Update build-dependencies CI action

Minor cargo update
Restore a runtime which compiles
2025-12-10 13:09:24 +00:00 · 2025-09-21 15:40:15 -04:00 · 2025-09-21 15:40:05 -04:00 · 2025-09-21 13:16:43 -04:00 · 2025-09-20 04:45:28 -04:00 · 2025-09-20 04:16:01 -04:00
27 changed files with 778 additions and 1399 deletions
--- a/.github/actions/build-dependencies/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/build-dependencies/action.yml
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ runs:
    - name: Remove unused packages
      shell: bash
      run: |
+        # Ensure the repositories are synced
+        sudo apt update -y
+
+        # Actually perform the removals
        sudo apt remove -y "*powershell*" "*nuget*" "*bazel*" "*ansible*" "*terraform*" "*heroku*" "*aws*" azure-cli
        sudo apt remove -y "*nodejs*" "*npm*" "*yarn*" "*java*" "*kotlin*" "*golang*" "*swift*" "*julia*" "*fortran*" "*android*"
        sudo apt remove -y "*apache2*" "*nginx*" "*firefox*" "*chromium*" "*chrome*" "*edge*"
@@ -14,8 +18,9 @@ runs:
        sudo apt remove -y --allow-remove-essential -f shim-signed *python3*
        # This removal command requires the prior removals due to unmet dependencies otherwise
        sudo apt remove -y "*qemu*" "*sql*" "*texinfo*" "*imagemagick*"
+
        # Reinstall python3 as a general dependency of a functional operating system
-        sudo apt install python3
+        sudo apt install -y python3 --fix-missing
      if: runner.os == 'Linux'

    - name: Remove unused packages
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
--- a/substrate/abi/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/abi/Cargo.toml
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ workspace = true
 borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "de_strict_order"] }

 bitvec = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
-sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

 serde = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive"], optional = true }
 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive"], optional = true }
-sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false, features = ["serde"], optional = true }
-frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false, optional = true }
+sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false, features = ["serde"], optional = true }
+frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false, optional = true }

 serai-primitives = { path = "../primitives", version = "0.1", default-features = false }

--- a/substrate/abi/src/economic_security.rs
+++ b/substrate/abi/src/economic_security.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};

-use serai_primitives::network_id::ExternalNetworkId;
+use serai_primitives::{
+  network_id::ExternalNetworkId,
+  balance::{Amount, ExternalBalance},
+};

 /// An event from economic security.
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
@@ -14,7 +17,10 @@ pub enum Event {

 /// A trait representing access to the information on economic security.
 pub trait EconomicSecurity {
-  /// If am external network has _ever_ achieved economic security.
+  /// If an external network has _ever_ achieved economic security.
  #[must_use]
  fn achieved_economic_security(network: ExternalNetworkId) -> bool;
+
+  /// The security oracle's valuation of this balance in SRI.
+  fn sri_value(balance: ExternalBalance) -> Amount;
 }
--- a/substrate/abi/src/signals.rs
+++ b/substrate/abi/src/signals.rs
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ pub enum Call {
  stand_against {
    /// The signal to stand against.
    signal: Signal,
+    /// The network this validator is standing against the signal on behalf of.
+    with_network: NetworkId,
  },
 }

--- a/substrate/abi/src/validator_sets.rs
+++ b/substrate/abi/src/validator_sets.rs
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ use serai_primitives::{
 pub enum Call {
  /// Set the keys for a validator set.
  set_keys {
-    /// The validator set which is setting their keys.
-    validator_set: ExternalValidatorSet,
+    /// The network whose latest decided validator set is setting their keys..
+    network: ExternalNetworkId,
    /// The keys being set.
    key_pair: KeyPair,
    /// The participants in the validator set who signed off on these keys.
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ pub enum Call {
  },
  /// Report a validator set's slashes onto Serai.
  report_slashes {
-    /// The validator set which is setting their keys.
-    validator_set: ExternalValidatorSet,
+    /// The network whose latest retired validator set is reporting their slashes.
+    network: ExternalNetworkId,
    /// The slashes they're reporting.
    slashes: SlashReport,
    /// The signature confirming the validity of this slash report.
@@ -77,12 +77,24 @@ impl Call {
  }
 }

+/// The timeline for a deallocation.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
+pub enum DeallocationTimeline {
+  /// The deallocation is available immediately.
+  Immediate,
+  /// The dealocation was delayed.
+  Delayed {
+    /// The session the deallocation unlocks at and can be claimed.
+    unlocks_at: Session,
+  },
+}
+
 /// An event from the validator sets.
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub enum Event {
-  /// A new validator set was declared.
-  NewSet {
-    /// The set declared.
+  /// A new validator set was decided.
+  SetDecided {
+    /// The set decided.
    set: ValidatorSet,
  },
  /// A validator set has set their keys.
@@ -97,10 +109,20 @@ pub enum Event {
    /// The set which accepted responsibility from the prior set.
    set: ValidatorSet,
  },
-  /// A validator set has retired.
-  SetRetired {
-    /// The set retired.
-    set: ValidatorSet,
+  /// A slash report has been entered for this validator set.
+  ///
+  /// This may be due to a slash report being published or a default being used due to one not
+  /// being received within time.
+  SlashReport {
+    /// The set whose slash report has been entered.
+    set: ExternalValidatorSet,
+  },
+  /// A validator set their keys on an embedded elliptic curve for a network.
+  SetEmbeddedEllipticCurveKeys {
+    /// The validator which set their keys.
+    validator: SeraiAddress,
+    /// The network which they set embedded elliptic curve keys for.
+    network: ExternalNetworkId,
  },
  /// A validator's allocation to a network has increased.
  Allocation {
@@ -119,13 +141,11 @@ pub enum Event {
    network: NetworkId,
    /// The amount of stake deallocated.
    amount: Amount,
-    /// The session which claiming the deallocation was delayed until.
-    delayed_until: Option<Session>,
+    /// The timeline for this deallocation.
+    timeline: DeallocationTimeline,
  },
-  /// A validator's deallocation from a network has been claimed.
-  ///
-  /// This is only emited for deallocations which were delayed and has to be explicitly claimed.
-  DeallocationClaimed {
+  /// A validator's delayed deallocation from a network has been claimed.
+  DelayedDeallocationClaimed {
    /// The validator who claimed their deallocation.
    validator: SeraiAddress,
    /// The validator set the deallocation was delayed until.
--- a/substrate/client/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/client/Cargo.toml
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ serde_json = { version = "1", optional = true }
 serai-abi = { path = "../abi", version = "0.1" }

 multiaddr = { version = "0.18", optional = true }
-sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", optional = true }
-sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", optional = true }
-frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", optional = true }
+sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", optional = true }
+sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", optional = true }
+frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", optional = true }

 async-lock = "3"

--- a/substrate/coins/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/coins/Cargo.toml
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ workspace = true
 [dependencies]
 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }

-sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

-frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

 serai-abi = { path = "../abi", default-features = false, features = ["substrate"] }
 serai-core-pallet = { path = "../core", default-features = false }
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ serai-core-pallet = { path = "../core", default-features = false }
 [dev-dependencies]
 borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive", "de_strict_order"] }

-sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }

 [features]
 std = [
--- a/substrate/coins/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/coins/src/lib.rs
@@ -49,10 +49,12 @@ mod pallet {
  /// The instance used to represent coins on the Serai network.
  ///
  /// This would either be SRI itself or the sriXYZ coins swappable via pools.
+  #[derive(Default)]
  pub struct CoinsInstance;
  /// The instance used to represent liquidity tokens on the Serai network.
  ///
  /// Coin::XYZ would be considered as the liquidity token for the Coin::SRI - Coin::XYZ pool.
+  #[derive(Default)]
  pub struct LiquidityTokensInstance;

  /// The configuration of this pallet.
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ mod pallet {

  /// The genesis state to use for this pallet.
  #[pallet::genesis_config]
-  #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Encode, Decode)]
+  #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
  pub struct GenesisConfig<T: Config<I>, I: 'static = ()> {
    /// The balances to initiate the state with.
    ///
@@ -76,10 +78,9 @@ mod pallet {
    /// PhantomData to bind `I`.
    pub _instance: PhantomData<I>,
  }
-
  impl<T: Config<I>, I: 'static> Default for GenesisConfig<T, I> {
    fn default() -> Self {
-      GenesisConfig { accounts: Default::default(), _instance: Default::default() }
+      Self { accounts: Default::default(), _instance: PhantomData }
    }
  }

--- a/substrate/core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/core/Cargo.toml
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "de_str

 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }

-sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

-frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

 serai-abi = { path = "../abi", default-features = false, features = ["substrate"] }

--- a/substrate/dex/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/dex/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@ workspace = true
 [dependencies]
 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3.6.1", default-features = false }

-sp-std = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+sp-std = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

-frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-frame-benchmarking = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false, optional = true }
+frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+frame-benchmarking = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false, optional = true }

 coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../coins", default-features = false }

--- a/substrate/economic-security/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/economic-security/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ workspace = true
 [dependencies]
 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }

-frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

 dex-pallet = { package = "serai-dex-pallet", path = "../dex", default-features = false }
 coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../coins", default-features = false }
@@ -30,16 +30,16 @@ coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../coins", default-feat
 serai-primitives = { path = "../primitives", default-features = false }

 [dev-dependencies]
-pallet-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-pallet-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-pallet-timestamp = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+pallet-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+pallet-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+pallet-timestamp = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

 validator-sets-pallet = { package = "serai-validator-sets-pallet", path = "../validator-sets", default-features = false }

-sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-consensus-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-consensus-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

 [features]
 std = [
--- a/substrate/emissions/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/emissions/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ workspace = true
 [dependencies]
 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }

-frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

-sp-std = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+sp-std = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

 coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../coins", default-features = false }
 validator-sets-pallet = { package = "serai-validator-sets-pallet", path = "../validator-sets", default-features = false }
--- a/substrate/genesis-liquidity/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/genesis-liquidity/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ workspace = true
 [dependencies]
 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }

-frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

-sp-std = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-application-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+sp-std = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-application-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

 dex-pallet = { package = "serai-dex-pallet", path = "../dex", default-features = false }
 coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../coins", default-features = false }
--- a/substrate/in-instructions/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/in-instructions/Cargo.toml
@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@ bitvec = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }

 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "max-encoded-len"] }

-sp-std = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-application-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+sp-std = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-application-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

-frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

 serai-primitives = { path = "../primitives", default-features = false }

@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ genesis-liquidity-pallet = { package = "serai-genesis-liquidity-pallet", path =
 emissions-pallet = { package = "serai-emissions-pallet", path = "../emissions", default-features = false }

 [dev-dependencies]
-pallet-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-pallet-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-pallet-timestamp = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+pallet-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+pallet-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+pallet-timestamp = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

 economic-security-pallet = { package = "serai-economic-security-pallet", path = "../economic-security", default-features = false }

--- a/substrate/node/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/node/Cargo.toml
@@ -34,16 +34,16 @@ secq256k1 = { path = "../../crypto/secq256k1" }

 libp2p = "0.56"

-sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sp-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sp-timestamp = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sp-blockchain = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sp-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sp-block-builder = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sp-consensus-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
+sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sp-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sp-timestamp = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sp-blockchain = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sp-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sp-block-builder = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sp-consensus-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }

-frame-benchmarking = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
+frame-benchmarking = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }

 serai-runtime = { path = "../runtime", features = ["std"] }

@@ -55,24 +55,24 @@ jsonrpsee = { version = "0.24", features = ["server"] }

 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }

-sc-transaction-pool = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sc-transaction-pool-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sc-basic-authorship = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sc-executor = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sc-service = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sc-client-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sc-network-common = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sc-network = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+sc-transaction-pool = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sc-transaction-pool-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sc-basic-authorship = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sc-executor = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sc-service = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sc-client-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sc-network-common = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sc-network = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

-sc-consensus = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sc-consensus-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sc-consensus-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sc-authority-discovery = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
+sc-consensus = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sc-consensus-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sc-consensus-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sc-authority-discovery = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }

-sc-telemetry = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
-sc-cli = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false, features = ["rocksdb"] }
+sc-telemetry = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }
+sc-cli = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false, features = ["rocksdb"] }

-sc-rpc-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
+sc-rpc-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }

 serai-env = { path = "../../common/env" }

--- a/substrate/primitives/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/primitives/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "de_str

 bitvec = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive"], optional = true }
-sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

 ciphersuite = { path = "../../crypto/ciphersuite", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 schnorr-signatures = { path = "../../crypto/schnorr", default-features = false }
--- a/substrate/runtime/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/runtime/Cargo.toml
@@ -20,16 +20,22 @@ workspace = true
 [dependencies]
 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }

-sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-version = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-session = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-version = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

 serai-abi = { path = "../abi", default-features = false, features = ["substrate"] }

-frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-frame-executive = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+frame-executive = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+
+pallet-timestamp = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+pallet-session = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+pallet-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+pallet-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

 serai-core-pallet = { path = "../core", default-features = false }
 serai-coins-pallet = { path = "../coins", default-features = false }
@@ -37,13 +43,14 @@ serai-validator-sets-pallet = { path = "../validator-sets", default-features = f
 serai-signals-pallet = { path = "../signals", default-features = false }

 [build-dependencies]
-substrate-wasm-builder = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7" }
+substrate-wasm-builder = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9" }

 [features]
 std = [
  "scale/std",

  "sp-core/std",
+  "sp-session/std",
  "sp-version/std",
  "sp-runtime/std",
  "sp-api/std",
@@ -54,6 +61,10 @@ std = [
  "frame-support/std",
  "frame-executive/std",

+  "pallet-session/std",
+  "pallet-babe/std",
+  "pallet-grandpa/std",
+
  "serai-core-pallet/std",
  "serai-coins-pallet/std",
  "serai-validator-sets-pallet/std",
@@ -69,6 +80,10 @@ try-runtime = [
  "frame-support/try-runtime",
  "frame-executive/try-runtime",

+  "pallet-session/try-runtime",
+  "pallet-babe/try-runtime",
+  "pallet-grandpa/try-runtime",
+
  "serai-core-pallet/try-runtime",
  "serai-coins-pallet/try-runtime",
  "serai-validator-sets-pallet/try-runtime",
@@ -81,6 +96,10 @@ runtime-benchmarks = [
  "frame-system/runtime-benchmarks",
  "frame-support/runtime-benchmarks",

+  "pallet-babe/runtime-benchmarks",
+  "pallet-grandpa/runtime-benchmarks",
+
+  "pallet-session/runtime-benchmarks",
  "serai-core-pallet/runtime-benchmarks",
  "serai-coins-pallet/runtime-benchmarks",
  "serai-validator-sets-pallet/runtime-benchmarks",
--- a/substrate/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -8,13 +8,17 @@ extern crate alloc;

 use alloc::borrow::Cow;

-use sp_core::sr25519::Public;
+use sp_core::{ConstU32, ConstU64, sr25519::Public};
 use sp_runtime::{Perbill, Weight};
 use sp_version::RuntimeVersion;

-#[rustfmt::skip]
 use serai_abi::{
-  primitives::address::SeraiAddress, SubstrateHeader as Header, SubstrateBlock,
+  primitives::{
+    network_id::{ExternalNetworkId, NetworkId},
+    balance::{Amount, ExternalBalance},
+    address::SeraiAddress,
+  },
+  SubstrateHeader as Header, SubstrateBlock,
 };

 use serai_coins_pallet::{CoinsInstance, LiquidityTokensInstance};
@@ -79,13 +83,22 @@ mod runtime {
  pub type Coins = serai_coins_pallet::Pallet<Runtime, CoinsInstance>;

  #[runtime::pallet_index(3)]
-  pub type LiquidityTokens = serai_coins_pallet::Pallet<Runtime, LiquidityTokensInstance>;
-
-  #[runtime::pallet_index(4)]
  pub type ValidatorSets = serai_validator_sets_pallet::Pallet<Runtime>;

-  #[runtime::pallet_index(5)]
+  #[runtime::pallet_index(4)]
  pub type Signals = serai_signals_pallet::Pallet<Runtime>;
+
+  #[runtime::pallet_index(5)]
+  pub type LiquidityTokens = serai_coins_pallet::Pallet<Runtime, LiquidityTokensInstance>;
+
+  #[runtime::pallet_index(0xfd)]
+  pub type Session = pallet_session::Pallet<Runtime>;
+
+  #[runtime::pallet_index(0xfe)]
+  pub type Babe = pallet_babe::Pallet<Runtime>;
+
+  #[runtime::pallet_index(0xff)]
+  pub type Grandpa = pallet_grandpa::Pallet<Runtime>;
 }

 impl frame_system::Config for Runtime {
@@ -104,7 +117,7 @@ impl frame_system::Config for Runtime {
  type Block = Block;
  // Don't track old block hashes within the System pallet
  // We use not a number -> hash index, but a hash -> () index, in our own pallet
-  type BlockHashCount = sp_core::ConstU64<1>;
+  type BlockHashCount = ConstU64<1>;
  type DbWeight = frame_support::weights::constants::RocksDbWeight;
  type Version = Version;
  type PalletInfo = PalletInfo;
@@ -118,7 +131,7 @@ impl frame_system::Config for Runtime {
  // We don't invoke any hooks on-set-code as we don't perform upgrades via the blockchain yet via
  // nodes, ensuring everyone who upgrades consents to the rules they upgrade to
  type OnSetCode = ();
-  type MaxConsumers = sp_core::ConstU32<{ u32::MAX }>;
+  type MaxConsumers = ConstU32<{ u32::MAX }>;
  // No migrations set
  type SingleBlockMigrations = ();
  type MultiBlockMigrator = ();
@@ -133,15 +146,84 @@ impl serai_core_pallet::Config for Runtime {}
 impl serai_coins_pallet::Config<CoinsInstance> for Runtime {
  type AllowMint = serai_coins_pallet::AlwaysAllowMint; // TODO
 }
-impl serai_coins_pallet::Config<LiquidityTokensInstance> for Runtime {
-  type AllowMint = serai_coins_pallet::AlwaysAllowMint;
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub struct EconomicSecurity; // TODO
+impl serai_abi::economic_security::EconomicSecurity for EconomicSecurity {
+  fn achieved_economic_security(_network: ExternalNetworkId) -> bool {
+    false
+  }
+  fn sri_value(_balance: ExternalBalance) -> Amount {
+    Amount(0)
+  }
 }
 impl serai_validator_sets_pallet::Config for Runtime {
  type ShouldEndSession = Babe;
+  type EconomicSecurity = EconomicSecurity;
 }
 impl serai_signals_pallet::Config for Runtime {
-  type RetirementValidityDuration = sp_core::ConstU64<0>; // TODO
-  type RetirementLockInDuration = sp_core::ConstU64<0>; // TODO
+  type RetirementValidityDuration = ConstU64<0>; // TODO
+  type RetirementLockInDuration = ConstU64<0>; // TODO
+}
+impl serai_coins_pallet::Config<LiquidityTokensInstance> for Runtime {
+  type AllowMint = serai_coins_pallet::AlwaysAllowMint;
+}
+
+/*
+  `pallet-babe` requires we implement `pallet-timestamp` for the associated constants. It does not
+  actually require we offer the timestamp pallet however, and we don't as we follow our methodology
+  (using the block header for timestamps, not an inherent transaction).
+
+  TODO: Set timestamp when executing a block.
+*/
+impl pallet_timestamp::Config for Runtime {
+  type Moment = u64;
+  type OnTimestampSet = Babe;
+  type MinimumPeriod = ConstU64<0>; // TODO
+  type WeightInfo = ();
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub struct GetCurrentSessionForSubstrate;
+impl pallet_session::GetCurrentSessionForSubstrate for GetCurrentSessionForSubstrate {
+  fn get() -> u32 {
+    serai_validator_sets_pallet::Pallet::<Runtime>::current_session(NetworkId::Serai)
+      .map(|session| session.0)
+      .unwrap_or(0)
+  }
+}
+impl pallet_session::Config for Runtime {
+  type Session = GetCurrentSessionForSubstrate;
+}
+
+type MaxAuthorities =
+  ConstU32<{ serai_abi::primitives::validator_sets::KeyShares::MAX_PER_SET_U32 }>;
+impl pallet_babe::Config for Runtime {
+  type EpochDuration = ConstU64<0>; // TODO
+
+  type ExpectedBlockTime = ConstU64<0>; // TODO
+  type EpochChangeTrigger = pallet_babe::ExternalTrigger;
+
+  type WeightInfo = ();
+  type MaxAuthorities = MaxAuthorities;
+  type MaxNominators = ConstU32<1>;
+
+  // TODO: https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/issues/657
+  type DisabledValidators = ();
+  type KeyOwnerProof = sp_session::MembershipProof;
+  type EquivocationReportSystem = ();
+}
+impl pallet_grandpa::Config for Runtime {
+  type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+
+  type WeightInfo = ();
+  type MaxAuthorities = MaxAuthorities;
+  type MaxNominators = ConstU32<1>;
+
+  // TODO: https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/issues/657
+  type MaxSetIdSessionEntries = ConstU64<0>;
+  type KeyOwnerProof = sp_session::MembershipProof;
+  type EquivocationReportSystem = ();
 }

