: [u8; 32], block: &[u8; 32]) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ impl<D: Db, T: TransactionTrait> Blockchain<D, T> {
       // we must have a commit per valid hash
       let commit = Self::commit_from_db(db, genesis, &hash).unwrap();
       // commit has to be valid if it is coming from our db
-      Some(Commit::<N::SignatureScheme>::decode(&mut commit.as_ref()).unwrap())
+      Some(Commit::<N::SignatureScheme>::deserialize_reader(&mut commit.as_slice()).unwrap())
     };
     let unsigned_in_chain =
       |hash: [u8; 32]| db.get(Self::unsigned_included_key(&self.genesis, &hash)).is_some();
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ impl<D: Db, T: TransactionTrait> Blockchain<D, T> {
     let commit = |block: u64| -> Option<Commit<N::SignatureScheme>> {
       let commit = self.commit_by_block_number(block)?;
       // commit has to be valid if it is coming from our db
-      Some(Commit::<N::SignatureScheme>::decode(&mut commit.as_ref()).unwrap())
+      Some(Commit::<N::SignatureScheme>::deserialize_reader(&mut commit.as_slice()).unwrap())
     };
 
     let mut txn_db = db.clone();

coordinator/tributary-sdk/src/lib.rs

@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ use std::{sync::Arc, io};
 
 use zeroize::Zeroizing;
 
+use borsh::BorshDeserialize;
+
 use ciphersuite::*;
 use dalek_ff_group::Ristretto;
 
-use scale::Decode;
 use futures_channel::mpsc::UnboundedReceiver;
 use futures_util::{StreamExt, SinkExt};
 use ::tendermint::{
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ impl<D: Db, T: TransactionTrait, P: P2p> Tributary<D, T, P> {
     let block_number = BlockNumber(blockchain.block_number());
 
     let start_time = if let Some(commit) = blockchain.commit(&blockchain.tip()) {
-      Commit::<Validators>::decode(&mut commit.as_ref()).unwrap().end_time
+      Commit::<Validators>::deserialize_reader(&mut commit.as_slice()).unwrap().end_time
     } else {
       start_time
     };
@@ -276,8 +277,8 @@ impl<D: Db, T: TransactionTrait, P: P2p> Tributary<D, T, P> {
     }
 
     let block = TendermintBlock(block.serialize());
-    let mut commit_ref = commit.as_ref();
-    let Ok(commit) = Commit::<Arc<Validators>>::decode(&mut commit_ref) else {
+    let mut commit_ref = commit.as_slice();
+    let Ok(commit) = Commit::<Arc<Validators>>::deserialize_reader(&mut commit_ref) else {
       log::error!("sent an invalidly serialized commit");
       return false;
     };
@@ -327,7 +328,7 @@ impl<D: Db, T: TransactionTrait, P: P2p> Tributary<D, T, P> {
 
       Some(&TENDERMINT_MESSAGE) => {
         let Ok(msg) =
-          SignedMessageFor::<TendermintNetwork<D, T, P>>::decode::<&[u8]>(&mut &msg[1 ..])
+          SignedMessageFor::<TendermintNetwork<D, T, P>>::deserialize_reader(&mut &msg[1 ..])
         else {
           log::error!("received invalid tendermint message");
           return false;
@@ -367,15 +368,17 @@ impl<D: Db, T: TransactionTrait> TributaryReader<D, T> {
     Blockchain::<D, T>::commit_from_db(&self.0, self.1, hash)
   }
   pub fn parsed_commit(&self, hash: &[u8; 32]) -> Option<Commit<Validators>> {
-    self.commit(hash).map(|commit| Commit::<Validators>::decode(&mut commit.as_ref()).unwrap())
+    self
+      .commit(hash)
+      .map(|commit| Commit::<Validators>::deserialize_reader(&mut commit.as_slice()).unwrap())
   }
   pub fn block_after(&self, hash: &[u8; 32]) -> Option<[u8; 32]> {
     Blockchain::<D, T>::block_after(&self.0, self.1, hash)
   }
   pub fn time_of_block(&self, hash: &[u8; 32]) -> Option<u64> {
-    self
-      .commit(hash)
-      .map(|commit| Commit::<Validators>::decode(&mut commit.as_ref()).unwrap().end_time)
+    self.commit(hash).map(|commit| {
+      Commit::<Validators>::deserialize_reader(&mut commit.as_slice()).unwrap().end_time
+    })
   }
 
   pub fn locally_provided_txs_in_block(&self, hash: &[u8; 32], order: &str) -> bool {

coordinator/tributary-sdk/src/tendermint/mod.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use schnorr::{
 
 use serai_db::Db;
 
-use scale::{Encode, Decode};
+use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
 use tendermint::{
   SignedMessageFor,
   ext::{
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ impl Weights for Validators {
   }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Encode, Decode)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub struct TendermintBlock(pub Vec<u8>);
 impl BlockTrait for TendermintBlock {
   type Id = [u8; 32];
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ impl<D: Db, T: TransactionTrait, P: P2p> Network for TendermintNetwork<D, T, P>
   fn broadcast(&mut self, msg: SignedMessageFor<Self>) -> impl Send + Future<Output = ()> {
     async move {
       let mut to_broadcast = vec![TENDERMINT_MESSAGE];
-      to_broadcast.extend(msg.encode());
+      msg.serialize(&mut to_broadcast).unwrap();
       self.p2p.broadcast(self.genesis, to_broadcast).await
     }
   }
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ impl<D: Db, T: TransactionTrait, P: P2p> Network for TendermintNetwork<D, T, P>
         return invalid_block();
       };
 
-      let encoded_commit = commit.encode();
+      let encoded_commit = borsh::to_vec(&commit).unwrap();
       loop {
         let block_res = self.blockchain.write().await.add_block::<Self>(
           &block,

coordinator/tributary-sdk/src/tendermint/tx.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::io;
 
-use scale::{Encode, Decode, IoReader};
+use borsh::BorshDeserialize;
 
 use blake2::{Digest, Blake2s256};
 
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ pub enum TendermintTx {
 
 impl ReadWrite for TendermintTx {
   fn read<R: io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> io::Result<Self> {
-    Evidence::decode(&mut IoReader(reader))
+    Evidence::deserialize_reader(reader)
       .map(TendermintTx::SlashEvidence)
       .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "invalid evidence format"))
   }
 
   fn write<W: io::Write>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> {
     match self {
-      TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(ev) => writer.write_all(&ev.encode()),
+      TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(ev) => writer.write_all(&borsh::to_vec(&ev).unwrap()),
     }
   }
 }

coordinator/tributary-sdk/src/tests/transaction/mod.rs

@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ use dalek_ff_group::Ristretto;
 use ciphersuite::*;
 use schnorr::SchnorrSignature;
 
-use scale::Encode;
-
 use ::tendermint::{
   ext::{Network, Signer as SignerTrait, SignatureScheme, BlockNumber, RoundNumber},
   SignedMessageFor, DataFor, Message, SignedMessage, Data, Evidence,
@@ -200,7 +198,7 @@ pub async fn signed_from_data<N: Network>(
     round: RoundNumber(round_number),
     data,
   };
-  let sig = signer.sign(&msg.encode()).await;
+  let sig = signer.sign(&borsh::to_vec(&msg).unwrap()).await;
   SignedMessage { msg, sig }
 }
 
@@ -213,5 +211,5 @@ pub async fn random_evidence_tx<N: Network>(
   let data = Data::Proposal(Some(RoundNumber(0)), b);
   let signer_id = signer.validator_id().await.unwrap();
   let signed = signed_from_data::<N>(signer, signer_id, 0, 0, data).await;
-  TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::InvalidValidRound(signed.encode()))
+  TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::InvalidValidRound(borsh::to_vec(&signed).unwrap()))
 }

coordinator/tributary-sdk/src/tests/transaction/tendermint.rs

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ use rand::{RngCore, rngs::OsRng};
 use dalek_ff_group::Ristretto;
 use ciphersuite::*;
 
-use scale::Encode;
-
 use tendermint::{
   time::CanonicalInstant,
   round::RoundData,
@@ -52,7 +50,10 @@ async fn invalid_valid_round() {
     async move {
       let data = Data::Proposal(valid_round, TendermintBlock(vec![]));
       let signed = signed_from_data::<N>(signer.clone().into(), signer_id, 0, 0, data).await;
-      (signed.clone(), TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::InvalidValidRound(signed.encode())))
+      (
+        signed.clone(),
+        TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::InvalidValidRound(borsh::to_vec(&signed).unwrap())),
+      )
     }
   };
 
@@ -70,7 +71,8 @@ async fn invalid_valid_round() {
   let mut random_sig = [0u8; 64];
   OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut random_sig);
   signed.sig = random_sig;
-  let tx = TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::InvalidValidRound(signed.encode()));
+  let tx =
+    TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::InvalidValidRound(borsh::to_vec(&signed).unwrap()));
 
   // should fail
   assert!(verify_tendermint_tx::<N>(&tx, &validators, commit).is_err());
@@ -90,7 +92,10 @@ async fn invalid_precommit_signature() {
       let signed =
         signed_from_data::<N>(signer.clone().into(), signer_id, 1, 0, Data::Precommit(precommit))
           .await;
-      (signed.clone(), TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::InvalidPrecommit(signed.encode())))
+      (
+        signed.clone(),
+        TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::InvalidPrecommit(borsh::to_vec(&signed).unwrap())),
+      )
     }
   };
 