 impl From<Option<SeraiAddress>> for RuntimeOrigin {
@@ -158,36 +240,54 @@ impl From<serai_abi::Call> for RuntimeCall {
    match call {
      serai_abi::Call::Coins(call) => {
        use serai_abi::coins::Call;
-        match call {
-          Call::transfer { to, coins } => {
-            RuntimeCall::Coins(serai_coins_pallet::Call::transfer { to: to.into(), coins })
-          }
-          Call::burn { coins } => RuntimeCall::Coins(serai_coins_pallet::Call::burn { coins }),
+        use serai_coins_pallet::Call as Scall;
+        RuntimeCall::Coins(match call {
+          Call::transfer { to, coins } => Scall::transfer { to: to.into(), coins },
+          Call::burn { coins } => Scall::burn { coins },
          Call::burn_with_instruction { instruction } => {
-            RuntimeCall::Coins(serai_coins_pallet::Call::burn_with_instruction { instruction })
+            Scall::burn_with_instruction { instruction }
          }
-        }
+        })
      }
      serai_abi::Call::ValidatorSets(call) => {
        use serai_abi::validator_sets::Call;
-        match call {
-          Call::set_keys { .. } |
-          Call::report_slashes { .. } |
-          Call::set_embedded_elliptic_curve_keys { .. } |
-          Call::allocate { .. } |
-          Call::deallocate { .. } |
-          Call::claim_deallocation { .. } => todo!("TODO"),
-        }
+        use serai_validator_sets_pallet::Call as Scall;
+        RuntimeCall::ValidatorSets(match call {
+          Call::set_keys { network, key_pair, signature_participants, signature } => {
+            Scall::set_keys { network, key_pair, signature_participants, signature }
+          }
+          Call::report_slashes { network, slashes, signature } => {
+            Scall::report_slashes { network, slashes, signature }
+          }
+          Call::set_embedded_elliptic_curve_keys { keys } => {
+            Scall::set_embedded_elliptic_curve_keys { keys }
+          }
+          Call::allocate { network, amount } => Scall::allocate { network, amount },
+          Call::deallocate { network, amount } => Scall::deallocate { network, amount },
+          Call::claim_deallocation { deallocation } => Scall::claim_deallocation {
+            network: deallocation.network,
+            session: deallocation.session,
+          },
+        })
      }
      serai_abi::Call::Signals(call) => {
        use serai_abi::signals::Call;
-        match call {
-          Call::register_retirement_signal { .. } |
-          Call::revoke_retirement_signal { .. } |
-          Call::favor { .. } |
-          Call::revoke_favor { .. } |
-          Call::stand_against { .. } => todo!("TODO"),
-        }
+        use serai_signals_pallet::Call as Scall;
+        RuntimeCall::Signals(match call {
+          Call::register_retirement_signal { in_favor_of } => {
+            Scall::register_retirement_signal { in_favor_of }
+          }
+          Call::revoke_retirement_signal { was_in_favor_of } => {
+            Scall::revoke_retirement_signal { retirement_signal: was_in_favor_of }
+          }
+          Call::favor { signal, with_network } => Scall::favor { signal, with_network },
+          Call::revoke_favor { signal, with_network } => {
+            Scall::revoke_favor { signal, with_network }
+          }
+          Call::stand_against { signal, with_network } => {
+            Scall::stand_against { signal, with_network }
+          }
+        })
      }
      serai_abi::Call::Dex(call) => {
        use serai_abi::dex::Call;
@@ -331,9 +431,6 @@ pub use in_instructions_pallet as in_instructions;

 pub use signals_pallet as signals;

-pub use pallet_babe as babe;
-pub use pallet_grandpa as grandpa;
-
 pub use genesis_liquidity_pallet as genesis_liquidity;
 pub use emissions_pallet as emissions;

@@ -492,43 +589,9 @@ impl pallet_authorship::Config for Runtime {
  type EventHandler = ();
 }

-// Maximum number of authorities per session.
-pub type MaxAuthorities = ConstU32<{ validator_sets::primitives::MAX_KEY_SHARES_PER_SET_U32 }>;
-
 /// Longevity of an offence report.
 pub type ReportLongevity = <Runtime as pallet_babe::Config>::EpochDuration;

-impl babe::Config for Runtime {
-  #[cfg(feature = "fast-epoch")]
-  type EpochDuration = ConstU64<{ FAST_EPOCH_DURATION }>;
-
-  #[cfg(not(feature = "fast-epoch"))]
-  type EpochDuration = ConstU64<{ 4 * 7 * DAYS }>;
-
-  type ExpectedBlockTime = ConstU64<{ TARGET_BLOCK_TIME * 1000 }>;
-  type EpochChangeTrigger = babe::ExternalTrigger;
-  type DisabledValidators = ValidatorSets;
-
-  type WeightInfo = ();
-  type MaxAuthorities = MaxAuthorities;
-
-  type KeyOwnerProof = MembershipProof<Self>;
-  type EquivocationReportSystem =
-    babe::EquivocationReportSystem<Self, ValidatorSets, ValidatorSets, ReportLongevity>;
-}
-
-impl grandpa::Config for Runtime {
-  type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
-
-  type WeightInfo = ();
-  type MaxAuthorities = MaxAuthorities;
-
-  type MaxSetIdSessionEntries = ConstU64<0>;
-  type KeyOwnerProof = MembershipProof<Self>;
-  type EquivocationReportSystem =
-    grandpa::EquivocationReportSystem<Self, ValidatorSets, ValidatorSets, ReportLongevity>;
-}
-
 construct_runtime!(
  pub enum Runtime {
    System: system exclude_parts { Call },
--- a/substrate/signals/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/signals/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ workspace = true
 [dependencies]
 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }

-sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

-frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

 serai-abi = { path = "../abi", default-features = false, features = ["substrate"] }

--- a/substrate/signals/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/signals/src/lib.rs
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ pub mod pallet {
  }

  #[pallet::genesis_config]
-  #[derive(Debug, Encode, Decode)]
+  #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
  pub struct GenesisConfig<T: Config> {
    _config: PhantomData<T>,
  }
  impl<T: Config> Default for GenesisConfig<T> {
    fn default() -> Self {
-      GenesisConfig { _config: PhantomData }
+      Self { _config: PhantomData }
    }
  }
  #[pallet::genesis_build]
@@ -221,20 +221,16 @@ pub mod pallet {
    fn revoke_favor_internal(
      validator: T::AccountId,
      signal: Signal,
-      for_network: NetworkId,
+      with_network: NetworkId,
    ) -> DispatchResult {
-      if !Favors::<T>::contains_key((signal, for_network), validator) {
+      if !Favors::<T>::contains_key((signal, with_network), validator) {
        Err::<(), _>(Error::<T>::RevokingNonExistentFavor)?;
      }
-      Favors::<T>::remove((signal, for_network), validator);
-      Core::<T>::emit_event(Event::FavorRevoked {
-        signal,
-        by: validator.into(),
-        with_network: for_network,
-      });
+      Favors::<T>::remove((signal, with_network), validator);
+      Core::<T>::emit_event(Event::FavorRevoked { signal, by: validator.into(), with_network });

      // Update the tally for this network
-      Self::tally_for_network(signal, for_network);
+      Self::tally_for_network(signal, with_network);

      Ok(())
    }
@@ -342,7 +338,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
    /// Favor a signal.
    #[pallet::call_index(2)]
    #[pallet::weight((0, DispatchClass::Normal))] // TODO
-    pub fn favor(origin: OriginFor<T>, signal: Signal, for_network: NetworkId) -> DispatchResult {
+    pub fn favor(origin: OriginFor<T>, signal: Signal, with_network: NetworkId) -> DispatchResult {
      let validator = ensure_signed(origin)?;

      // Perform the relevant checks for this class of signal
@@ -373,21 +369,17 @@ pub mod pallet {
        Signal::Halt { .. } => {}
      }

-      if Favors::<T>::contains_key((signal, for_network), validator) {
+      if Favors::<T>::contains_key((signal, with_network), validator) {
        Err::<(), _>(Error::<T>::AlreadyInFavor)?;
      }

      // Set the validator as in favor
-      Favors::<T>::set((signal, for_network), validator, Some(()));
+      Favors::<T>::set((signal, with_network), validator, Some(()));

-      Core::<T>::emit_event(Event::SignalFavored {
-        signal,
-        by: validator.into(),
-        with_network: for_network,
-      });
+      Core::<T>::emit_event(Event::SignalFavored { signal, by: validator.into(), with_network });

      // Check if the network is in favor
-      let network_in_favor = Self::tally_for_network(signal, for_network);
+      let network_in_favor = Self::tally_for_network(signal, with_network);

      // If this network is in favor, check if enough networks are
      if network_in_favor && Self::tally_for_all_networks(signal) {
@@ -416,7 +408,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
    pub fn revoke_favor(
      origin: OriginFor<T>,
      signal: Signal,
-      for_network: NetworkId,
+      with_network: NetworkId,
    ) -> DispatchResult {
      match signal {
        Signal::Retire { .. } => {
@@ -428,7 +420,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
      }

      let validator = ensure_signed(origin)?;
-      Self::revoke_favor_internal(validator, signal, for_network)
+      Self::revoke_favor_internal(validator, signal, with_network)
    }

    /// Emit an event standing against the signal.
@@ -442,7 +434,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
    pub fn stand_against(
      origin: OriginFor<T>,
      signal: Signal,
-      for_network: NetworkId,
+      with_network: NetworkId,
    ) -> DispatchResult {
      match signal {
        Signal::Retire { .. } => {
@@ -455,8 +447,8 @@ pub mod pallet {

      let validator = ensure_signed(origin)?;
      // If currently in favor, revoke the favor
-      if Favors::<T>::contains_key((signal, for_network), validator) {
-        Self::revoke_favor_internal(validator, signal, for_network)?;
+      if Favors::<T>::contains_key((signal, with_network), validator) {
+        Self::revoke_favor_internal(validator, signal, with_network)?;
      } else {
        // Check this Signal exists (which would've been implied by `Favors` for it existing)
        match signal {
@@ -472,7 +464,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
      Core::<T>::emit_event(Event::AgainstSignal {
        signal,
        account: validator.into(),
-        with_network: for_network,
+        with_network,
      });

      Ok(())
--- a/substrate/validator-sets/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/validator-sets/Cargo.toml
@@ -20,20 +20,21 @@ bitvec = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["alloc", "serde"

 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "bit-vec"] }

-sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-application-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-sp-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-application-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+sp-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

-frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

-pallet-session = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-pallet-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
-pallet-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "16336c737dbe833e9d138a256af99698aba637c7", default-features = false }
+pallet-session = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+pallet-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }
+pallet-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/patch-polkadot-sdk", rev = "ef18bfc7029d4a3d7c27e1d0b84da5091628a7d9", default-features = false }

 serai-abi = { path = "../abi", default-features = false, features = ["substrate"] }

+serai-core-pallet = { path = "../core", default-features = false }
 serai-coins-pallet = { path = "../coins", default-features = false }

 [dev-dependencies]
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ std = [

  "serai-abi/std",

+  "serai-core-pallet/std",
  "serai-coins-pallet/std",
 ]

@@ -75,6 +77,9 @@ try-runtime = [
  "pallet-session/try-runtime",
  "pallet-babe/try-runtime",
  "pallet-grandpa/try-runtime",
+
+  "serai-core-pallet/try-runtime",
+  "serai-coins-pallet/try-runtime",
 ]

 runtime-benchmarks = [
@@ -83,6 +88,9 @@ runtime-benchmarks = [

  "pallet-babe/runtime-benchmarks",
  "pallet-grandpa/runtime-benchmarks",
+
+  "serai-core-pallet/runtime-benchmarks",
+  "serai-coins-pallet/runtime-benchmarks",
 ]

 default = ["std"]
--- a/substrate/validator-sets/src/keys.rs
+++ b/substrate/validator-sets/src/keys.rs
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ pub(crate) trait Keys {

  /// Clear a historic set of keys.
  fn clear_keys(set: ExternalValidatorSet);
+
+  /// The oraclization key for a validator set.
+  fn oraclization_key(set: ExternalValidatorSet) -> Option<Public>;
 }

 impl<S: KeysStorage> Keys for S {
@@ -46,4 +49,8 @@ impl<S: KeysStorage> Keys for S {
    S::OraclizationKeys::remove(set);
    S::ExternalKeys::remove(set);
  }
+
+  fn oraclization_key(set: ExternalValidatorSet) -> Option<Public> {
+    S::OraclizationKeys::get(set)
+  }
 }
--- a/substrate/validator-sets/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/validator-sets/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]

 extern crate alloc;
-use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use alloc::{vec, vec::Vec};

 mod embedded_elliptic_curve_keys;
 use embedded_elliptic_curve_keys::*;
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use keys::{KeysStorage, Keys as _};
 #[frame_support::pallet]
 mod pallet {
  use sp_core::sr25519::Public;
+  use sp_application_crypto::RuntimePublic;

  use frame_system::pallet_prelude::*;
  use frame_support::{pallet_prelude::*, traits::OneSessionHandler};
@@ -35,13 +36,18 @@ mod pallet {
      network_id::*,
      coin::*,
      balance::*,
-      validator_sets::{Session, ExternalValidatorSet, ValidatorSet, KeyShares as KeySharesStruct},
+      validator_sets::{
+        Session, ExternalValidatorSet, ValidatorSet, KeyShares as KeySharesStruct, SlashReport,
+      },
      address::SeraiAddress,
    },
    economic_security::EconomicSecurity,
+    validator_sets::{DeallocationTimeline, Event},
  };

-  use serai_coins_pallet::Pallet as Coins;
+  use serai_core_pallet::Pallet as Core;
+  use serai_coins_pallet::AllowMint;
+  type Coins<T> = serai_coins_pallet::Pallet<T, serai_coins_pallet::CoinsInstance>;

  use super::*;

@@ -51,6 +57,7 @@ mod pallet {
    + pallet_session::Config
    + pallet_babe::Config
    + pallet_grandpa::Config
+    + serai_core_pallet::Config
    + serai_coins_pallet::Config<serai_coins_pallet::CoinsInstance>
  {
    type ShouldEndSession: ShouldEndSession<BlockNumberFor<Self>>;
@@ -58,11 +65,16 @@ mod pallet {
  }

  #[pallet::genesis_config]
-  #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+  #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
  pub struct GenesisConfig<T: Config> {
    /// List of participants to place in the initial validator sets.
    pub participants: Vec<(T::AccountId, Vec<SignedEmbeddedEllipticCurveKeys>)>,
  }
+  impl<T: Config> Default for GenesisConfig<T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+      Self { participants: Default::default() }
+    }
+  }

  #[pallet::pallet]
  pub struct Pallet<T>(PhantomData<T>);
@@ -123,8 +135,12 @@ mod pallet {
  #[pallet::storage]
  type DelayedDeallocations<T: Config> =
    StorageDoubleMap<_, Blake2_128Concat, Public, Identity, Session, Amount, OptionQuery>;
+  #[pallet::storage]
+  type PendingSlashReport<T: Config> = StorageMap<_, Identity, ExternalNetworkId, (), OptionQuery>;

  impl<T: Config> SessionsStorage for Abstractions<T> {
+    type Config = T;
+
    type GenesisValidators = GenesisValidators<T>;
    type AllocationPerKeyShare = AllocationPerKeyShare<T>;
    type CurrentSession = CurrentSession<T>;
@@ -133,6 +149,7 @@ mod pallet {
    type SelectedValidators = SelectedValidators<T>;
    type TotalAllocatedStake = TotalAllocatedStake<T>;
    type DelayedDeallocations = DelayedDeallocations<T>;
+    type PendingSlashReport = PendingSlashReport<T>;
  }

  // Satisfy the `Keys` abstractions
@@ -148,51 +165,6 @@ mod pallet {
    type ExternalKeys = ExternalKeys<T>;
  }

-  /* TODO
-  /// The key for validator sets which can (and still need to) publish their slash reports.
-  #[pallet::storage]
-  pub type PendingSlashReport<T: Config> =
-    StorageMap<_, Identity, ExternalNetworkId, Public, OptionQuery>;
-
-  #[pallet::event]
-  #[pallet::generate_deposit(pub(super) fn deposit_event)]
-  pub enum Event<T: Config> {
-    NewSet {
-      set: ValidatorSet,
-    },
-    ParticipantRemoved {
-      set: ValidatorSet,
-      removed: T::AccountId,
-    },
-    KeyGen {
-      set: ExternalValidatorSet,
-      key_pair: KeyPair,
-    },
-    AcceptedHandover {
-      set: ValidatorSet,
-    },
-    SetRetired {
-      set: ValidatorSet,
-    },
-    AllocationIncreased {
-      validator: T::AccountId,
-      network: NetworkId,
-      amount: Amount,
-    },
-    AllocationDecreased {
-      validator: T::AccountId,
-      network: NetworkId,
-      amount: Amount,
-      delayed_until: Option<Session>,
-    },
-    DeallocationClaimed {
-      validator: T::AccountId,
-      network: NetworkId,
-      session: Session,
-    },
-  }
-  */
-
  #[pallet::error]
  pub enum Error<T> {
    /// The provided embedded elliptic curve keys were invalid.
@@ -308,116 +280,28 @@ mod pallet {
      }
    }

-    /* TODO
-    /// Decreases a validator's allocation to a set.
-    ///
-    /// Errors if the capacity provided by this allocation is in use.
-    ///
-    /// Errors if a partial decrease of allocation which puts the remaining allocation below the
-    /// minimum requirement.
-    ///
-    /// The capacity prior provided by the allocation is immediately removed, in order to ensure it
-    /// doesn't become used (preventing deallocation).
-    ///
-    /// Returns if the amount is immediately eligible for deallocation.
-    fn decrease_allocation(
-      network: NetworkId,
-      account: T::AccountId,
-      amount: Amount,
-    ) -> Result<bool, DispatchError> {
-      // Check it's safe to decrease this set's stake by this amount
-      if let NetworkId::External(n) = network {
-        let new_total_staked = Self::total_allocated_stake(NetworkId::from(n))
-          .unwrap()
-          .0
-          .checked_sub(amount.0)
-          .ok_or(Error::<T>::NotEnoughAllocated)?;
-        let required_stake = Self::required_stake_for_network(n);
-        if new_total_staked < required_stake {
-          Err(Error::<T>::DeallocationWouldRemoveEconomicSecurity)?;
-        }
-      }
-
-      let decreased_key_shares =
-        (old_allocation / allocation_per_key_share) > (new_allocation / allocation_per_key_share);
-
-      // If this decreases the validator's key shares, error if the new set is unable to handle
-      // byzantine faults
-      let mut was_bft = None;
-      if decreased_key_shares {
-        was_bft = Some(Self::is_bft(network));
-      }
-
-      if let Some(was_bft) = was_bft {
-        if was_bft && (!Self::is_bft(network)) {
-          Err(Error::<T>::DeallocationWouldRemoveFaultTolerance)?;
-        }
-      }
-
-      Sessions::<T>::decrease_allocation(network, account, amount)
+    /// The required amount of stake for a balance.
+    fn stake_requirement(balance: ExternalBalance) -> AmountRepr {
+      let value = T::EconomicSecurity::sri_value(balance).0;
+      // As 67% can misbehave, 67% of stake must be sufficient to secure this
+      let requirement = value.saturating_mul(3) / 2;
+      // We add an additional margin of 20%
+      let margin = requirement / 5;
+      requirement.saturating_add(margin)
    }

-    // TODO: This is called retire_set, yet just starts retiring the set
-    // Update the nomenclature within this function
-    pub fn retire_set(set: ValidatorSet) {
-      // Serai doesn't set keys and network slashes are handled by BABE/GRANDPA
-      if let NetworkId::External(n) = set.network {
-        // If the prior prior set didn't report, emit they're retired now
-        if PendingSlashReport::<T>::get(n).is_some() {
-          Self::deposit_event(Event::SetRetired {
-            set: ValidatorSet { network: set.network, session: Session(set.session.0 - 1) },
-          });
-        }
-
-        // This overwrites the prior value as the prior to-report set's stake presumably just
-        // unlocked, making their report unenforceable
-        let keys =
-          Keys::<T>::take(ExternalValidatorSet { network: n, session: set.session }).unwrap();
-        PendingSlashReport::<T>::set(n, Some(keys.0));
-      } else {
-        // emit the event for serai network
-        Self::deposit_event(Event::SetRetired { set });
-      }
-
-      // We're retiring this set because the set after it accepted the handover
-      Self::deposit_event(Event::AcceptedHandover {
-        set: ValidatorSet { network: set.network, session: Session(set.session.0 + 1) },
-      });
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the required stake in terms SRI for a given `Balance`.
-    pub fn required_stake(balance: &ExternalBalance) -> SubstrateAmount {
-      use dex_pallet::HigherPrecisionBalance;
-
-      // This is inclusive to an increase in accuracy
-      let sri_per_coin = Dex::<T>::security_oracle_value(balance.coin).unwrap_or(Amount(0));
-
-      // See dex-pallet for the reasoning on these
-      let coin_decimals = balance.coin.decimals().max(5);
-      let accuracy_increase = HigherPrecisionBalance::from(SubstrateAmount::pow(10, coin_decimals));
-
-      let total_coin_value = u64::try_from(
-        HigherPrecisionBalance::from(balance.amount.0) *
-          HigherPrecisionBalance::from(sri_per_coin.0) /
-          accuracy_increase,
-      )
-      .unwrap_or(u64::MAX);
-
-      // required stake formula (COIN_VALUE * 1.5) + margin(20%)
-      let required_stake = total_coin_value.saturating_mul(3).saturating_div(2);
-      required_stake.saturating_add(total_coin_value.saturating_div(5))
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the current total required stake for a given `network`.
-    pub fn required_stake_for_network(network: ExternalNetworkId) -> SubstrateAmount {
-      let mut total_required = 0;
+    /// The required amount of stake for a network.
+    fn network_stake_requirement(network: ExternalNetworkId) -> AmountRepr {
+      let mut requirement = AmountRepr::zero();
      for coin in network.coins() {
        let supply = Coins::<T>::supply(Coin::from(coin));
-        total_required += Self::required_stake(&ExternalBalance { coin, amount: Amount(supply) });
+        requirement = requirement
+          .saturating_add(Self::stake_requirement(ExternalBalance { coin, amount: supply }));
      }
-      total_required
+      requirement
    }