@@ -120,7 +125,8 @@ async fn invalid_precommit_signature() {
     let mut random_sig = [0u8; 64];
     OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut random_sig);
     signed.sig = random_sig;
-    let tx = TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::InvalidPrecommit(signed.encode()));
+    let tx =
+      TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::InvalidPrecommit(borsh::to_vec(&signed).unwrap()));
     assert!(verify_tendermint_tx::<N>(&tx, &validators, commit).is_err());
   }
 }
@@ -138,24 +144,32 @@ async fn evidence_with_prevote() {
       // it should fail for all reasons.
       let mut txs = vec![];
       txs.push(TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::InvalidPrecommit(
-        signed_from_data::<N>(signer.clone().into(), signer_id, 0, 0, Data::Prevote(block_id))
-          .await
-          .encode(),
+        borsh::to_vec(
+          &&signed_from_data::<N>(signer.clone().into(), signer_id, 0, 0, Data::Prevote(block_id))
+            .await,
+        )
+        .unwrap(),
       )));
       txs.push(TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::InvalidValidRound(
-        signed_from_data::<N>(signer.clone().into(), signer_id, 0, 0, Data::Prevote(block_id))
-          .await
-          .encode(),
+        borsh::to_vec(
+          &signed_from_data::<N>(signer.clone().into(), signer_id, 0, 0, Data::Prevote(block_id))
+            .await,
+        )
+        .unwrap(),
       )));
       // Since these require a second message, provide this one again
       // ConflictingMessages can be fired for actually conflicting Prevotes however
       txs.push(TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::ConflictingMessages(
-        signed_from_data::<N>(signer.clone().into(), signer_id, 0, 0, Data::Prevote(block_id))
-          .await
-          .encode(),
-        signed_from_data::<N>(signer.clone().into(), signer_id, 0, 0, Data::Prevote(block_id))
-          .await
-          .encode(),
+        borsh::to_vec(
+          &signed_from_data::<N>(signer.clone().into(), signer_id, 0, 0, Data::Prevote(block_id))
+            .await,
+        )
+        .unwrap(),
+        borsh::to_vec(
+          &signed_from_data::<N>(signer.clone().into(), signer_id, 0, 0, Data::Prevote(block_id))
+            .await,
+        )
+        .unwrap(),
       )));
       txs
     }
@@ -189,16 +203,16 @@ async fn conflicting_msgs_evidence_tx() {
     // non-conflicting data should fail
     let signed_1 = signed_for_b_r(0, 0, Data::Proposal(None, TendermintBlock(vec![0x11]))).await;
     let tx = TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::ConflictingMessages(
-      signed_1.encode(),
-      signed_1.encode(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_1).unwrap(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_1).unwrap(),
     ));
     assert!(verify_tendermint_tx::<N>(&tx, &validators, commit).is_err());
 
     // conflicting data should pass
     let signed_2 = signed_for_b_r(0, 0, Data::Proposal(None, TendermintBlock(vec![0x22]))).await;
     let tx = TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::ConflictingMessages(
-      signed_1.encode(),
-      signed_2.encode(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_1).unwrap(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_2).unwrap(),
     ));
     verify_tendermint_tx::<N>(&tx, &validators, commit).unwrap();
 
@@ -206,16 +220,16 @@ async fn conflicting_msgs_evidence_tx() {
     // (except for Precommit)
     let signed_2 = signed_for_b_r(0, 1, Data::Proposal(None, TendermintBlock(vec![0x22]))).await;
     let tx = TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::ConflictingMessages(
-      signed_1.encode(),
-      signed_2.encode(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_1).unwrap(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_2).unwrap(),
     ));
     verify_tendermint_tx::<N>(&tx, &validators, commit).unwrap_err();
 
     // Proposals for different block numbers should also fail as evidence
     let signed_2 = signed_for_b_r(1, 0, Data::Proposal(None, TendermintBlock(vec![0x22]))).await;
     let tx = TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::ConflictingMessages(
-      signed_1.encode(),
-      signed_2.encode(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_1).unwrap(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_2).unwrap(),
     ));
     verify_tendermint_tx::<N>(&tx, &validators, commit).unwrap_err();
   }
@@ -225,16 +239,16 @@ async fn conflicting_msgs_evidence_tx() {
     // non-conflicting data should fail
     let signed_1 = signed_for_b_r(0, 0, Data::Prevote(Some([0x11; 32]))).await;
     let tx = TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::ConflictingMessages(
-      signed_1.encode(),
-      signed_1.encode(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_1).unwrap(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_1).unwrap(),
     ));
     assert!(verify_tendermint_tx::<N>(&tx, &validators, commit).is_err());
 
     // conflicting data should pass
     let signed_2 = signed_for_b_r(0, 0, Data::Prevote(Some([0x22; 32]))).await;
     let tx = TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::ConflictingMessages(
-      signed_1.encode(),
-      signed_2.encode(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_1).unwrap(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_2).unwrap(),
     ));
     verify_tendermint_tx::<N>(&tx, &validators, commit).unwrap();
 
@@ -242,16 +256,16 @@ async fn conflicting_msgs_evidence_tx() {
     // (except for Precommit)
     let signed_2 = signed_for_b_r(0, 1, Data::Prevote(Some([0x22; 32]))).await;
     let tx = TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::ConflictingMessages(
-      signed_1.encode(),
-      signed_2.encode(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_1).unwrap(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_2).unwrap(),
     ));
     verify_tendermint_tx::<N>(&tx, &validators, commit).unwrap_err();
 
     // Proposals for different block numbers should also fail as evidence
     let signed_2 = signed_for_b_r(1, 0, Data::Prevote(Some([0x22; 32]))).await;
     let tx = TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::ConflictingMessages(
-      signed_1.encode(),
-      signed_2.encode(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_1).unwrap(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_2).unwrap(),
     ));
     verify_tendermint_tx::<N>(&tx, &validators, commit).unwrap_err();
   }
@@ -273,8 +287,8 @@ async fn conflicting_msgs_evidence_tx() {
     .await;
 
     let tx = TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::ConflictingMessages(
-      signed_1.encode(),
-      signed_2.encode(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_1).unwrap(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_2).unwrap(),
     ));
 
     // update schema so that we don't fail due to invalid signature
@@ -292,8 +306,8 @@ async fn conflicting_msgs_evidence_tx() {
     let signed_1 = signed_for_b_r(0, 0, Data::Proposal(None, TendermintBlock(vec![]))).await;
     let signed_2 = signed_for_b_r(0, 0, Data::Prevote(None)).await;
     let tx = TendermintTx::SlashEvidence(Evidence::ConflictingMessages(
-      signed_1.encode(),
-      signed_2.encode(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_1).unwrap(),
+      borsh::to_vec(&signed_2).unwrap(),
     ));
     assert!(verify_tendermint_tx::<N>(&tx, &validators, commit).is_err());
   }

coordinator/tributary-sdk/tendermint/Cargo.toml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ license = "MIT"
 repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/coordinator/tendermint"
 authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.75"
+rust-version = "1.77"
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 all-features = true
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ thiserror = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 hex = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
-parity-scale-codec = { version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive"] }
+borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive", "de_strict_order"] }
 
 futures-util = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "async-await-macro", "sink", "channel"] }
 futures-channel = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "sink"] }

coordinator/tributary-sdk/tendermint/src/ext.rs

@@ -3,33 +3,41 @@ use std::{sync::Arc, collections::HashSet};
 
 use thiserror::Error;
 
-use parity_scale_codec::{Encode, Decode};
+use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
 
 use crate::{SignedMessageFor, SlashEvent, commit_msg};
 
 /// An alias for a series of traits required for a type to be usable as a validator ID,
 /// automatically implemented for all types satisfying those traits.
 pub trait ValidatorId:
-  Send + Sync + Clone + Copy + PartialEq + Eq + Hash + Debug + Encode + Decode
+  Send + Sync + Clone + Copy + PartialEq + Eq + Hash + Debug + BorshSerialize + BorshDeserialize
 {
 }
-impl<V: Send + Sync + Clone + Copy + PartialEq + Eq + Hash + Debug + Encode + Decode> ValidatorId
-  for V
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+impl<
+    V: Send + Sync + Clone + Copy + PartialEq + Eq + Hash + Debug + BorshSerialize + BorshDeserialize,
+  > ValidatorId for V
 {
 }
 
 /// An alias for a series of traits required for a type to be usable as a signature,
 /// automatically implemented for all types satisfying those traits.
-pub trait Signature: Send + Sync + Clone + PartialEq + Eq + Debug + Encode + Decode {}
-impl<S: Send + Sync + Clone + PartialEq + Eq + Debug + Encode + Decode> Signature for S {}
+pub trait Signature:
+  Send + Sync + Clone + PartialEq + Eq + Debug + BorshSerialize + BorshDeserialize
+{
+}
+impl<S: Send + Sync + Clone + PartialEq + Eq + Debug + BorshSerialize + BorshDeserialize> Signature
+  for S
+{
+}
 
 // Type aliases which are distinct according to the type system
 
 /// A struct containing a Block Number, wrapped to have a distinct type.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, Encode, Decode)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub struct BlockNumber(pub u64);
 /// A struct containing a round number, wrapped to have a distinct type.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, Encode, Decode)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub struct RoundNumber(pub u32);
 
 /// A signer for a validator.
@@ -127,7 +135,7 @@ impl<S: SignatureScheme> SignatureScheme for Arc<S> {
 /// A commit for a specific block.
 ///
 /// The list of validators have weight exceeding the threshold for a valid commit.
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug, Encode, Decode)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub struct Commit<S: SignatureScheme> {
   /// End time of the round which created this commit, used as the start time of the next block.
   pub end_time: u64,
@@ -185,7 +193,7 @@ impl<W: Weights> Weights for Arc<W> {
 }
 
 /// Simplified error enum representing a block's validity.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Error, Encode, Decode)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Error, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub enum BlockError {
   /// Malformed block which is wholly invalid.
   #[error("invalid block")]
@@ -197,9 +205,20 @@ pub enum BlockError {
 }
 
 /// Trait representing a Block.
-pub trait Block: Send + Sync + Clone + PartialEq + Eq + Debug + Encode + Decode {
+pub trait Block:
+  Send + Sync + Clone + PartialEq + Eq + Debug + BorshSerialize + BorshDeserialize
+{
   // Type used to identify blocks. Presumably a cryptographic hash of the block.
-  type Id: Send + Sync + Copy + Clone + PartialEq + Eq + AsRef<[u8]> + Debug + Encode + Decode;
+  type Id: Send
+    + Sync
+    + Copy
+    + Clone
+    + PartialEq
+    + Eq
+    + AsRef<[u8]>
+    + Debug
+    + BorshSerialize
+    + BorshDeserialize;
 
   /// Return the deterministic, unique ID for this block.
   fn id(&self) -> Self::Id;

coordinator/tributary-sdk/tendermint/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#![expect(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
-
 use core::fmt::Debug;
 
 use std::{
@@ -8,7 +6,7 @@ use std::{
   collections::{VecDeque, HashMap},
 };
 
-use parity_scale_codec::{Encode, Decode, IoReader};
+use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
 
 use futures_channel::mpsc;
 use futures_util::{
@@ -43,14 +41,14 @@ pub fn commit_msg(end_time: u64, id: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
   [&end_time.to_le_bytes(), id].concat()
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, Encode, Decode)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub enum Step {
   Propose,
   Prevote,
   Precommit,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Eq, Debug, Encode, Decode)]
+#[derive(Clone, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub enum Data<B: Block, S: Signature> {
   Proposal(Option<RoundNumber>, B),
   Prevote(Option<B::Id>),
@@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ impl<B: Block, S: Signature> Data<B, S> {
   }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Encode, Decode)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub struct Message<V: ValidatorId, B: Block, S: Signature> {
   pub sender: V,
   pub block: BlockNumber,
@@ -102,7 +100,7 @@ pub struct Message<V: ValidatorId, B: Block, S: Signature> {
 }
 