+    /* TODO
    pub fn distribute_block_rewards(
      network: NetworkId,
      account: T::AccountId,
@@ -541,7 +425,9 @@ mod pallet {
      let session = Self::current_session(NetworkId::from(network))
        .expect("validated `set_keys` for a non-existent session");
      let set = ExternalValidatorSet { network, session };
-      Abstractions::<T>::set_keys(set, key_pair);
+      Abstractions::<T>::set_keys(set, key_pair.clone());
+
+      Core::<T>::emit_event(Event::SetKeys { set, key_pair });

      // If this is the first session of an external network, mark them current, not solely decided
      if session == Session(0) {
@@ -551,7 +437,6 @@ mod pallet {
      Ok(())
    }

-    /* TODO
    #[pallet::call_index(1)]
    #[pallet::weight((0, DispatchClass::Operational))] // TODO
    pub fn report_slashes(
@@ -562,24 +447,13 @@ mod pallet {
    ) -> DispatchResult {
      ensure_none(origin)?;

-      // signature isn't checked as this is an unsigned transaction, and validate_unsigned
-      // (called by pre_dispatch) checks it
+      // `signature` is checked within `ValidateUnsigned`
      let _ = signature;

-      // TODO: Handle slashes
-      let _ = slashes;
-
-      // Emit set retireed
-      Pallet::<T>::deposit_event(Event::SetRetired {
-        set: ValidatorSet {
-          network: network.into(),
-          session: Session(Self::session(NetworkId::from(network)).unwrap().0 - 1),
-        },
-      });
+      Abstractions::<T>::handle_slash_report(network, slashes);

      Ok(())
    }
-    */

    #[pallet::call_index(2)]
    #[pallet::weight((0, DispatchClass::Normal))] // TODO
@@ -587,11 +461,16 @@ mod pallet {
      origin: OriginFor<T>,
      keys: SignedEmbeddedEllipticCurveKeys,
    ) -> DispatchResult {
-      let signer = ensure_signed(origin)?;
+      let validator = ensure_signed(origin)?;
+      let network = keys.network();
      <Abstractions<T> as crate::EmbeddedEllipticCurveKeys>::set_embedded_elliptic_curve_keys(
-        signer, keys,
+        validator, keys,
      )
      .map_err(|()| Error::<T>::InvalidEmbeddedEllipticCurveKeys)?;
+      Core::<T>::emit_event(Event::SetEmbeddedEllipticCurveKeys {
+        validator: validator.into(),
+        network,
+      });
      Ok(())
    }

@@ -599,11 +478,7 @@ mod pallet {
    #[pallet::weight((0, DispatchClass::Normal))] // TODO
    pub fn allocate(origin: OriginFor<T>, network: NetworkId, amount: Amount) -> DispatchResult {
      let validator = ensure_signed(origin)?;
-      Coins::<T, serai_coins_pallet::CoinsInstance>::transfer_fn(
-        validator,
-        Self::account(),
-        Balance { coin: Coin::Serai, amount },
-      )?;
+      Coins::<T>::transfer_fn(validator, Self::account(), Balance { coin: Coin::Serai, amount })?;
      Abstractions::<T>::increase_allocation(network, validator, amount, false)
        .map_err(Error::<T>::AllocationError)?;
      Ok(())
@@ -612,16 +487,20 @@ mod pallet {
    #[pallet::call_index(4)]
    #[pallet::weight((0, DispatchClass::Normal))] // TODO
    pub fn deallocate(origin: OriginFor<T>, network: NetworkId, amount: Amount) -> DispatchResult {
-      let account = ensure_signed(origin)?;
+      let validator = ensure_signed(origin)?;

-      let deallocation_timeline = Abstractions::<T>::decrease_allocation(network, account, amount)
+      let timeline = Abstractions::<T>::decrease_allocation(network, validator, amount)
        .map_err(Error::<T>::DeallocationError)?;
-      if matches!(deallocation_timeline, DeallocationTimeline::Immediate) {
-        Coins::<T, serai_coins_pallet::CoinsInstance>::transfer_fn(
-          Self::account(),
-          account,
-          Balance { coin: Coin::Serai, amount },
-        )?;
+
+      Core::<T>::emit_event(Event::Deallocation {
+        validator: validator.into(),
+        network,
+        amount,
+        timeline,
+      });
+
+      if matches!(timeline, DeallocationTimeline::Immediate) {
+        Coins::<T>::transfer_fn(Self::account(), validator, Balance { coin: Coin::Serai, amount })?;
      }

      Ok(())
@@ -634,14 +513,16 @@ mod pallet {
      network: NetworkId,
      session: Session,
    ) -> DispatchResult {
-      let account = ensure_signed(origin)?;
-      let amount = Abstractions::<T>::claim_delayed_deallocation(account, network, session)
+      let validator = ensure_signed(origin)?;
+      let amount = Abstractions::<T>::claim_delayed_deallocation(validator, network, session)
        .map_err(Error::<T>::DeallocationError)?;
-      Coins::<T, serai_coins_pallet::CoinsInstance>::transfer_fn(
-        Self::account(),
-        account,
-        Balance { coin: Coin::Serai, amount },
-      )?;
+
+      Core::<T>::emit_event(Event::DelayedDeallocationClaimed {
+        validator: validator.into(),
+        deallocation: ValidatorSet { network, session },
+      });
+
+      Coins::<T>::transfer_fn(Self::account(), validator, Balance { coin: Coin::Serai, amount })?;
      Ok(())
    }
  }
@@ -705,7 +586,6 @@ mod pallet {
          }

          // Verify the signature with the MuSig key of the signers
-          use sp_application_crypto::RuntimePublic;
          if !set.musig_key(&signers).verify(&set.set_keys_message(key_pair), &signature.0.into()) {
            Err(InvalidTransaction::BadProof)?;
          }
@@ -716,30 +596,23 @@ mod pallet {
            .propagate(true)
            .build()
        }
-        /* TODO
        Call::report_slashes { network, ref slashes, ref signature } => {
          let network = *network;
-          let Some(key) = PendingSlashReport::<T>::take(network) else {
-            // Assumed already published
+
+          let Some(key) = Abstractions::<T>::waiting_for_slash_report(network) else {
            Err(InvalidTransaction::Stale)?
          };

-          // There must have been a previous session is PendingSlashReport is populated
-          let set = ExternalValidatorSet {
-            network,
-            session: Session(Self::session(NetworkId::from(network)).unwrap().0 - 1),
-          };
-          if !key.verify(&slashes.report_slashes_message(), signature) {
+          if !key.verify(&slashes.report_slashes_message(), &signature.0.into()) {
            Err(InvalidTransaction::BadProof)?;
          }

          ValidTransaction::with_tag_prefix("ValidatorSets")
-            .and_provides((1, set))
-            .longevity(MAX_KEY_SHARES_PER_SET_U32.into())
+            .and_provides((1, key))
+            .longevity(KeySharesStruct::MAX_PER_SET_U32.into())
            .propagate(true)
            .build()
        }
-        */
        Call::set_embedded_elliptic_curve_keys { .. } |
        Call::allocate { .. } |
        Call::deallocate { .. } |
@@ -754,20 +627,20 @@ mod pallet {
    }
  }

-  /* TODO
+  /*
+    TODO: Add an intent. While we shouldn't allow `Transfer`, `AddLiquidity` when we're within a
+    certain range of the limit, we should still allow swaps.
+  */
  impl<T: Config> AllowMint for Pallet<T> {
    fn is_allowed(balance: &ExternalBalance) -> bool {
-      // get the required stake
-      let current_required = Self::required_stake_for_network(balance.coin.network());
-      let new_required = current_required + Self::required_stake(balance);
-
-      // get the total stake for the network & compare.
+      let current_requirement = Self::network_stake_requirement(balance.coin.network());
+      let new_requirement = current_requirement.saturating_add(Self::stake_requirement(*balance));
      let staked =
-        Self::total_allocated_stake(NetworkId::from(balance.coin.network())).unwrap_or(Amount(0));
-      staked.0 >= new_required
+        Abstractions::<T>::stake_for_current_validator_set(balance.coin.network().into())
+          .unwrap_or(Amount(0));
+      staked.0 >= new_requirement
    }
  }
-  */
 }
 pub use pallet::*;

--- a/substrate/validator-sets/src/mock.rs
+++ b/substrate/validator-sets/src/mock.rs
@@ -1,217 +0,0 @@
-//! Test environment for ValidatorSets pallet.
-
-use super::*;
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-use frame_support::{
-  construct_runtime,
-  traits::{ConstU16, ConstU32, ConstU64},
-};
-
-use sp_core::{
-  H256, Pair as PairTrait,
-  sr25519::{Public, Pair},
-};
-use sp_runtime::{
-  traits::{BlakeTwo256, IdentityLookup},
-  BuildStorage,
-};
-
-use serai_abi::primitives::*;
-use validator_sets::{primitives::MAX_KEY_SHARES_PER_SET_U32, MembershipProof};
-
-pub use crate as validator_sets;
-pub use serai_coins_pallet as coins;
-pub use dex_pallet as dex;
-pub use pallet_babe as babe;
-pub use pallet_grandpa as grandpa;
-pub use pallet_timestamp as timestamp;
-
-type Block = frame_system::mocking::MockBlock<Test>;
-// Maximum number of authorities per session.
-pub type MaxAuthorities = ConstU32<{ MAX_KEY_SHARES_PER_SET_U32 }>;
-
-pub const PRIMARY_PROBABILITY: (u64, u64) = (1, 4);
-pub const BABE_GENESIS_EPOCH_CONFIG: sp_consensus_babe::BabeEpochConfiguration =
-  sp_consensus_babe::BabeEpochConfiguration {
-    c: PRIMARY_PROBABILITY,
-    allowed_slots: sp_consensus_babe::AllowedSlots::PrimaryAndSecondaryPlainSlots,
-  };
-
-pub const MEDIAN_PRICE_WINDOW_LENGTH: u16 = 10;
-
-construct_runtime!(
-  pub enum Test
-  {
-    System: frame_system,
-    Timestamp: timestamp,
-    Coins: coins,
-    LiquidityTokens: coins::<Instance1>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>},
-    ValidatorSets: validator_sets,
-    Dex: dex,
-    Babe: babe,
-    Grandpa: grandpa,
-  }
-);
-
-impl frame_system::Config for Test {
-  type BaseCallFilter = frame_support::traits::Everything;
-  type BlockWeights = ();
-  type BlockLength = ();
-  type RuntimeOrigin = RuntimeOrigin;
-  type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
-  type Nonce = u64;
-  type Hash = H256;
-  type Hashing = BlakeTwo256;
-  type AccountId = Public;
-  type Lookup = IdentityLookup<Self::AccountId>;
-  type Block = Block;
-  type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
-  type BlockHashCount = ConstU64<250>;
-  type DbWeight = ();
-  type Version = ();
-  type PalletInfo = PalletInfo;
-  type AccountData = ();
-  type OnNewAccount = ();
-  type OnKilledAccount = ();
-  type SystemWeightInfo = ();
-  type SS58Prefix = ();
-  type OnSetCode = ();
-  type MaxConsumers = ConstU32<16>;
-}
-
-impl timestamp::Config for Test {
-  type Moment = u64;
-  type OnTimestampSet = Babe;
-  type MinimumPeriod = ConstU64<{ (TARGET_BLOCK_TIME * 1000) / 2 }>;
-  type WeightInfo = ();
-}
-
-impl babe::Config for Test {
-  type EpochDuration = ConstU64<{ FAST_EPOCH_DURATION }>;
-
-  type ExpectedBlockTime = ConstU64<{ TARGET_BLOCK_TIME * 1000 }>;
-  type EpochChangeTrigger = babe::ExternalTrigger;
-  type DisabledValidators = ValidatorSets;
-
-  type WeightInfo = ();
-  type MaxAuthorities = MaxAuthorities;
-
-  type KeyOwnerProof = MembershipProof<Self>;
-  type EquivocationReportSystem = ();
-}
-
-impl grandpa::Config for Test {
-  type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
-
-  type WeightInfo = ();
-  type MaxAuthorities = MaxAuthorities;
-
-  type MaxSetIdSessionEntries = ConstU64<0>;
-  type KeyOwnerProof = MembershipProof<Self>;
-  type EquivocationReportSystem = ();
-}
-
-impl coins::Config for Test {
-  type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
-  type AllowMint = ValidatorSets;
-}
-
-impl coins::Config<coins::Instance1> for Test {
-  type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
-  type AllowMint = ();
-}
-
-impl dex::Config for Test {
-  type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
-
-  type LPFee = ConstU32<3>; // 0.3%
-  type MintMinLiquidity = ConstU64<10000>;
-
-  type MaxSwapPathLength = ConstU32<3>; // coin1 -> SRI -> coin2
-
-  type MedianPriceWindowLength = ConstU16<{ MEDIAN_PRICE_WINDOW_LENGTH }>;
-
-  type WeightInfo = dex::weights::SubstrateWeight<Test>;
-}
-
-impl Config for Test {
-  type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
-  type ShouldEndSession = Babe;
-}
-
-// For a const we can't define
-pub fn genesis_participants() -> Vec<Pair> {
-  vec![
-    insecure_pair_from_name("Alice"),
-    insecure_pair_from_name("Bob"),
-    insecure_pair_from_name("Charlie"),
-    insecure_pair_from_name("Dave"),
-  ]
-}
-
-// Amounts for single key share per network
-pub fn key_shares() -> HashMap<NetworkId, Amount> {
-  HashMap::from([
-    (NetworkId::Serai, Amount(50_000 * 10_u64.pow(8))),
-    (NetworkId::External(ExternalNetworkId::Bitcoin), Amount(1_000_000 * 10_u64.pow(8))),
-    (NetworkId::External(ExternalNetworkId::Ethereum), Amount(1_000_000 * 10_u64.pow(8))),
-    (NetworkId::External(ExternalNetworkId::Monero), Amount(100_000 * 10_u64.pow(8))),
-  ])
-}
-
-pub(crate) fn new_test_ext() -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
-  let mut t = frame_system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default().build_storage().unwrap();
-  let networks: Vec<(NetworkId, Amount)> = key_shares().into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-  coins::GenesisConfig::<Test> {
-    accounts: genesis_participants()
-      .clone()
-      .into_iter()
-      .map(|a| (a.public(), Balance { coin: Coin::Serai, amount: Amount(1 << 60) }))
-      .collect(),
-    _ignore: Default::default(),
-  }
-  .assimilate_storage(&mut t)
-  .unwrap();
-
-  #[expect(unused_variables, unreachable_code, clippy::diverging_sub_expression)]
-  validator_sets::GenesisConfig::<Test> {
-    networks,
-    participants: genesis_participants()
-      .into_iter()
-      .map(|p| {
-        let keys: crate::AllEmbeddedEllipticCurveKeysAtGenesis = todo!("TODO");
-        (p.public(), keys)
-      })
-      .collect(),
-  }
-  .assimilate_storage(&mut t)
-  .unwrap();
-
-  babe::GenesisConfig::<Test> {
-    authorities: genesis_participants()
-      .into_iter()
-      .map(|validator| (validator.public().into(), 1))
-      .collect(),
-    epoch_config: Some(BABE_GENESIS_EPOCH_CONFIG),
-    _config: PhantomData,
-  }
-  .assimilate_storage(&mut t)
-  .unwrap();
-
-  grandpa::GenesisConfig::<Test> {
-    authorities: genesis_participants()
-      .into_iter()
-      .map(|validator| (validator.public().into(), 1))
-      .collect(),
-    _config: PhantomData,
-  }
-  .assimilate_storage(&mut t)
-  .unwrap();
-
-  let mut ext = sp_io::TestExternalities::new(t);
-  ext.execute_with(|| System::set_block_number(0));
-  ext
-}
--- a/substrate/validator-sets/src/sessions.rs
+++ b/substrate/validator-sets/src/sessions.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
 use sp_core::{Encode, Decode, ConstU32, sr25519::Public, bounded::BoundedVec};

-use serai_abi::primitives::{
-  network_id::NetworkId,
-  balance::Amount,
-  validator_sets::{KeyShares as KeySharesStruct, Session, ExternalValidatorSet, ValidatorSet},
+use serai_abi::{
+  primitives::{
+    network_id::{ExternalNetworkId, NetworkId},
+    balance::Amount,
+    validator_sets::{
+      KeyShares as KeySharesStruct, Session, ExternalValidatorSet, ValidatorSet, SlashReport,
+    },
+  },
+  validator_sets::{DeallocationTimeline, Event},
 };

 use frame_support::storage::{StorageValue, StorageMap, StorageDoubleMap, StoragePrefixedMap};

+use serai_core_pallet::Pallet as Core;
+
 use crate::{
  embedded_elliptic_curve_keys::EmbeddedEllipticCurveKeys, allocations::Allocations, keys::Keys,
 };
@@ -21,6 +28,9 @@ pub(crate) type GenesisValidators =
 pub(crate) type SelectedValidatorsKey = (ValidatorSet, [u8; 16], Public);

 pub(crate) trait SessionsStorage: EmbeddedEllipticCurveKeys + Allocations + Keys {
+  /// The configuration for the core pallet.
+  type Config: serai_core_pallet::Config;
+
  /// The genesis validators
  ///
  /// The usage of is shared with the rest of the pallet. `Sessions` only reads it.
@@ -68,6 +78,11 @@ pub(crate) trait SessionsStorage: EmbeddedEllipticCurveKeys + Allocations + Keys
  ///
  /// This is opaque and to be exclusively read/write by `Sessions`.
  type DelayedDeallocations: StorageDoubleMap<Public, Session, Amount, Query = Option<Amount>>;
+
+  /// Networks for which we're awaiting slash reports.
+  ///
+  /// This is opaque and to be exclusively read/write by `Sessions`.
+  type PendingSlashReport: StorageMap<ExternalNetworkId, (), Query = Option<()>>;
 }

 /// The storage key for the SelectedValidators map.
@@ -119,11 +134,6 @@ pub enum AllocationError {
  IntroducesSinglePointOfFailure,
 }

-pub(crate) enum DeallocationTimeline {
-  Immediate,
-  Delayed { unlocks_at: Session },
-}
-
 /// An error when deallocating.
 #[derive(
  scale::Encode, scale::Decode, scale::DecodeWithMemTracking, frame_support::PalletError,
@@ -193,6 +203,11 @@ pub(crate) trait Sessions {
    session: Session,
  ) -> Result<Amount, DeallocationError>;

+  /// Handle a slash report.
+  ///
+  /// This will panic if this slash report isn't pending.
+  fn handle_slash_report(network: ExternalNetworkId, slashes: SlashReport);
+
  /// The currently active session for a network.
  fn current_session(network: NetworkId) -> Option<Session>;

@@ -232,6 +247,11 @@ pub(crate) trait Sessions {
      .map(|(validator, _key_shares)| (validator, validator))
      .collect()
  }
+
+  /// If this network is awaiting a slash report.
+  ///
+  /// If so, this returns the key which should publish the slash report.
+  fn waiting_for_slash_report(network: ExternalNetworkId) -> Option<Public>;
 }

 impl<Storage: SessionsStorage> Sessions for Storage {
@@ -313,11 +333,13 @@ impl<Storage: SessionsStorage> Sessions for Storage {
      );
    }

+    Core::<Storage::Config>::emit_event(Event::SetDecided { set: latest_decided_set });
+
    true
  }

  fn accept_handover(network: NetworkId) {
-    let current = {
+    let (prior, current) = {
      let current = Storage::CurrentSession::get(network);
      let latest_decided = Storage::LatestDecidedSession::get(network)
        .expect("accepting handover but never decided a session");
@@ -328,8 +350,8 @@ impl<Storage: SessionsStorage> Sessions for Storage {
      );
      // Set the CurrentSession variable
      Storage::CurrentSession::set(network, Some(latest_decided));
-      // Return `latest_decided` as `current` as it is now current
-      latest_decided
+      // Return `latest_decided` as `current` as it is now current, and `current` as `prior`
+      (current, latest_decided)
    };

    let mut total_allocated_stake = Amount(0);
@@ -343,6 +365,23 @@ impl<Storage: SessionsStorage> Sessions for Storage {
    // Update the total allocated stake variable to the current session
    Storage::TotalAllocatedStake::set(network, Some(total_allocated_stake));

+    match network {
+      NetworkId::Serai => {}
+      NetworkId::External(network) => {
+        // If this network never submitted its slash report, treat it as submitting `vec![]`
+        if Storage::PendingSlashReport::take(network).is_some() {
+          Core::<Storage::Config>::emit_event(Event::SlashReport {
+            set: ExternalValidatorSet {
+              network,
+              session: prior.expect("pending slash report yet no prior session"),
+            },
+          });
+        }
+        // Mark this network as pending a slash report
+        Storage::PendingSlashReport::insert(network, ());
+      }
+    }
+
    // Clean-up the historic set's storage, if one exists
    if let Some(historic_session) = current.0.checked_sub(2).map(Session) {
      let historic_set = ValidatorSet { network, session: historic_session };
@@ -355,6 +394,10 @@ impl<Storage: SessionsStorage> Sessions for Storage {
        }
      }
    }
+
+    Core::<Storage::Config>::emit_event(Event::AcceptedHandover {
+      set: ValidatorSet { network, session: current },
+    });
  }

  fn increase_allocation(
@@ -437,6 +480,12 @@ impl<Storage: SessionsStorage> Sessions for Storage {
      }
    }

+    Core::<Storage::Config>::emit_event(Event::Allocation {
+      validator: validator.into(),
+      network,
+      amount,
+    });
+
    Ok(())
  }

@@ -445,6 +494,9 @@ impl<Storage: SessionsStorage> Sessions for Storage {
    validator: Public,
    amount: Amount,
  ) -> Result<DeallocationTimeline, DeallocationError> {
+    // TODO: Check if this would introduce a single point of failure
+    // TODO: Check if this would violate economic security
+
    /*
      Decrease the allocation.