 /// A signed Tendermint consensus message to be broadcast to the other validators.
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Encode, Decode)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub struct SignedMessage<V: ValidatorId, B: Block, S: Signature> {
   pub msg: Message<V, B, S>,
   pub sig: S,
@@ -119,18 +117,18 @@ impl<V: ValidatorId, B: Block, S: Signature> SignedMessage<V, B, S> {
     &self,
     signer: &Scheme,
   ) -> bool {
-    signer.verify(self.msg.sender, &self.msg.encode(), &self.sig)
+    signer.verify(self.msg.sender, &borsh::to_vec(&self.msg).unwrap(), &self.sig)
   }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Encode, Decode)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub enum SlashReason {
   FailToPropose,
   InvalidBlock,
   InvalidProposer,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Encode, Decode)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub enum Evidence {
   ConflictingMessages(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>),
   InvalidPrecommit(Vec<u8>),
@@ -161,7 +159,7 @@ pub type SignedMessageFor<N> = SignedMessage<
 >;
 
 pub fn decode_signed_message<N: Network>(mut data: &[u8]) -> Option<SignedMessageFor<N>> {
-  SignedMessageFor::<N>::decode(&mut data).ok()
+  SignedMessageFor::<N>::deserialize_reader(&mut data).ok()
 }
 
 fn decode_and_verify_signed_message<N: Network>(
@@ -341,7 +339,7 @@ impl<N: Network + 'static> TendermintMachine<N> {
       target: "tendermint",
       "proposer for block {}, round {round:?} was {} (me: {res})",
       self.block.number.0,
-      hex::encode(proposer.encode()),
+      hex::encode(borsh::to_vec(&proposer).unwrap()),
     );
     res
   }
@@ -422,7 +420,11 @@ impl<N: Network + 'static> TendermintMachine<N> {
     // TODO: If the new slash event has evidence, emit to prevent a low-importance slash from
     // cancelling emission of high-importance slashes
     if !self.block.slashes.contains(&validator) {
-      log::info!(target: "tendermint", "Slashing validator {}", hex::encode(validator.encode()));
+      log::info!(
+        target: "tendermint",
+        "Slashing validator {}",
+        hex::encode(borsh::to_vec(&validator).unwrap()),
+      );
       self.block.slashes.insert(validator);
       self.network.slash(validator, slash_event).await;
     }
@@ -672,7 +674,7 @@ impl<N: Network + 'static> TendermintMachine<N> {
           self
             .slash(
               msg.sender,
-              SlashEvent::WithEvidence(Evidence::InvalidPrecommit(signed.encode())),
+              SlashEvent::WithEvidence(Evidence::InvalidPrecommit(borsh::to_vec(&signed).unwrap())),
             )
             .await;
           Err(TendermintError::Malicious)?;
@@ -743,7 +745,10 @@ impl<N: Network + 'static> TendermintMachine<N> {
           self.broadcast(Data::Prevote(None));
         }
         self
-          .slash(msg.sender, SlashEvent::WithEvidence(Evidence::InvalidValidRound(msg.encode())))
+          .slash(
+            msg.sender,
+            SlashEvent::WithEvidence(Evidence::InvalidValidRound(borsh::to_vec(&msg).unwrap())),
+          )
           .await;
         Err(TendermintError::Malicious)?;
       }
@@ -1034,7 +1039,7 @@ impl<N: Network + 'static> TendermintMachine<N> {
 
           while !messages.is_empty() {
             self.network.broadcast(
-              SignedMessageFor::<N>::decode(&mut IoReader(&mut messages))
+              SignedMessageFor::<N>::deserialize_reader(&mut messages)
                 .expect("saved invalid message to DB")
             ).await;
           }
@@ -1059,7 +1064,7 @@ impl<N: Network + 'static> TendermintMachine<N> {
       } {
         if our_message {
           assert!(sig.is_none());
-          sig = Some(self.signer.sign(&msg.encode()).await);
+          sig = Some(self.signer.sign(&borsh::to_vec(&msg).unwrap()).await);
         }
         let sig = sig.unwrap();
 
@@ -1079,7 +1084,7 @@ impl<N: Network + 'static> TendermintMachine<N> {
           let message_tape_key = message_tape_key(self.genesis);
           let mut txn = self.db.txn();
           let mut message_tape = txn.get(&message_tape_key).unwrap_or(vec![]);
-          message_tape.extend(signed_msg.encode());
+          signed_msg.serialize(&mut message_tape).unwrap();
           txn.put(&message_tape_key, message_tape);
           txn.commit();
         }

coordinator/tributary-sdk/tendermint/src/message_log.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 use std::{sync::Arc, collections::HashMap};
 
-use parity_scale_codec::Encode;
-
 use crate::{ext::*, RoundNumber, Step, DataFor, SignedMessageFor, Evidence};
 
 type RoundLog<N> = HashMap<<N as Network>::ValidatorId, HashMap<Step, SignedMessageFor<N>>>;
@@ -39,7 +37,10 @@ impl<N: Network> MessageLog<N> {
           target: "tendermint",
           "Validator sent multiple messages for the same block + round + step"
         );
-        Err(Evidence::ConflictingMessages(existing.encode(), signed.encode()))?;
+        Err(Evidence::ConflictingMessages(
+          borsh::to_vec(&existing).unwrap(),
+          borsh::to_vec(&signed).unwrap(),
+        ))?;
       }
       return Ok(false);
     }

coordinator/tributary-sdk/tendermint/tests/ext.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::{
   time::{UNIX_EPOCH, SystemTime, Duration},
 };
 
-use parity_scale_codec::{Encode, Decode};
+use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
 
 use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;
 use tokio::{sync::RwLock, time::sleep};
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl Weights for TestWeights {
   }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Encode, Decode)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 struct TestBlock {
   id: TestBlockId,
   valid: Result<(), BlockError>,

coordinator/tributary/Cargo.toml

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ workspace = true
 zeroize = { version = "^1.5", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
-scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive"] }
 borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive", "de_strict_order"] }
 
 blake2 = { version = "0.11.0-rc.0", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
@@ -30,14 +29,14 @@ dalek-ff-group = { path = "../../crypto/dalek-ff-group", default-features = fals
 dkg = { path = "../../crypto/dkg", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 schnorr = { package = "schnorr-signatures", path = "../../crypto/schnorr", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
-serai-client = { path = "../../substrate/client", default-features = false, features = ["serai", "borsh"] }
+serai-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
 serai-db = { path = "../../common/db" }
 serai-task = { path = "../../common/task", version = "0.1" }
 
 tributary-sdk = { path = "../tributary-sdk" }
 
-serai-cosign = { path = "../cosign" }
+serai-cosign-types = { path = "../cosign/types" }
 serai-coordinator-substrate = { path = "../substrate" }
 
 messages = { package = "serai-processor-messages", path = "../../processor/messages" }

coordinator/tributary/src/db.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,19 @@
-#![expect(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
-
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-use scale::Encode;
 use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
 
-use serai_client::{primitives::SeraiAddress, validator_sets::primitives::ExternalValidatorSet};
+use serai_primitives::{BlockHash, validator_sets::ExternalValidatorSet, address::SeraiAddress};
 
 use messages::sign::{VariantSignId, SignId};
 
 use serai_db::*;
 
-use serai_cosign::CosignIntent;
+use serai_cosign_types::CosignIntent;
 
 use crate::transaction::SigningProtocolRound;
 
 /// A topic within the database which the group participates in
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Encode, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub enum Topic {
   /// Vote to remove a participant
   RemoveParticipant {
@@ -125,7 +122,7 @@ impl Topic {
       Topic::DkgConfirmation { attempt, round: _ } => Some({
         let id = {
           let mut id = [0; 32];
-          let encoded_set = set.encode();
+          let encoded_set = borsh::to_vec(&set).unwrap();
           id[.. encoded_set.len()].copy_from_slice(&encoded_set);
           VariantSignId::Batch(id)
         };
@@ -235,18 +232,18 @@ create_db!(
     SlashPoints: (set: ExternalValidatorSet, validator: SeraiAddress) -> u32,
 
     // The cosign intent for a Substrate block
-    CosignIntents: (set: ExternalValidatorSet, substrate_block_hash: [u8; 32]) -> CosignIntent,
+    CosignIntents: (set: ExternalValidatorSet, substrate_block_hash: BlockHash) -> CosignIntent,
     // The latest Substrate block to cosign.
-    LatestSubstrateBlockToCosign: (set: ExternalValidatorSet) -> [u8; 32],
+    LatestSubstrateBlockToCosign: (set: ExternalValidatorSet) -> BlockHash,
     // The hash of the block we're actively cosigning.
-    ActivelyCosigning: (set: ExternalValidatorSet) -> [u8; 32],
+    ActivelyCosigning: (set: ExternalValidatorSet) -> BlockHash,
     // If this block has already been cosigned.
-    Cosigned: (set: ExternalValidatorSet, substrate_block_hash: [u8; 32]) -> (),
+    Cosigned: (set: ExternalValidatorSet, substrate_block_hash: BlockHash) -> (),
 
     // The plans to recognize upon a `Transaction::SubstrateBlock` being included on-chain.
     SubstrateBlockPlans: (
       set: ExternalValidatorSet,
-      substrate_block_hash: [u8; 32]
+      substrate_block_hash: BlockHash
     ) -> Vec<[u8; 32]>,
 
     // The weight accumulated for a topic.
@@ -294,26 +291,26 @@ impl TributaryDb {
   pub(crate) fn latest_substrate_block_to_cosign(
     getter: &impl Get,
     set: ExternalValidatorSet,
-  ) -> Option<[u8; 32]> {
+  ) -> Option<BlockHash> {
     LatestSubstrateBlockToCosign::get(getter, set)
   }
   pub(crate) fn set_latest_substrate_block_to_cosign(
     txn: &mut impl DbTxn,
     set: ExternalValidatorSet,
-    substrate_block_hash: [u8; 32],
+    substrate_block_hash: BlockHash,
   ) {
     LatestSubstrateBlockToCosign::set(txn, set, &substrate_block_hash);
   }
   pub(crate) fn actively_cosigning(
     txn: &mut impl DbTxn,
     set: ExternalValidatorSet,
-  ) -> Option<[u8; 32]> {
+  ) -> Option<BlockHash> {
     ActivelyCosigning::get(txn, set)
   }
   pub(crate) fn start_cosigning(
     txn: &mut impl DbTxn,
     set: ExternalValidatorSet,
-    substrate_block_hash: [u8; 32],
+    substrate_block_hash: BlockHash,
     substrate_block_number: u64,
   ) {
     assert!(
@@ -338,14 +335,14 @@ impl TributaryDb {
   pub(crate) fn mark_cosigned(
     txn: &mut impl DbTxn,
     set: ExternalValidatorSet,
-    substrate_block_hash: [u8; 32],
+    substrate_block_hash: BlockHash,
   ) {
     Cosigned::set(txn, set, substrate_block_hash, &());
   }
   pub(crate) fn cosigned(
     txn: &mut impl DbTxn,
     set: ExternalValidatorSet,
-    substrate_block_hash: [u8; 32],
+    substrate_block_hash: BlockHash,
   ) -> bool {
     Cosigned::get(txn, set, substrate_block_hash).is_some()
   }

coordinator/tributary/src/lib.rs

@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use ciphersuite::group::GroupEncoding;
 use dkg::Participant;
 
-use serai_client::{
-  primitives::SeraiAddress,
-  validator_sets::primitives::{ExternalValidatorSet, Slash},
+use serai_primitives::{
+  BlockHash,
+  validator_sets::{ExternalValidatorSet, Slash},
+  address::SeraiAddress,
 };
 
 use serai_db::*;
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ use tributary_sdk::{
   Transaction as TributaryTransaction, Block, TributaryReader, P2p,
 };
 
-use serai_cosign::CosignIntent;
+use serai_cosign_types::CosignIntent;
 use serai_coordinator_substrate::NewSetInformation;
 
 use messages::sign::{VariantSignId, SignId};
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ impl CosignIntents {
   fn take(
     txn: &mut impl DbTxn,
     set: ExternalValidatorSet,
-    substrate_block_hash: [u8; 32],
+    substrate_block_hash: BlockHash,
   ) -> Option<CosignIntent> {
     db::CosignIntents::take(txn, set, substrate_block_hash)
   }
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ impl SubstrateBlockPlans {
   pub fn set(
     txn: &mut impl DbTxn,
     set: ExternalValidatorSet,
-    substrate_block_hash: [u8; 32],
+    substrate_block_hash: BlockHash,
     plans: &Vec<[u8; 32]>,
   ) {
     db::SubstrateBlockPlans::set(txn, set, substrate_block_hash, plans);
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ impl SubstrateBlockPlans {
   fn take(
     txn: &mut impl DbTxn,
     set: ExternalValidatorSet,
-    substrate_block_hash: [u8; 32],
+    substrate_block_hash: BlockHash,
   ) -> Option<Vec<[u8; 32]>> {
     db::SubstrateBlockPlans::take(txn, set, substrate_block_hash)
   }
@@ -574,14 +575,9 @@ impl<TD: Db, TDT: DbTxn, P: P2p> ScanBlock<'_, TD, TDT, P> {
           };
           let msgs = (
             decode_signed_message::<TendermintNetwork<TD, Transaction, P>>(&data.0).unwrap(),
-            if data.1.is_some() {
-              Some(
-                decode_signed_message::<TendermintNetwork<TD, Transaction, P>>(&data.1.unwrap())
-                  .unwrap(),
-              )
-            } else {
-              None
-            },
+            data.1.as_ref().map(|data| {
+              decode_signed_message::<TendermintNetwork<TD, Transaction, P>>(data).unwrap()
+            }),
           );
 
           // Since anything with evidence is fundamentally faulty behavior, not just temporal

coordinator/tributary/src/transaction.rs

@@ -12,10 +12,9 @@ use ciphersuite::{
 use dalek_ff_group::Ristretto;
 use schnorr::SchnorrSignature;
 
-use scale::Encode;
 use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
 
-use serai_client::{primitives::SeraiAddress, validator_sets::primitives::MAX_KEY_SHARES_PER_SET};
+use serai_primitives::{BlockHash, validator_sets::KeyShares, address::SeraiAddress};
 
 use messages::sign::VariantSignId;
 
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ use tributary_sdk::{
 use crate::db::Topic;
 
 /// The round this data is for, within a signing protocol.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Encode, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub enum SigningProtocolRound {
   /// A preprocess.
   Preprocess,
@@ -138,7 +137,7 @@ pub enum Transaction {
   /// be the one selected to be cosigned.
   Cosign {
     /// The hash of the Substrate block to cosign
-    substrate_block_hash: [u8; 32],
+    substrate_block_hash: BlockHash,
   },
 
   /// Note an intended-to-be-cosigned Substrate block as cosigned
@@ -176,7 +175,7 @@ pub enum Transaction {
   /// cosigning the block in question, it'd be safe to provide this and move on to the next cosign.
   Cosigned {
     /// The hash of the Substrate block which was cosigned
-    substrate_block_hash: [u8; 32],
+    substrate_block_hash: BlockHash,
   },
 
   /// Acknowledge a Substrate block
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ pub enum Transaction {
   /// resulting from its handling.
   SubstrateBlock {
     /// The hash of the Substrate block
-    hash: [u8; 32],
+    hash: BlockHash,
   },
 
   /// Acknowledge a Batch
@@ -242,19 +241,20 @@ impl TransactionTrait for Transaction {
   fn kind(&self) -> TransactionKind {
     match self {
       Transaction::RemoveParticipant { participant, signed } => TransactionKind::Signed(
-        (b"RemoveParticipant", participant).encode(),
+        borsh::to_vec(&(b"RemoveParticipant".as_slice(), participant)).unwrap(),
         signed.to_tributary_signed(0),
       ),
 
-      Transaction::DkgParticipation { signed, .. } => {
-        TransactionKind::Signed(b"DkgParticipation".encode(), signed.to_tributary_signed(0))
-      }
+      Transaction::DkgParticipation { signed, .. } => TransactionKind::Signed(
+        borsh::to_vec(b"DkgParticipation".as_slice()).unwrap(),
+        signed.to_tributary_signed(0),
+      ),
       Transaction::DkgConfirmationPreprocess { attempt, signed, .. } => TransactionKind::Signed(
-        (b"DkgConfirmation", attempt).encode(),
+        borsh::to_vec(&(b"DkgConfirmation".as_slice(), attempt)).unwrap(),
         signed.to_tributary_signed(0),
       ),
       Transaction::DkgConfirmationShare { attempt, signed, .. } => TransactionKind::Signed(
-        (b"DkgConfirmation", attempt).encode(),
+        borsh::to_vec(&(b"DkgConfirmation".as_slice(), attempt)).unwrap(),
         signed.to_tributary_signed(1),
       ),
 
@@ -264,13 +264,14 @@ impl TransactionTrait for Transaction {
       Transaction::Batch { .. } => TransactionKind::Provided("Batch"),
 
       Transaction::Sign { id, attempt, round, signed, .. } => TransactionKind::Signed(
-        (b"Sign", id, attempt).encode(),
+        borsh::to_vec(&(b"Sign".as_slice(), id, attempt)).unwrap(),
         signed.to_tributary_signed(round.nonce()),
       ),
 
-      Transaction::SlashReport { signed, .. } => {
-        TransactionKind::Signed(b"SlashReport".encode(), signed.to_tributary_signed(0))
-      }
+      Transaction::SlashReport { signed, .. } => TransactionKind::Signed(
+        borsh::to_vec(b"SlashReport".as_slice()).unwrap(),
+        signed.to_tributary_signed(0),
+      ),
     }
   }
 
@@ -302,14 +303,14 @@ impl TransactionTrait for Transaction {
       Transaction::Batch { .. } => {}
 
       Transaction::Sign { data, .. } => {
-        if data.len() > usize::from(MAX_KEY_SHARES_PER_SET) {
+        if data.len() > usize::from(KeyShares::MAX_PER_SET) {
           Err(TransactionError::InvalidContent)?
         }
         // TODO: MAX_SIGN_LEN
       }
 
       Transaction::SlashReport { slash_points, .. } => {
-        if slash_points.len() > usize::from(MAX_KEY_SHARES_PER_SET) {
+        if slash_points.len() > usize::from(KeyShares::MAX_PER_SET) {
           Err(TransactionError::InvalidContent)?
         }
       }

crypto/dkg/Cargo.toml

@@ -23,19 +23,12 @@ thiserror = { version = "2", default-features = false }
 
 std-shims = { version = "0.1", path = "../../common/std-shims", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 
-borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "de_strict_order"], optional = true }
-
 ciphersuite = { path = "../ciphersuite", version = "^0.4.1", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 
 [features]
 std = [
   "thiserror/std",
-
   "std-shims/std",
-
-  "borsh?/std",
-
   "ciphersuite/std",
 ]
-borsh = ["dep:borsh"]
 default = ["std"]

crypto/dkg/src/lib.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ use ciphersuite::{
 
 /// The ID of a participant, defined as a non-zero u16.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug, Zeroize)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "borsh", derive(borsh::BorshSerialize))]
 pub struct Participant(u16);
 impl Participant {
   /// Create a new Participant identifier from a u16.
@@ -129,18 +128,8 @@ pub enum DkgError {
   NotParticipating,
 }
 
-// Manually implements BorshDeserialize so we can enforce it's a valid index
-#[cfg(feature = "borsh")]
-impl borsh::BorshDeserialize for Participant {
-  fn deserialize_reader<R: io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> io::Result<Self> {
-    Participant::new(u16::deserialize_reader(reader)?)
-      .ok_or_else(|| io::Error::other("invalid participant"))
-  }
-}
-
 /// Parameters for a multisig.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Zeroize)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "borsh", derive(borsh::BorshSerialize))]
 pub struct ThresholdParams {
   /// Participants needed to sign on behalf of the group.
   t: u16,
@@ -210,16 +199,6 @@ impl ThresholdParams {
   }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "borsh")]
-impl borsh::BorshDeserialize for ThresholdParams {
-  fn deserialize_reader<R: io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> io::Result<Self> {
-    let t = u16::deserialize_reader(reader)?;
-    let n = u16::deserialize_reader(reader)?;
-    let i = Participant::deserialize_reader(reader)?;
-    ThresholdParams::new(t, n, i).map_err(|e| io::Error::other(format!("{e:?}")))
-  }
-}
-
 /// A method of interpolation.
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Zeroize)]
 pub enum Interpolation<F: Zeroize + PrimeField> {

deny.toml

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ ignore = [
   "RUSTSEC-2022-0061", # https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/227
   "RUSTSEC-2024-0370", # proc-macro-error is unmaintained
   "RUSTSEC-2024-0436", # paste is unmaintained
-  "RUSTSEC-2025-0057", # fxhash is unmaintained, fixed with bytecodealliance/wasmtime/pull/11634
 ]
 