@@ -522,6 +574,22 @@ impl<Storage: SessionsStorage> Sessions for Storage {
    Ok(DeallocationTimeline::Immediate)
  }

+  fn handle_slash_report(network: ExternalNetworkId, _slashes: SlashReport) {
+    Storage::PendingSlashReport::take(network)
+      .expect("handling a slash report which wasn't pending");
+
+    let current_session =
+      Self::current_session(network.into()).expect("handling slash report yet no current session");
+    let prior_session = Session(
+      current_session.0.checked_sub(1).expect("handling slash report yet no prior session"),
+    );
+    Core::<Storage::Config>::emit_event(Event::SlashReport {
+      set: ExternalValidatorSet { network, session: prior_session },
+    });
+
+    // TODO: Actually handle `_slashes`
+  }
+
  fn claim_delayed_deallocation(
    validator: Public,
    network: NetworkId,
@@ -566,4 +634,19 @@ impl<Storage: SessionsStorage> Sessions for Storage {
  fn selected_validators(set: ValidatorSet) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Public, KeySharesStruct)> {
    selected_validators::<Storage::SelectedValidators>(set)
  }
+
+  fn waiting_for_slash_report(network: ExternalNetworkId) -> Option<Public> {
+    if !Storage::PendingSlashReport::contains_key(network) {
+      None?;
+    }
+    let current_session = Self::current_session(network.into())
+      .expect("network awaiting slash report yet no current session");
+    let prior_session = Session(
+      current_session.0.checked_sub(1).expect("network awaiting slash report yet no prior session"),
+    );
+    Some(
+      Storage::oraclization_key(ExternalValidatorSet { network, session: prior_session })
+        .expect("no oraclization key for set waiting for a slash report"),
+    )
+  }
 }
--- a/substrate/validator-sets/src/tests.rs
+++ b/substrate/validator-sets/src/tests.rs
@@ -1,558 +0,0 @@
-use crate::{mock::*, primitives::*};
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-use ciphersuite::{WrappedGroup, GroupIo};
-use dkg_musig::musig;
-use schnorrkel::{frost::curve::Ristretto, Schnorrkel};
-
-use zeroize::Zeroizing;
-use rand_core::OsRng;
-
-use frame_support::{
-  assert_noop, assert_ok,
-  pallet_prelude::{InvalidTransaction, TransactionSource},
-  traits::{OnFinalize, OnInitialize},
-};
-use frame_system::RawOrigin;
-
-use sp_core::{
-  sr25519::{Public, Pair, Signature},
-  Pair as PairTrait,
-};
-use sp_runtime::traits::ValidateUnsigned;
-
-use serai_abi::primitives::*;
-
-fn active_network_validators(network: NetworkId) -> Vec<(Public, u64)> {
-  if network == NetworkId::Serai {
-    Babe::authorities().into_iter().map(|(id, key_share)| (id.into_inner(), key_share)).collect()
-  } else {
-    ValidatorSets::participants_for_latest_decided_set(network).unwrap().into_inner()
-  }
-}
-
-fn verify_session_and_active_validators(network: NetworkId, participants: &[Public], session: u32) {
-  let mut validators: Vec<Public> = active_network_validators(network)
-    .into_iter()
-    .map(|(p, ks)| {
-      assert_eq!(ks, 1);
-      p
-    })
-    .collect();
-  validators.sort();
-
-  assert_eq!(ValidatorSets::session(network).unwrap(), Session(session));
-  assert_eq!(participants, validators);
-
-  // TODO: how to make sure block finalizations work as usual here?
-}
-
-fn get_session_at_which_changes_activate(network: NetworkId) -> u32 {
-  let current_session = ValidatorSets::session(network).unwrap().0;
-  // changes should be active in the next session
-  if network == NetworkId::Serai {
-    // it takes 1 extra session for serai net to make the changes active.
-    current_session + 2
-  } else {
-    current_session + 1
-  }
-}
-
-fn set_keys_for_session(network: ExternalNetworkId) {
-  ValidatorSets::set_keys(
-    RawOrigin::None.into(),
-    network,
-    KeyPair(insecure_pair_from_name("Alice").public(), vec![].try_into().unwrap()),
-    vec![].try_into().unwrap(),
-    Signature([0u8; 64]),
-  )
-  .unwrap();
-}
-
-fn set_keys_signature(set: &ExternalValidatorSet, key_pair: &KeyPair, pairs: &[Pair]) -> Signature {
-  let mut pub_keys = vec![];
-  for pair in pairs {
-    let public_key =
-      <Ristretto as GroupIo>::read_G::<&[u8]>(&mut pair.public().0.as_ref()).unwrap();
-    pub_keys.push(public_key);
-  }
-
-  let mut threshold_keys = vec![];
-  for i in 0 .. pairs.len() {
-    let secret_key = <Ristretto as GroupIo>::read_F::<&[u8]>(
-      &mut pairs[i].as_ref().secret.to_bytes()[.. 32].as_ref(),
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(Ristretto::generator() * secret_key, pub_keys[i]);
-
-    threshold_keys.push(
-      musig::<Ristretto>(musig_context((*set).into()), Zeroizing::new(secret_key), &pub_keys)
-        .unwrap(),
-    );
-  }
-
-  let mut musig_keys = HashMap::new();
-  for threshold_keys in threshold_keys {
-    musig_keys.insert(threshold_keys.params().i(), threshold_keys);
-  }
-
-  let sig = frost::tests::sign_without_caching(
-    &mut OsRng,
-    frost::tests::algorithm_machines(&mut OsRng, &Schnorrkel::new(b"substrate"), &musig_keys),
-    &set_keys_message(set, key_pair),
-  );
-
-  Signature(sig.to_bytes())
-}
-
-fn get_ordered_keys(network: NetworkId, participants: &[Pair]) -> Vec<Pair> {
-  // retrieve the current session validators so that we know the order of the keys
-  // that is necessary for the correct musig signature.
-  let validators = ValidatorSets::participants_for_latest_decided_set(network).unwrap();
-
-  // collect the pairs of the validators
-  let mut pairs = vec![];
-  for (v, _) in validators {
-    let p = participants.iter().find(|pair| pair.public() == v).unwrap().clone();
-    pairs.push(p);
-  }
-
-  pairs
-}
-
-fn rotate_session_until(network: NetworkId, session: u32) {
-  let mut current = ValidatorSets::session(network).unwrap().0;
-  while current < session {
-    Babe::on_initialize(System::block_number() + 1);
-    ValidatorSets::rotate_session();
-    if let NetworkId::External(n) = network {
-      set_keys_for_session(n);
-    }
-    ValidatorSets::retire_set(ValidatorSet { session: Session(current), network });
-    current += 1;
-  }
-  assert_eq!(current, session);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn rotate_session() {
-  new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-    let genesis_participants: Vec<Public> =
-      genesis_participants().into_iter().map(|p| p.public()).collect();
-    let key_shares = key_shares();
-
-    let mut participants = HashMap::from([
-      (NetworkId::Serai, genesis_participants.clone()),
-      (NetworkId::External(ExternalNetworkId::Bitcoin), genesis_participants.clone()),
-      (NetworkId::External(ExternalNetworkId::Ethereum), genesis_participants.clone()),
-      (NetworkId::External(ExternalNetworkId::Monero), genesis_participants),
-    ]);
-
-    // rotate session
-    for network in NETWORKS {
-      let participants = participants.get_mut(&network).unwrap();
-
-      // verify for session 0
-      participants.sort();
-      if let NetworkId::External(n) = network {
-        set_keys_for_session(n);
-      }
-      verify_session_and_active_validators(network, participants, 0);
-
-      // add 1 participant
-      let new_participant = insecure_pair_from_name("new-guy").public();
-      Coins::mint(new_participant, Balance { coin: Coin::Serai, amount: key_shares[&network] })
-        .unwrap();
-      ValidatorSets::allocate(
-        RawOrigin::Signed(new_participant).into(),
-        network,
-        key_shares[&network],
-      )
-      .unwrap();
-      participants.push(new_participant);
-
-      // move network to the activation session
-      let activation_session = get_session_at_which_changes_activate(network);
-      rotate_session_until(network, activation_session);
-
-      // verify
-      participants.sort();
-      verify_session_and_active_validators(network, participants, activation_session);
-
-      // remove 1 participant
-      let participant_to_remove = participants[0];
-      ValidatorSets::deallocate(
-        RawOrigin::Signed(participant_to_remove).into(),
-        network,
-        key_shares[&network],
-      )
-      .unwrap();
-      participants
-        .swap_remove(participants.iter().position(|k| *k == participant_to_remove).unwrap());
-
-      // check pending deallocations
-      let pending = ValidatorSets::pending_deallocations(
-        (network, participant_to_remove),
-        Session(if network == NetworkId::Serai {
-          activation_session + 3
-        } else {
-          activation_session + 2
-        }),
-      );
-      assert_eq!(pending, Some(key_shares[&network]));
-
-      // move network to the activation session
-      let activation_session = get_session_at_which_changes_activate(network);
-      rotate_session_until(network, activation_session);
-
-      // verify
-      participants.sort();
-      verify_session_and_active_validators(network, participants, activation_session);
-    }
-  })
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn allocate() {
-  new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-    let genesis_participants: Vec<Public> =
-      genesis_participants().into_iter().map(|p| p.public()).collect();
-    let key_shares = key_shares();
-    let participant = insecure_pair_from_name("random1").public();
-    let network = NetworkId::External(ExternalNetworkId::Ethereum);
-
-    // check genesis TAS
-    set_keys_for_session(network.try_into().unwrap());
-    assert_eq!(
-      ValidatorSets::total_allocated_stake(network).unwrap().0,
-      key_shares[&network].0 * u64::try_from(genesis_participants.len()).unwrap()
-    );
-
-    // we can't allocate less than a key share
-    let amount = Amount(key_shares[&network].0 * 3);
-    Coins::mint(participant, Balance { coin: Coin::Serai, amount }).unwrap();
-    assert_noop!(
-      ValidatorSets::allocate(
-        RawOrigin::Signed(participant).into(),
-        network,
-        Amount(key_shares[&network].0 - 1)
-      ),
-      validator_sets::Error::<Test>::InsufficientAllocation
-    );
-
-    // we can't allocate too much that the net exhibits the ability to handle any single node
-    // becoming byzantine
-    assert_noop!(
-      ValidatorSets::allocate(RawOrigin::Signed(participant).into(), network, amount),
-      validator_sets::Error::<Test>::AllocationWouldRemoveFaultTolerance
-    );
-
-    // we should be allocate a proper amount
-    assert_ok!(ValidatorSets::allocate(
-      RawOrigin::Signed(participant).into(),
-      network,
-      key_shares[&network]
-    ));
-    assert_eq!(Coins::balance(participant, Coin::Serai).0, amount.0 - key_shares[&network].0);
-
-    // check new amount is reflected on TAS on new session
-    rotate_session_until(network, 1);
-    assert_eq!(
-      ValidatorSets::total_allocated_stake(network).unwrap().0,
-      key_shares[&network].0 * (u64::try_from(genesis_participants.len()).unwrap() + 1)
-    );
-
-    // check that new participants match
-    let mut active_participants: Vec<Public> =