 [licenses]
@@ -29,7 +28,6 @@ allow = [
   "ISC",
   "Zlib",
   "Unicode-3.0",
-  # "OpenSSL", # Commented as it's not currently in-use within the Serai tree
   "CDLA-Permissive-2.0",
 
   # Non-invasive copyleft
@@ -73,6 +71,7 @@ exceptions = [
   { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "serai-monero-processor" },
 
   { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "tributary-sdk" },
+  { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "serai-cosign-types" },
   { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "serai-cosign" },
   { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "serai-coordinator-substrate" },
   { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "serai-coordinator-tributary" },
@@ -81,7 +80,9 @@ exceptions = [
   { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "serai-coordinator" },
 
   { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "pallet-session" },
+  { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "substrate-median" },
 
+  { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "serai-core-pallet" },
   { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "serai-coins-pallet" },
   { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "serai-dex-pallet" },
 
@@ -107,6 +108,7 @@ exceptions = [
   { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "serai-message-queue-tests" },
   { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "serai-processor-tests" },
   { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "serai-coordinator-tests" },
+  { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "serai-substrate-tests" },
   { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "serai-full-stack-tests" },
   { allow = ["AGPL-3.0-only"], name = "serai-reproducible-runtime-tests" },
 ]
@@ -124,12 +126,22 @@ multiple-versions = "warn"
 wildcards = "warn"
 highlight = "all"
 deny = [
+  # Contains a non-reproducible binary blob
+  # https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/pull/2514
+  # https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/2575
   { name = "serde_derive", version = ">=1.0.172, <1.0.185" },
+  # Introduced an insecure implementation of `borsh` removed with `0.15.1`
+  # https://github.com/rust-lang/hashbrown/issues/576
   { name = "hashbrown", version = "=0.15.0" },
+
   # Legacy which _no one_ should use anymore
   { name = "is-terminal", version = "*" },
   # Stop introduction into the tree without realizing it
   { name = "once_cell_polyfill", version = "*" },
+
+  # Conflicts with our usage of mimalloc
+  # https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/issues/690
+  { name = "tikv-jemalloc-sys", version = "*" },
 ]
 
 [sources]
@@ -140,6 +152,6 @@ allow-git = [
   "https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/lazy-static.rs",
   "https://github.com/kayabaNerve/elliptic-curves",
   "https://github.com/monero-oxide/monero-oxide",
-  "https://github.com/kayabaNerve/monero-oxide",
+  "https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bip39",
   "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk",
 ]

message-queue/Cargo.toml

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ serai-db = { path = "../common/db", optional = true }
 
 serai-env = { path = "../common/env" }
 
-serai-primitives = { path = "../substrate/primitives", features = ["borsh"] }
+serai-primitives = { path = "../substrate/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
 [features]
 parity-db = ["serai-db/parity-db"]

message-queue/src/main.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use dalek_ff_group::Ristretto;
 pub(crate) use ciphersuite::{group::GroupEncoding, WrappedGroup, GroupCanonicalEncoding};
 pub(crate) use schnorr_signatures::SchnorrSignature;
 
-pub(crate) use serai_primitives::ExternalNetworkId;
+pub(crate) use serai_primitives::network_id::ExternalNetworkId;
 
 pub(crate) use tokio::{
   io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt},
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ async fn main() {
     KEYS.write().unwrap().insert(service, key);
     let mut queues = QUEUES.write().unwrap();
     if service == Service::Coordinator {
-      for network in serai_primitives::EXTERNAL_NETWORKS {
+      for network in ExternalNetworkId::all() {
         queues.insert(
           (service, Service::Processor(network)),
           RwLock::new(Queue(db.clone(), service, Service::Processor(network))),
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ async fn main() {
   };
 
   // Make queues for each ExternalNetworkId
-  for network in serai_primitives::EXTERNAL_NETWORKS {
+  for network in ExternalNetworkId::all() {
     // Use a match so we error if the list of NetworkIds changes
     let Some(key) = read_key(match network {
       ExternalNetworkId::Bitcoin => "BITCOIN_KEY",

message-queue/src/messages.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use ciphersuite::{group::GroupEncoding, FromUniformBytes, WrappedGroup, WithPref
 
 use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
 
-use serai_primitives::ExternalNetworkId;
+use serai_primitives::network_id::ExternalNetworkId;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub enum Service {

networks/bitcoin/Cargo.toml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ license = "MIT"
 repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/networks/bitcoin"
 authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>", "Vrx <vrx00@proton.me>"]
 edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.85"
+rust-version = "1.89"
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 all-features = true
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ k256 = { version = "^0.13.1", default-features = false, features = ["arithmetic"
 frost = { package = "modular-frost", path = "../../crypto/frost", version = "0.11", default-features = false, features = ["secp256k1"] }
 
 hex = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, optional = true }
-serde = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive"], optional = true }
-serde_json = { version = "1", default-features = false, optional = true }
+core-json-traits = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"], optional = true }
+core-json-derive = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, optional = true }
 simple-request = { path = "../../common/request", version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["tokio", "tls", "basic-auth"], optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
@@ -52,15 +52,16 @@ std = [
   "rand_core/std",
 
   "bitcoin/std",
-  "bitcoin/serde",
 
   "k256/std",
   "frost/std",
-
+]
+rpc = [
+  "std",
   "hex/std",
-  "serde/std",
-  "serde_json/std",
+  "core-json-traits",
+  "core-json-derive",
   "simple-request",
 ]
 hazmat = []
-default = ["std"]
+default = ["std", "rpc"]

networks/bitcoin/src/lib.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ pub(crate) mod crypto;
 /// Wallet functionality to create transactions.
 pub mod wallet;
 /// A minimal asynchronous Bitcoin RPC client.
-#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+#[cfg(feature = "rpc")]
 pub mod rpc;
 
 #[cfg(test)]

networks/bitcoin/src/rpc.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
-use core::fmt::Debug;
-use std::collections::HashSet;
+use core::{str::FromStr, fmt::Debug};
+use std::{io::Read, collections::HashSet};
 
 use thiserror::Error;
 
-use serde::{Deserialize, de::DeserializeOwned};
-use serde_json::json;
-
 use simple_request::{hyper, Request, TokioClient as Client};
 
 use bitcoin::{
@@ -14,19 +11,12 @@ use bitcoin::{
   Txid, Transaction, BlockHash, Block,
 };
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Error {
   code: isize,
   message: String,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(untagged)]
-enum RpcResponse<T> {
-  Ok { result: T },
-  Err { error: Error },
-}
-
 /// A minimal asynchronous Bitcoin RPC client.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Rpc {
@@ -34,14 +24,14 @@ pub struct Rpc {
   url: String,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Error)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Error)]
 pub enum RpcError {
   #[error("couldn't connect to node")]
   ConnectionError,
   #[error("request had an error: {0:?}")]
   RequestError(Error),
   #[error("node replied with invalid JSON")]
-  InvalidJson(serde_json::error::Category),
+  InvalidJson,
   #[error("node sent an invalid response ({0})")]
   InvalidResponse(&'static str),
   #[error("node was missing expected methods")]
@@ -66,7 +56,7 @@ impl Rpc {
       Rpc { client: Client::with_connection_pool().map_err(|_| RpcError::ConnectionError)?, url };
 
     // Make an RPC request to verify the node is reachable and sane
-    let res: String = rpc.rpc_call("help", json!([])).await?;
+    let res: String = rpc.call("help", "[]").await?;
 
     // Verify all methods we expect are present
     // If we had a more expanded RPC, due to differences in RPC versions, it wouldn't make sense to
@@ -103,18 +93,16 @@ impl Rpc {
   }
 
   /// Perform an arbitrary RPC call.
-  pub async fn rpc_call<Response: DeserializeOwned + Debug>(
+  pub async fn call<Response: 'static + Default + core_json_traits::JsonDeserialize>(
     &self,
     method: &str,
-    params: serde_json::Value,
+    params: &str,
   ) -> Result<Response, RpcError> {
     let mut request = Request::from(
       hyper::Request::post(&self.url)
         .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
         .body(
-          serde_json::to_vec(&json!({ "jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": method, "params": params }))
-            .unwrap()
-            .into(),
+          format!(r#"{{ "method": "{method}", "params": {params} }}"#).as_bytes().to_vec().into(),
         )
         .unwrap(),
     );
@@ -129,11 +117,53 @@ impl Rpc {
       .await
       .map_err(|_| RpcError::ConnectionError)?;
 
-    let res: RpcResponse<Response> =
-      serde_json::from_reader(&mut res).map_err(|e| RpcError::InvalidJson(e.classify()))?;
+    #[derive(Default, core_json_derive::JsonDeserialize)]
+    struct InternalError {
+      code: Option<i64>,
+      message: Option<String>,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(core_json_derive::JsonDeserialize)]
+    struct RpcResponse<T: core_json_traits::JsonDeserialize> {
+      result: Option<T>,
+      error: Option<InternalError>,
+    }
+    impl<T: core_json_traits::JsonDeserialize> Default for RpcResponse<T> {
+      fn default() -> Self {
+        Self { result: None, error: None }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: `core_json::ReadAdapter`
+    let mut res_vec = vec![];
+    res.read_to_end(&mut res_vec).map_err(|_| RpcError::ConnectionError)?;
+    let res = <RpcResponse<Response> as core_json_traits::JsonStructure>::deserialize_structure::<
+      _,
+      core_json_traits::ConstStack<32>,
+    >(res_vec.as_slice())
+    .map_err(|_| RpcError::InvalidJson)?;
+
     match res {
-      RpcResponse::Ok { result } => Ok(result),
-      RpcResponse::Err { error } => Err(RpcError::RequestError(error)),
+      RpcResponse { result: Some(result), error: None } => Ok(result),
+      RpcResponse { result: None, error: Some(error) } => {
+        let code =
+          error.code.ok_or_else(|| RpcError::InvalidResponse("error was missing `code`"))?;
+        let code = isize::try_from(code)
+          .map_err(|_| RpcError::InvalidResponse("error code exceeded isize::MAX"))?;
+        let message =
+          error.message.ok_or_else(|| RpcError::InvalidResponse("error was missing `message`"))?;
+        Err(RpcError::RequestError(Error { code, message }))
+      }
+      // `invalidateblock` yields this edge case
+      // TODO: https://github.com/core-json/core-json/issues/18
+      RpcResponse { result: None, error: None } => {
+        if core::any::TypeId::of::<Response>() == core::any::TypeId::of::<()>() {
+          Ok(Default::default())
+        } else {
+          Err(RpcError::InvalidResponse("response lacked both a result and an error"))
+        }
+      }
+      _ => Err(RpcError::InvalidResponse("response contained both a result and an error")),
     }
   }
 