-      active_network_validators(network).into_iter().map(|(p, _)| p).collect();
-
-    let mut current_participants = genesis_participants.clone();
-    current_participants.push(participant);
-
-    current_participants.sort();
-    active_participants.sort();
-    assert_eq!(current_participants, active_participants);
-  })
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn deallocate_pending() {
-  new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-    let genesis_participants: Vec<Public> =
-      genesis_participants().into_iter().map(|p| p.public()).collect();
-    let key_shares = key_shares();
-    let participant = insecure_pair_from_name("random1").public();
-    let network = NetworkId::External(ExternalNetworkId::Bitcoin);
-
-    // check genesis TAS
-    set_keys_for_session(network.try_into().unwrap());
-    assert_eq!(
-      ValidatorSets::total_allocated_stake(network).unwrap().0,
-      key_shares[&network].0 * u64::try_from(genesis_participants.len()).unwrap()
-    );
-
-    // allocate some amount
-    Coins::mint(participant, Balance { coin: Coin::Serai, amount: key_shares[&network] }).unwrap();
-    assert_ok!(ValidatorSets::allocate(
-      RawOrigin::Signed(participant).into(),
-      network,
-      key_shares[&network]
-    ));
-    assert_eq!(Coins::balance(participant, Coin::Serai).0, 0);
-
-    // move to next session
-    let mut current_session = ValidatorSets::session(network).unwrap().0;
-    current_session += 1;
-    rotate_session_until(network, current_session);
-    assert_eq!(
-      ValidatorSets::total_allocated_stake(network).unwrap().0,
-      key_shares[&network].0 * (u64::try_from(genesis_participants.len()).unwrap() + 1)
-    );
-
-    // we can deallocate all of our allocation
-    assert_ok!(ValidatorSets::deallocate(
-      RawOrigin::Signed(participant).into(),
-      network,
-      key_shares[&network]
-    ));
-
-    // check pending deallocations
-    let pending_session =
-      if network == NetworkId::Serai { current_session + 3 } else { current_session + 2 };
-    assert_eq!(
-      ValidatorSets::pending_deallocations((network, participant), Session(pending_session)),
-      Some(key_shares[&network])
-    );
-
-    // we can't claim it immediately
-    assert_noop!(
-      ValidatorSets::claim_deallocation(
-        RawOrigin::Signed(participant).into(),
-        network,
-        Session(pending_session),
-      ),
-      validator_sets::Error::<Test>::NonExistentDeallocation
-    );
-
-    // we should be able to claim it in the pending session
-    rotate_session_until(network, pending_session);
-    assert_ok!(ValidatorSets::claim_deallocation(
-      RawOrigin::Signed(participant).into(),
-      network,
-      Session(pending_session),
-    ));
-  })
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn deallocate_immediately() {
-  new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-    let genesis_participants: Vec<Public> =
-      genesis_participants().into_iter().map(|p| p.public()).collect();
-    let key_shares = key_shares();
-    let participant = insecure_pair_from_name("random1").public();
-    let network = NetworkId::External(ExternalNetworkId::Monero);
-
-    // check genesis TAS
-    set_keys_for_session(network.try_into().unwrap());
-    assert_eq!(
-      ValidatorSets::total_allocated_stake(network).unwrap().0,
-      key_shares[&network].0 * u64::try_from(genesis_participants.len()).unwrap()
-    );
-
-    // we can't deallocate when we don't have an allocation
-    assert_noop!(
-      ValidatorSets::deallocate(
-        RawOrigin::Signed(participant).into(),
-        network,
-        key_shares[&network]
-      ),
-      validator_sets::Error::<Test>::NonExistentValidator
-    );
-
-    // allocate some amount
-    Coins::mint(participant, Balance { coin: Coin::Serai, amount: key_shares[&network] }).unwrap();
-    assert_ok!(ValidatorSets::allocate(
-      RawOrigin::Signed(participant).into(),
-      network,
-      key_shares[&network]
-    ));
-    assert_eq!(Coins::balance(participant, Coin::Serai).0, 0);
-
-    // we can't deallocate more than our allocation
-    assert_noop!(
-      ValidatorSets::deallocate(
-        RawOrigin::Signed(participant).into(),
-        network,
-        Amount(key_shares[&network].0 + 1)
-      ),
-      validator_sets::Error::<Test>::NotEnoughAllocated
-    );
-
-    // we can't deallocate an amount that would left us less than a key share as long as it isn't 0
-    assert_noop!(
-      ValidatorSets::deallocate(
-        RawOrigin::Signed(participant).into(),
-        network,
-        Amount(key_shares[&network].0 / 2)
-      ),
-      validator_sets::Error::<Test>::DeallocationWouldRemoveParticipant
-    );
-
-    // we can deallocate all of our allocation
-    assert_ok!(ValidatorSets::deallocate(
-      RawOrigin::Signed(participant).into(),
-      network,
-      key_shares[&network]
-    ));
-
-    // It should be immediately deallocated since we are not yet in an active set
-    assert_eq!(Coins::balance(participant, Coin::Serai), key_shares[&network]);
-    assert!(ValidatorSets::pending_deallocations((network, participant), Session(1)).is_none());
-
-    // allocate again
-    assert_ok!(ValidatorSets::allocate(
-      RawOrigin::Signed(participant).into(),
-      network,
-      key_shares[&network]
-    ));
-    assert_eq!(Coins::balance(participant, Coin::Serai).0, 0);
-
-    // make a pool so that we have security oracle value for the coin
-    let liq_acc = insecure_pair_from_name("liq-acc").public();
-    let coin = ExternalCoin::Monero;
-    let balance = ExternalBalance { coin, amount: Amount(2 * key_shares[&network].0) };
-    Coins::mint(liq_acc, balance.into()).unwrap();
-    Coins::mint(liq_acc, Balance { coin: Coin::Serai, amount: balance.amount }).unwrap();
-    Dex::add_liquidity(
-      RawOrigin::Signed(liq_acc).into(),
-      coin,
-      balance.amount.0 / 2,
-      balance.amount.0 / 2,
-      1,
-      1,
-      liq_acc,
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-    Dex::on_finalize(1);
-    assert!(Dex::security_oracle_value(coin).unwrap().0 > 0);
-
-    // we can't deallocate if it would break economic security
-    // The reason we don't have economic security for the network now is that we just set
-    // the value for coin/SRI to 1:1 when making the pool and we minted 2 * key_share amount
-    // of coin but we only allocated 1 key_share of SRI for the network although we need more than
-    // 3 for the same amount of coin.
-    assert_noop!(
-      ValidatorSets::deallocate(
-        RawOrigin::Signed(participant).into(),
-        network,
-        key_shares[&network]
-      ),
-      validator_sets::Error::<Test>::DeallocationWouldRemoveEconomicSecurity
-    );
-  })
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn set_keys_keys_exist() {
-  new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-    let network = ExternalNetworkId::Monero;
-
-    // set the keys first
-    ValidatorSets::set_keys(
-      RawOrigin::None.into(),
-      network,
-      KeyPair(insecure_pair_from_name("name").public(), Vec::new().try_into().unwrap()),
-      vec![].try_into().unwrap(),
-      Signature([0u8; 64]),
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-
-    let call = validator_sets::Call::<Test>::set_keys {
-      network,
-      key_pair: KeyPair(insecure_pair_from_name("name").public(), Vec::new().try_into().unwrap()),
-      signature_participants: vec![].try_into().unwrap(),
-      signature: Signature([0u8; 64]),
-    };
-
-    assert_eq!(
-      ValidatorSets::validate_unsigned(TransactionSource::External, &call),
-      InvalidTransaction::Stale.into()
-    );
-  })
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn set_keys_invalid_signature() {
-  new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-    let network = ExternalNetworkId::Ethereum;
-    let mut participants = get_ordered_keys(network.into(), &genesis_participants());
-
-    // we can't have invalid set
-    let mut set = ExternalValidatorSet { network, session: Session(1) };
-    let key_pair =
-      KeyPair(insecure_pair_from_name("name").public(), Vec::new().try_into().unwrap());
-    let signature = set_keys_signature(&set, &key_pair, &participants);
-
-    let call = validator_sets::Call::<Test>::set_keys {
-      network,
-      key_pair: key_pair.clone(),
-      signature_participants: vec![].try_into().unwrap(),
-      signature,
-    };
-    assert_eq!(
-      ValidatorSets::validate_unsigned(TransactionSource::External, &call),
-      InvalidTransaction::BadProof.into()
-    );
-
-    // fix the set
-    set.session = Session(0);
-
-    // participants should match
-    participants.push(insecure_pair_from_name("random1"));
-    let signature = set_keys_signature(&set, &key_pair, &participants);
-
-    let call = validator_sets::Call::<Test>::set_keys {
-      network,
-      key_pair: key_pair.clone(),
-      signature_participants: vec![].try_into().unwrap(),
-      signature,
-    };
-    assert_eq!(
-      ValidatorSets::validate_unsigned(TransactionSource::External, &call),
-      InvalidTransaction::BadProof.into()
-    );
-
-    // fix the participants
-    participants.pop();
-
-    // msg key pair and the key pair to set should match
-    let key_pair2 =
-      KeyPair(insecure_pair_from_name("name2").public(), Vec::new().try_into().unwrap());
-    let signature = set_keys_signature(&set, &key_pair2, &participants);
-
-    let call = validator_sets::Call::<Test>::set_keys {
-      network,
-      key_pair: key_pair.clone(),
-      signature_participants: vec![].try_into().unwrap(),
-      signature,
-    };
-    assert_eq!(
-      ValidatorSets::validate_unsigned(TransactionSource::External, &call),
-      InvalidTransaction::BadProof.into()
-    );
-
-    // use the same key pair
-    let signature = set_keys_signature(&set, &key_pair, &participants);
-    let call = validator_sets::Call::<Test>::set_keys {
-      network,
-      key_pair,
-      signature_participants: vec![].try_into().unwrap(),
-      signature,
-    };
-    ValidatorSets::validate_unsigned(TransactionSource::External, &call).unwrap();
-  })
-}
-
-// TODO: add report_slashes tests when the feature is complete.
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Luke Parker	ea66cd0d1a	Update `build-dependencies` CI action	2025-09-21 15:40:15 -04:00
Luke Parker	8b32fba458	Minor `cargo update`	2025-09-21 15:40:05 -04:00
Luke Parker	e63acf3f67	Restore a runtime which compiles Adds BABE, GRANDPA, to the runtime definition and a few stubs for not yet implemented interfaces.	2025-09-21 13:16:43 -04:00
Luke Parker	d373d2a4c9	Restore `AllowMint` to `serai-validator-sets-pallet` and reorganize TODOs	2025-09-20 04:45:28 -04:00
Luke Parker	cbf998ff30	Restore `report_slashes` This does not yet handle the `SlashReport`. It solely handles the routing for it.	2025-09-20 04:16:01 -04:00
Luke Parker	ef07253a27	Restore the event to `serai-validator-sets-pallet`	2025-09-20 03:42:24 -04:00