@@ -146,16 +176,17 @@ impl Rpc {
     // tip block of the current chain. The "height" of a block is defined as the amount of blocks
     // present when the block was created. Accordingly, the genesis block has height 0, and
     // getblockcount will return 0 when it's only the only block, despite their being one block.
-    self.rpc_call("getblockcount", json!([])).await
+    usize::try_from(self.call::<u64>("getblockcount", "[]").await?)
+      .map_err(|_| RpcError::InvalidResponse("latest block number exceeded usize::MAX"))
   }
 
   /// Get the hash of a block by the block's number.
   pub async fn get_block_hash(&self, number: usize) -> Result<[u8; 32], RpcError> {
-    let mut hash = self
-      .rpc_call::<BlockHash>("getblockhash", json!([number]))
-      .await?
-      .as_raw_hash()
-      .to_byte_array();
+    let mut hash =
+      BlockHash::from_str(&self.call::<String>("getblockhash", &format!("[{number}]")).await?)
+        .map_err(|_| RpcError::InvalidResponse("block hash was not valid hex"))?
+        .as_raw_hash()
+        .to_byte_array();
     // bitcoin stores the inner bytes in reverse order.
     hash.reverse();
     Ok(hash)
@@ -163,16 +194,25 @@ impl Rpc {
 
   /// Get a block's number by its hash.
   pub async fn get_block_number(&self, hash: &[u8; 32]) -> Result<usize, RpcError> {
-    #[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
+    #[derive(Default, core_json_derive::JsonDeserialize)]
     struct Number {
-      height: usize,
+      height: Option<u64>,
     }
-    Ok(self.rpc_call::<Number>("getblockheader", json!([hex::encode(hash)])).await?.height)
+    usize::try_from(
+      self
+        .call::<Number>("getblockheader", &format!(r#"["{}"]"#, hex::encode(hash)))
+        .await?
+        .height
+        .ok_or_else(|| {
+          RpcError::InvalidResponse("`getblockheader` did not include `height` field")
+        })?,
+    )
+    .map_err(|_| RpcError::InvalidResponse("block number exceeded usize::MAX"))
   }
 
   /// Get a block by its hash.
   pub async fn get_block(&self, hash: &[u8; 32]) -> Result<Block, RpcError> {
-    let hex = self.rpc_call::<String>("getblock", json!([hex::encode(hash), 0])).await?;
+    let hex = self.call::<String>("getblock", &format!(r#"["{}", 0]"#, hex::encode(hash))).await?;
     let bytes: Vec<u8> = FromHex::from_hex(&hex)
       .map_err(|_| RpcError::InvalidResponse("node didn't use hex to encode the block"))?;
     let block: Block = encode::deserialize(&bytes)
@@ -189,8 +229,13 @@ impl Rpc {
 
   /// Publish a transaction.
   pub async fn send_raw_transaction(&self, tx: &Transaction) -> Result<Txid, RpcError> {
-    let txid = match self.rpc_call("sendrawtransaction", json!([encode::serialize_hex(tx)])).await {
-      Ok(txid) => txid,
+    let txid = match self
+      .call::<String>("sendrawtransaction", &format!(r#"["{}"]"#, encode::serialize_hex(tx)))
+      .await
+    {
+      Ok(txid) => {
+        Txid::from_str(&txid).map_err(|_| RpcError::InvalidResponse("TXID was not valid hex"))?
+      }
       Err(e) => {
         // A const from Bitcoin's bitcoin/src/rpc/protocol.h
         const RPC_VERIFY_ALREADY_IN_CHAIN: isize = -27;
@@ -211,7 +256,8 @@ impl Rpc {
 
   /// Get a transaction by its hash.
   pub async fn get_transaction(&self, hash: &[u8; 32]) -> Result<Transaction, RpcError> {
-    let hex = self.rpc_call::<String>("getrawtransaction", json!([hex::encode(hash)])).await?;
+    let hex =
+      self.call::<String>("getrawtransaction", &format!(r#"["{}"]"#, hex::encode(hash))).await?;
     let bytes: Vec<u8> = FromHex::from_hex(&hex)
       .map_err(|_| RpcError::InvalidResponse("node didn't use hex to encode the transaction"))?;
     let tx: Transaction = encode::deserialize(&bytes)

networks/bitcoin/tests/runner.rs

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn rpc() -> Rpc {
   // If this node has already been interacted with, clear its chain
   if rpc.get_latest_block_number().await.unwrap() > 0 {
     rpc
-      .rpc_call(
+      .call(
         "invalidateblock",
-        serde_json::json!([hex::encode(rpc.get_block_hash(1).await.unwrap())]),
+        &format!(r#"["{}"]"#, hex::encode(rpc.get_block_hash(1).await.unwrap())),
       )
       .await
       .unwrap()

networks/bitcoin/tests/wallet.rs

@@ -41,21 +41,21 @@ async fn send_and_get_output(rpc: &Rpc, scanner: &Scanner, key: ProjectivePoint)
   let block_number = rpc.get_latest_block_number().await.unwrap() + 1;
 
   rpc
-    .rpc_call::<Vec<String>>(
+    .call::<Vec<String>>(
       "generatetoaddress",
-      serde_json::json!([
-        1,
+      &format!(
+        r#"[1, "{}"]"#,
         Address::from_script(&p2tr_script_buf(key).unwrap(), Network::Regtest).unwrap()
-      ]),
+      ),
     )
     .await
     .unwrap();
 
   // Mine until maturity
   rpc
-    .rpc_call::<Vec<String>>(
+    .call::<Vec<String>>(
       "generatetoaddress",
-      serde_json::json!([100, Address::p2sh(Script::new(), Network::Regtest).unwrap()]),
+      &format!(r#"[100, "{}"]"#, Address::p2sh(Script::new(), Network::Regtest).unwrap()),
     )
     .await
     .unwrap();

networks/ethereum/build-contracts/src/lib.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::{path::PathBuf, fs, process::Command};
 
 /// Build contracts from the specified path, outputting the artifacts to the specified path.
 ///
-/// Requires solc 0.8.26.
+/// Requires solc 0.8.29.
 pub fn build(
   include_paths: &[&str],
   contracts_path: &str,
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ pub fn build(
     if let Some(version) = line.strip_prefix("Version: ") {
       let version =
         version.split('+').next().ok_or_else(|| "no value present on line".to_string())?;
-      if version != "0.8.26" {
-        Err(format!("version was {version}, 0.8.26 required"))?
+      if version != "0.8.29" {
+        Err(format!("version was {version}, 0.8.29 required"))?
       }
     }
   }

networks/ethereum/schnorr/Cargo.toml

@@ -16,10 +16,12 @@ rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-subtle = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
-sha3 = { version = "0.10", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
-group = { version = "0.13", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
-k256 = { version = "^0.13.1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "arithmetic"] }
+std-shims = { path = "../../../common/std-shims", version = "0.1", default-features = false }
+
+subtle = { version = "2", default-features = false }
+sha3 = { version = "0.10", default-features = false }
+group = { version = "0.13", default-features = false }
+k256 = { version = "^0.13.1", default-features = false, features = ["arithmetic"] }
 
 [build-dependencies]
 build-solidity-contracts = { path = "../build-contracts", version = "0.1" }
@@ -40,3 +42,8 @@ alloy-provider = { version = "1", default-features = false }
 alloy-node-bindings = { version = "1", default-features = false }
 
 tokio = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["macros"] }
+
+[features]
+alloc = ["std-shims/alloc", "group/alloc"]
+std = ["alloc", "std-shims/std", "subtle/std", "sha3/std", "k256/std"]
+default = ["std"]

networks/ethereum/schnorr/contracts/Schnorr.sol

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
-pragma solidity ^0.8.26;
+pragma solidity ^0.8.29;
 
 /// @title A library for verifying Schnorr signatures
 /// @author Luke Parker <lukeparker@serai.exchange>

networks/ethereum/schnorr/contracts/tests/Schnorr.sol

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
-pragma solidity ^0.8.26;
+pragma solidity ^0.8.29;
 
 import "../Schnorr.sol";
 

networks/ethereum/schnorr/src/lib.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #![doc = include_str!("../README.md")]
 #![deny(missing_docs)]
 #![allow(non_snake_case)]
+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
 
 mod public_key;
 pub use public_key::PublicKey;

networks/ethereum/schnorr/src/signature.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::io;
+use std_shims::io;
 
 use sha3::{Digest, Keccak256};
 
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ impl Signature {
   }
 
   /// Write the signature.
+  #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
   pub fn write(&self, writer: &mut impl io::Write) -> io::Result<()> {
     writer.write_all(&self.to_bytes())
   }

orchestration/dev/networks/monero/hashes-v0.18.4.2.txt

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
------BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
-Hash: SHA256
-
-# This GPG-signed message exists to confirm the SHA256 sums of Monero binaries.
-#
-# Please verify the signature against the key for binaryFate in the
-# source code repository (/utils/gpg_keys).
-#
-#
-## CLI
-6122f0bcaca12d5badd92002338847d16032f6d52d86155c203bcb67d4fe1518  monero-android-armv7-v0.18.4.2.tar.bz2
-3b248c3201f028205915403b4b2f173df0dd8bf47eeb268fd67a4661251469d3  monero-android-armv8-v0.18.4.2.tar.bz2
-b4e2b7de80107a1b4613b878d8e2114244b3fb16397821d69baa72d9b0f8c8d5  monero-freebsd-x64-v0.18.4.2.tar.bz2
-ecb2577499a3b0901d731e11d462d3fadcd70095f3ab0def0c27ee64dc56b061  monero-linux-armv7-v0.18.4.2.tar.bz2
-a39530054dac348b219f1048a24ca629da26990f72cf9c1f6b6853e3d8c39a79  monero-linux-armv8-v0.18.4.2.tar.bz2
-18492ace80bf8ef2f44aa9a99b4f20adf00fd59c675a6a496211a720088d5d1a  monero-linux-riscv64-v0.18.4.2.tar.bz2
-41d023f2357244ea43ee0a74796f5705ce75ce7373a5865d4959fefa13ecab06  monero-linux-x64-v0.18.4.2.tar.bz2
-03e77a4836861a47430664fa703dd149a355b3b214bc400b04ed38eb064a3ef0  monero-linux-x86-v0.18.4.2.tar.bz2
-9b98da6911b4769abef229c20e21f29d919b11db156965d6f139d2e1ad6625c2  monero-mac-armv8-v0.18.4.2.tar.bz2
-b1b1b580320118d3b6eaa5575fdbd73cf4db90fcc025b7abf875c5e5b4e335c1  monero-mac-x64-v0.18.4.2.tar.bz2
-14dd5aa11308f106183dd7834aa200e74ce6f3497103973696b556e893a4fef2  monero-win-x64-v0.18.4.2.zip
-934d9dbeb06ff5610d2c96ebe34fa480e74f78eaeb3fa3e47d89b7961c9bc5e0  monero-win-x86-v0.18.4.2.zip
-e9ec2062b3547db58f00102e6905621116ab7f56a331e0bc9b9e892607b87d24  monero-source-v0.18.4.2.tar.bz2
-#
-## GUI
-9d6e87add7e3ac006ee34c13c4f629252595395f54421db768f72dc233e94ea8  monero-gui-install-win-x64-v0.18.4.2.exe
-e4fcdea3f0ff27c3616a8a75545f42a4e4866ea374fa2eeaa9c87027573358ea  monero-gui-linux-x64-v0.18.4.2.tar.bz2
-3dfee5c5d8e000c72eb3755bf0eb03ca7c5928b69c3a241e147ad22d144e00a7  monero-gui-mac-armv8-v0.18.4.2.dmg
-16abadcbd608d4f7ba20d17a297f2aa2c9066d33f6f22bf3fcdca679ab603990  monero-gui-mac-x64-v0.18.4.2.dmg
-4daff8850280173d46464ba9a9de7f712228ad1ef76a1c4954531e4fd2b86d86  monero-gui-win-x64-v0.18.4.2.zip
-691085e61ece6c56738431f3cfd395536ca0675214e5991e0dbfab85025e82d7  monero-gui-source-v0.18.4.2.tar.bz2
-#
-#
-# ~binaryFate
------BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
-
-iQIzBAEBCAAdFiEEgaxZH+nEtlxYBq/D8K9NRioL35IFAmitx+kACgkQ8K9NRioL
-35J6cQ/7ByvGstg/a5lIYbB+Lz5bNiPozCILD9/offvC7GgOvna9rkHuofuLS+pX
-qhYEMrjFjmp03XMY+i68M83qkBEZ+yU5iNDbwRuHUNMMWaaGlhnhm3nyUVtDpjjr
-4xwVsee+dzi0JZhVQG7HJFURiP2Ub5Ua6bSaATDoT/aUYdhmrOnQiH2+VxogiCv3
-JStDqXq6LpFjzw7UkAfxxu1PW+AQFNBzi3L0qWfzb5WWL7xuK63wXGmEkYBlvult
-qt3LUhDUzMrfZ5GiiOYDEw44Y2atD4ibOYtBnllCX9CKNb0o2KKU6Qkj+CYqqtnE
-uGNOt1oT09VPOtE7OUkBLVkALjef7ZXRibE7tN4wSnsrG39DP795/52L6CGJbl4n
-UDnHzLCUbuvhnoAu5U+rUP5nUEDYS9ANNyj610ogNCo7YjfzLH641WSQ/UnuXKkA
-RmK8xIiKoOnUeOanX99zqeXqV7gQdQMlfwLUr3pQzCI2YjdvxdRoedSEi5nX5KvO
-Snf3BcCYMBemGYqVMdo95tc0Gmsw12/O8WwrBbTea+PeAXJuLaBxrLNn+RNZLfF/
-UJYq2VcEwxG6vXb3cJ5lDKmRDDRI8Fxu6Amdab+6ponhM8Zy3eAynVIO952pLA7N
-dtl72RsimM+sgHXP4ERYL4c6WARSHE5sAiog43dr56l3PPmM8pE=
-=SoHG
------END PGP SIGNATURE-----

orchestration/dev/networks/monero/hashes-v0.18.4.4.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA256
+
+# This GPG-signed message exists to confirm the SHA256 sums of Monero binaries.
+#
+# Please verify the signature against the key for binaryFate in the
+# source code repository (/utils/gpg_keys).
+#
+#
+## CLI
+7c2ad18ca3a1ad5bc603630ca935a753537a38a803e98d645edd6a3b94a5f036  monero-android-armv7-v0.18.4.4.tar.bz2
+eb81b71f029884ab5fec76597be583982c95fd7dc3fc5f5083a422669cee311e  monero-android-armv8-v0.18.4.4.tar.bz2
+bc539178df23d1ae8b69569d9c328b5438ae585c0aacbebe12d8e7d387a745b0  monero-freebsd-x64-v0.18.4.4.tar.bz2
+2040dc22748ef39ed8a755324d2515261b65315c67b91f449fa1617c5978910b  monero-linux-armv7-v0.18.4.4.tar.bz2
+b9daede195a24bdd05bba68cb5cb21e42c2e18b82d4d134850408078a44231c5  monero-linux-armv8-v0.18.4.4.tar.bz2
+c939ea6e8002798f24a56ac03cbfc4ff586f70d7d9c3321b7794b3bcd1fa4c45  monero-linux-riscv64-v0.18.4.4.tar.bz2
+7fe45ee9aade429ccdcfcad93b905ba45da5d3b46d2dc8c6d5afc48bd9e7f108  monero-linux-x64-v0.18.4.4.tar.bz2
+8c174b756e104534f3d3a69fe68af66d6dc4d66afa97dfe31735f8d069d20570  monero-linux-x86-v0.18.4.4.tar.bz2
+645e9bbae0275f555b2d72a9aa30d5f382df787ca9528d531521750ce2da9768  monero-mac-armv8-v0.18.4.4.tar.bz2
+af3d98f09da94632db3e2f53c62cc612e70bf94aa5942d2a5200b4393cd9c842  monero-mac-x64-v0.18.4.4.tar.bz2
+7eb3b87a105b3711361dd2b3e492ad14219d21ed8fd3dd726573a6cbd96e83a6  monero-win-x64-v0.18.4.4.zip
+a148a2bd2b14183fb36e2cf917fce6f33fb687564db2ed53193b8432097ab398  monero-win-x86-v0.18.4.4.zip
+84570eee26238d8f686605b5e31d59569488a3406f32e7045852de91f35508a2  monero-source-v0.18.4.4.tar.bz2
+#
+## GUI
+4c81c8e97bd542daa453776d888557db1ceb2a718d43f6135ad68b12c8119948  monero-gui-install-win-x64-v0.18.4.4.exe
+e45cb3fa9d972d67628cfed6463fb7604ae1414a11ba449f5e2f901c769ac788  monero-gui-linux-x64-v0.18.4.4.tar.bz2
+a6f071719c401df339dba2d43ec6fffe103fda3e1df46f354b2496f34bb61cc4  monero-gui-mac-armv8-v0.18.4.4.dmg
+811df70811a25f31289f24ebc0edc8f7648670384698d4c768bac5c2acbf2026  monero-gui-mac-x64-v0.18.4.4.dmg
+b96faa56aa77cabed1f31f3fc9496e756a8da8c1124da2b9cb0b3730a8b6fbd9  monero-gui-win-x64-v0.18.4.4.zip
+a7f6b91bc9efaa83173a397614626bf7612123e0017a48f66137ac397f7d19f8  monero-gui-source-v0.18.4.4.tar.bz2
+#
+#
+# ~binaryFate
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+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+=CVLA
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

orchestration/runtime/Dockerfile

@@ -1,20 +1,32 @@
-# rust:1.89.0-slim-bookworm as of August 1st, 2025 (GMT)
-FROM --platform=linux/amd64 rust@sha256:703cfb0f80db8eb8a3452bf5151162472039c1b37fe4fb2957b495a6f0104ae7 AS deterministic
+#check=skip=FromPlatformFlagConstDisallowed
+# We want to explicitly set the platform to ensure a constant host environment
 
-# Move to a Debian package snapshot
-RUN rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources && \
-  rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && \
-  echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20250801T000000Z bookworm main" > /etc/apt/sources.list && \
-  apt update
+# rust:1.91.1-alpine as of November 11th, 2025 (GMT)
+FROM --platform=linux/amd64 rust@sha256:700c0959b23445f69c82676b72caa97ca4359decd075dca55b13339df27dc4d3
 
-# Install dependencies
-RUN apt update -y && apt upgrade -y && apt install -y clang
+# In order to compile the runtime, including the `proc-macro`s and build scripts, we need the
+# required development libraries. These are traditionally provided by `musl-dev` which is not
+# inherently included with this image (https://github.com/rust-lang/docker-rust/issues/68). While we
+# could install it here, we'd be unable to pin the installed package by its hash as desired.
+#
+# Rust does have self-contained libraries, intended to be used when the desired development files
+# are not otherwise available. These can be enabled with `link-self-contained=yes`. Unfortunately,
+# this doesn't work here (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/149371).
+#
+# While we can't set `link-self-contained=yes`, we can install Rust's self-contained libraries onto
+# our system so they're generally available.
+RUN echo '#!/bin/sh' > libs.sh
+RUN echo 'set -e' >> libs.sh
+RUN echo 'SYSROOT=$(rustc --print sysroot)' >> libs.sh
+RUN echo 'LIBS=$SYSROOT/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/self-contained' >> libs.sh
+RUN echo 'ln -s $LIBS/Scrt1.o $LIBS/crti.o $LIBS/crtn.o /usr/lib' >> libs.sh
+# We also need `libc.so` which is already present on the system, just not under that name
+RUN echo 'ln -s /lib/libc.musl-x86_64.so.1 /usr/lib/libc.so' >> libs.sh
+RUN /bin/sh ./libs.sh
 
-# Add the wasm toolchain
+# Add the WASM toolchain
 RUN rustup target add wasm32v1-none
 
-FROM deterministic
-
 # Add files for build
 ADD patches /serai/patches
 ADD common /serai/common
@@ -34,7 +46,8 @@ ADD AGPL-3.0 /serai
 
 WORKDIR /serai
 
-# Build the runtime, copying it to the volume if it exists
-CMD cargo build --release -p serai-runtime && \
-  mkdir -p /volume && \
-  cp /serai/target/release/wbuild/serai-runtime/serai_runtime.wasm /volume/serai.wasm
+# Build the runtime
+RUN cargo build --release -p serai-runtime
+
+# Copy the runtime to the provided volume
+CMD ["cp", "/serai/target/release/wbuild/serai-runtime/serai_runtime.wasm", "/volume/serai.wasm"]

orchestration/src/coordinator.rs

@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@ pub fn coordinator(
 ) {
   let db = network.db();
   let longer_reattempts = if network == Network::Dev { "longer-reattempts" } else { "" };
-  let setup = mimalloc(Os::Debian).to_string() +
+  let setup = mimalloc(Os::Debian) +
     &build_serai_service(
       "",
+      Os::Debian,
       network.release(),
       &format!("{db} {longer_reattempts}"),
       "serai-coordinator",

orchestration/src/ethereum_relayer.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,14 @@ use std::path::Path;
 use crate::{Network, Os, mimalloc, os, build_serai_service, write_dockerfile};
 
 pub fn ethereum_relayer(orchestration_path: &Path, network: Network) {
-  let setup = mimalloc(Os::Debian).to_string() +
-    &build_serai_service("", network.release(), network.db(), "serai-ethereum-relayer");
+  let setup = mimalloc(Os::Debian) +
+    &build_serai_service(
+      "",
+      Os::Debian,
+      network.release(),
+      network.db(),
+      "serai-ethereum-relayer",
+    );
 
   let env_vars = [
     ("DB_PATH", "/volume/ethereum-relayer-db".to_string()),

orchestration/src/main.rs

@@ -143,13 +143,20 @@ WORKDIR /home/{user}
   }
 }
 
-fn build_serai_service(prelude: &str, release: bool, features: &str, package: &str) -> String {
+fn build_serai_service(
+  prelude: &str,
+  os: Os,
+  release: bool,
+  features: &str,
+  package: &str,
+) -> String {
   let profile = if release { "release" } else { "debug" };
   let profile_flag = if release { "--release" } else { "" };
 
-  format!(
-    r#"
-FROM rust:1.90-slim-trixie AS builder
+  (match os {
+    Os::Debian => {
+      r#"
+FROM rust:1.91-slim-trixie AS builder
 
 COPY --from=mimalloc-debian libmimalloc.so /usr/lib
 RUN echo "/usr/lib/libmimalloc.so" >> /etc/ld.so.preload
@@ -161,7 +168,25 @@ RUN apt install -y pkg-config libclang-dev clang
 
 # Dependencies for the Serai node
 RUN apt install -y make protobuf-compiler
+"#
+    }
+    Os::Alpine => {
+      r#"
+FROM rust:1.91-alpine AS builder
 
+COPY --from=mimalloc-alpine libmimalloc.so /usr/lib
+ENV LD_PRELOAD=libmimalloc.so
+
+RUN apk update && apk upgrade
+
+# Add dev dependencies
+RUN apk add clang-dev
+"#
+    }
+  })
+  .to_owned() +
+    &format!(
+      r#"
 # Add the wasm toolchain
 RUN rustup target add wasm32v1-none
 
@@ -195,7 +220,7 @@ RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cargo \
   cargo build {profile_flag} --features "{features}" -p {package} && \
   mv /serai/target/{profile}/{package} /serai/bin
 "#
-  )
+    )
 }
 
 pub fn write_dockerfile(path: PathBuf, dockerfile: &str) {

orchestration/src/message_queue.rs

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ pub fn message_queue(
   ethereum_key: <Ristretto as WrappedGroup>::G,
   monero_key: <Ristretto as WrappedGroup>::G,
 ) {
-  let setup = mimalloc(Os::Debian).to_string() +
-    &build_serai_service("", network.release(), network.db(), "serai-message-queue");
+  let setup = mimalloc(Os::Alpine) +
+    &build_serai_service("", Os::Alpine, network.release(), network.db(), "serai-message-queue");
 
   let env_vars = [
     ("COORDINATOR_KEY", hex::encode(coordinator_key.to_bytes())),
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ CMD {env_vars_str} serai-message-queue
 "#
   );
 
-  let run = os(Os::Debian, "", "messagequeue") + &run_message_queue;
+  let run = os(Os::Alpine, "", "messagequeue") + &run_message_queue;
   let res = setup + &run;
 
   let mut message_queue_path = orchestration_path.to_path_buf();

orchestration/src/mimalloc.rs

@@ -1,36 +1,85 @@
 use crate::Os;
 
-pub fn mimalloc(os: Os) -> &'static str {
-  const ALPINE_MIMALLOC: &str = r#"
+// 2.2.4
+const MIMALLOC_VERSION: &str = "fbd8b99c2b828428947d70fdc046bb55609be93e";
+const FLAGS: &str =
+  "-DMI_SECURE=ON -DMI_GUARDED=ON -DMI_BUILD_STATIC=OFF -DMI_BUILD_OBJECT=OFF -DMI_BUILD_TESTS=OFF";
+
+pub fn mimalloc(os: Os) -> String {
+  let build_script = |env, flags| {
+    format!(
+      r#"
+#!/bin/sh
+set -e
+
+git clone https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc
+cd mimalloc
+git checkout {MIMALLOC_VERSION}
+
+# For some reason, `mimalloc` contains binary blobs in the repository, so we remove those now
+rm -rf .git ./bin
+
+mkdir -p out/secure
+cd out/secure
+
+# `CMakeLists.txt` requires a C++ compiler but `mimalloc` does not use one by default. We claim
+# there is a working C++ compiler so CMake doesn't complain, allowing us to not unnecessarily
+# install one. If it was ever invoked, our choice of `false` would immediately let us know.
+# https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc/issues/1179
+{env} CXX=false cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_WORKS=1 {FLAGS} ../..
+make
+
+cd ../..
+
+# Copy the built library to the original directory
+cd ..
+cp mimalloc/out/secure/libmimalloc-secure.so ./libmimalloc.so
+# Clean up the source directory
+rm -rf ./mimalloc
+  "#
+    )
+  };
+
+  let build_commands = |env, flags| {
+    let mut result = String::new();
+    for line in build_script(env, flags)
+      .lines()
+      .map(|line| {
+        assert!(!line.contains('"'));
+        format!(r#"RUN echo "{line}" >> ./mimalloc.sh"#)
+      })
+      .chain(["RUN /bin/sh ./mimalloc.sh", "RUN rm ./mimalloc.sh"].into_iter().map(str::to_string))
+    {
+      result.push_str(&line);
+      result.push('\n');
+    }
+    result
+  };
+  let alpine_build = build_commands("CC=$(uname -m)-alpine-linux-musl-gcc", "-DMI_LIBC_MUSL=ON");
+  let debian_build = build_commands("", "");
+
+  let alpine_mimalloc = format!(
+    r#"
 FROM alpine:latest AS mimalloc-alpine
 
-RUN apk update && apk upgrade && apk --no-cache add gcc g++ libc-dev make cmake git
-RUN git clone https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc && \
-  cd mimalloc && \
-  git checkout 43ce4bd7fd34bcc730c1c7471c99995597415488 && \
-  mkdir -p out/secure && \
-  cd out/secure && \
-  cmake -DMI_SECURE=ON ../.. && \
-  make && \
-  cp ./libmimalloc-secure.so ../../../libmimalloc.so
-"#;
+RUN apk update && apk upgrade && apk --no-cache add musl-dev gcc make cmake git
 
-  const DEBIAN_MIMALLOC: &str = r#"
+{alpine_build}
+"#
+  );
+
+  let debian_mimalloc = format!(
+    r#"
 FROM debian:trixie-slim AS mimalloc-debian
 
-RUN apt update && apt upgrade -y && apt install -y gcc g++ make cmake git
-RUN git clone https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc && \
-  cd mimalloc && \
-  git checkout 43ce4bd7fd34bcc730c1c7471c99995597415488 && \
-  mkdir -p out/secure && \
-  cd out/secure && \
-  cmake -DMI_SECURE=ON ../.. && \
-  make && \
-  cp ./libmimalloc-secure.so ../../../libmimalloc.so
-"#;
+RUN apt update && apt upgrade -y && apt install -y gcc make cmake git
+
+{debian_build}
+"#
+  );
 
   match os {
-    Os::Alpine => ALPINE_MIMALLOC,
-    Os::Debian => DEBIAN_MIMALLOC,
+    Os::Alpine => alpine_mimalloc,
+    Os::Debian => debian_mimalloc,
   }
 }

orchestration/src/networks/bitcoin.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ pub fn bitcoin(orchestration_path: &Path, network: Network) {
   const DOWNLOAD_BITCOIN: &str = r#"
 FROM alpine:latest AS bitcoin
 
-ENV BITCOIN_VERSION=29.1
+ENV BITCOIN_VERSION=30.0
 
 RUN apk --no-cache add wget git gnupg
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ RUN tar xzvf bitcoin-${BITCOIN_VERSION}-$(uname -m)-linux-gnu.tar.gz
 RUN mv bitcoin-${BITCOIN_VERSION}/bin/bitcoind .
 "#;
 
-  let setup = mimalloc(Os::Debian).to_string() + DOWNLOAD_BITCOIN;
+  let setup = mimalloc(Os::Debian) + DOWNLOAD_BITCOIN;
 
   let run_bitcoin = format!(
     r#"

orchestration/src/networks/ethereum/mod.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub fn ethereum(orchestration_path: &Path, network: Network) {
       (reth(network), nimbus(network))
     };
 
-  let download = mimalloc(Os::Alpine).to_string() + &el_download + &cl_download;
+  let download = mimalloc(Os::Alpine) + &el_download + &cl_download;
 
   let run = format!(
     r#"
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ CMD ["/run.sh"]
 "#,
     network.label()
   );
-  let run = mimalloc(Os::Debian).to_string() +
+  let run = mimalloc(Os::Debian) +
     &os(Os::Debian, &(el_run_as_root + "\r\n" + &cl_run_as_root), "ethereum") +
     &el_run +
     &cl_run +

orchestration/src/networks/monero.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ fn monero_internal(
   monero_binary: &str,
   ports: &str,
 ) {
-  const MONERO_VERSION: &str = "0.18.4.2";
+  const MONERO_VERSION: &str = "0.18.4.4";
 
   let arch = match std::env::consts::ARCH {
     // We probably would run this without issues yet it's not worth needing to provide support for
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ RUN tar -xvjf monero-linux-{arch}-v{MONERO_VERSION}.tar.bz2 --strip-components=1
     network.label(),
   );
 
-  let setup = mimalloc(os).to_string() + &download_monero;
+  let setup = mimalloc(os) + &download_monero;
 
   let run_monero = format!(
     r#"

orchestration/src/processor.rs

@@ -17,17 +17,18 @@ pub fn processor(
   substrate_evrf_key: Zeroizing<Vec<u8>>,
   network_evrf_key: Zeroizing<Vec<u8>>,
 ) {
-  let setup = mimalloc(Os::Debian).to_string() +
+  let setup = mimalloc(Os::Debian) +
     &build_serai_service(
       if coin == "ethereum" {
         r#"
 RUN cargo install svm-rs
-RUN svm install 0.8.26
-RUN svm use 0.8.26
+RUN svm install 0.8.29
+RUN svm use 0.8.29
 "#
       } else {
         ""
       },
+      Os::Debian,
       network.release(),
       &format!("binaries {} {coin}", network.db()),
       "serai-processor",