Populate UnbalancedMerkleTrees in headers

The reasoning for it is documented with itself. The plan is to use it within
our header for committing to the DAG (allowing one header per epoch, yet
logarithmic proofs for any header within the epoch), the transactions
commitment (allowing logarithmic proofs of a transaction within a block,
without padding), and the events commitment (allowing logarithmic proofs of
unique events within a block, despite events not having a unique ID inherent).

This also defines transaction hashes and performs the necessary modifications
for transactions to be unique.

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
 
       - name: Install nightly rust
-        run: rustup toolchain install ${{ steps.nightly.outputs.version }} --profile minimal -t wasm32-unknown-unknown -c rust-src -c clippy
+        run: rustup toolchain install ${{ steps.nightly.outputs.version }} --profile minimal -t wasmv1-none -c clippy
 
       - name: Run Clippy
         run: cargo +${{ steps.nightly.outputs.version }} clippy --all-features --all-targets -- -D warnings -A clippy::items_after_test_module

.github/workflows/pages.yml

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: ./.github/actions/build-dependencies
       - name: Buld Rust docs
         run: |
-          rustup toolchain install ${{ steps.nightly.outputs.version }} --profile minimal -t wasm32-unknown-unknown -c rust-docs
+          rustup toolchain install ${{ steps.nightly.outputs.version }} --profile minimal -t wasmv1-none -c rust-docs
           RUSTDOCFLAGS="--cfg docsrs" cargo +${{ steps.nightly.outputs.version }} doc --workspace --all-features
           mv target/doc docs/_site/rust
 

Cargo.toml

@@ -103,31 +103,17 @@ members = [
   "coordinator",
 
   "substrate/primitives",
-
-  "substrate/coins/primitives",
-  "substrate/coins/pallet",
-
-  "substrate/dex/pallet",
-
-  "substrate/validator-sets/primitives",
-  "substrate/validator-sets/pallet",
-
-  "substrate/genesis-liquidity/primitives",
-  "substrate/genesis-liquidity/pallet",
-
-  "substrate/emissions/primitives",
-  "substrate/emissions/pallet",
-
-  "substrate/economic-security/pallet",
-
-  "substrate/in-instructions/primitives",
-  "substrate/in-instructions/pallet",
-
-  "substrate/signals/primitives",
-  "substrate/signals/pallet",
-
   "substrate/abi",
 
+  "substrate/coins",
+  "substrate/validator-sets",
+  "substrate/signals",
+  "substrate/dex",
+  "substrate/genesis-liquidity",
+  "substrate/economic-security",
+  "substrate/emissions",
+  "substrate/in-instructions",
+
   "substrate/runtime",
   "substrate/node",
 

common/db/src/create_db.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub fn serai_db_key(
 ///
 /// Creates a unit struct and a default implementation for the `key`, `get`, and `set`. The macro
 /// uses a syntax similar to defining a function. Parameters are concatenated to produce a key,
-/// they must be `scale` encodable. The return type is used to auto encode and decode the database
+/// they must be `borsh` serializable. The return type is used to auto (de)serialize the database
 /// value bytes using `borsh`.
 ///
 /// # Arguments
@@ -54,11 +54,10 @@ macro_rules! create_db {
       )?;
       impl$(<$($generic_name: $generic_type),+>)? $field_name$(<$($generic_name),+>)? {
         pub(crate) fn key($($arg: $arg_type),*) -> Vec<u8> {
-          use scale::Encode;
           $crate::serai_db_key(
             stringify!($db_name).as_bytes(),
             stringify!($field_name).as_bytes(),
-            ($($arg),*).encode()
+            &borsh::to_vec(&($($arg),*)).unwrap(),
           )
         }
         pub(crate) fn set(

coordinator/Cargo.toml

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ messages = { package = "serai-processor-messages", path = "../processor/messages
 message-queue = { package = "serai-message-queue", path = "../message-queue" }
 tributary-sdk = { path = "./tributary-sdk" }
 
-serai-client = { path = "../substrate/client", default-features = false, features = ["serai", "borsh"] }
+serai-client = { path = "../substrate/client", default-features = false, features = ["serai"] }
 
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 env_logger = { version = "0.10", default-features = false, features = ["humantime"] }

coordinator/cosign/Cargo.toml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ schnorrkel = { version = "0.11", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive"] }
 borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive", "de_strict_order"] }
-serai-client = { path = "../../substrate/client", default-features = false, features = ["serai", "borsh"] }
+serai-client = { path = "../../substrate/client", default-features = false, features = ["serai"] }
 
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 

coordinator/p2p/Cargo.toml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive",
 
 serai-db = { path = "../../common/db", version = "0.1" }
 
-serai-client = { path = "../../substrate/client", default-features = false, features = ["serai", "borsh"] }
+serai-client = { path = "../../substrate/client", default-features = false, features = ["serai"] }
 serai-cosign = { path = "../cosign" }
 tributary-sdk = { path = "../tributary-sdk" }
 

coordinator/p2p/libp2p/Cargo.toml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ schnorrkel = { version = "0.11", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 hex = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive", "de_strict_order"] }
 
-serai-client = { path = "../../../substrate/client", default-features = false, features = ["serai", "borsh"] }
+serai-client = { path = "../../../substrate/client", default-features = false, features = ["serai"] }
 serai-cosign = { path = "../../cosign" }
 tributary-sdk = { path = "../../tributary-sdk" }
 

coordinator/substrate/Cargo.toml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive",
 
 dkg = { path = "../../crypto/dkg", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
-serai-client = { path = "../../substrate/client", version = "0.1", default-features = false, features = ["serai", "borsh"] }
+serai-client = { path = "../../substrate/client", version = "0.1", default-features = false, features = ["serai"] }
 
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 

coordinator/tributary/Cargo.toml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ ciphersuite = { path = "../../crypto/ciphersuite", default-features = false, fea
 dkg = { path = "../../crypto/dkg", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 schnorr = { package = "schnorr-signatures", path = "../../crypto/schnorr", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
-serai-client = { path = "../../substrate/client", default-features = false, features = ["serai", "borsh"] }
+serai-client = { path = "../../substrate/client", default-features = false, features = ["serai"] }
 
 serai-db = { path = "../../common/db" }
 serai-task = { path = "../../common/task", version = "0.1" }

message-queue/Cargo.toml

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ serai-db = { path = "../common/db", optional = true }
 
 serai-env = { path = "../common/env" }
 
-serai-primitives = { path = "../substrate/primitives", features = ["borsh"] }
+serai-primitives = { path = "../substrate/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
 [features]
 parity-db = ["serai-db/parity-db"]

orchestration/runtime/Dockerfile

@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ RUN rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources && \
 RUN apt update && apt upgrade && apt install clang -y
 
 # Add the wasm toolchain
-RUN rustup component add rust-src
-RUN rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
+RUN rustup target add wasmv1-none
 
 FROM deterministic
 

orchestration/src/main.rs

@@ -162,8 +162,7 @@ RUN apt install -y pkg-config clang
 RUN apt install -y make protobuf-compiler
 
 # Add the wasm toolchain
-RUN rustup component add rust-src
-RUN rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
+RUN rustup target add wasmv1-none
 
 {prelude}
 

processor/frost-attempt-manager/Cargo.toml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["std", "get
 
 frost = { package = "modular-frost", path = "../../crypto/frost", version = "^0.8.1", default-features = false }
 
-serai-validator-sets-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/validator-sets/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+serai-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 

processor/key-gen/Cargo.toml

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ ciphersuite = { path = "../../crypto/ciphersuite", default-features = false, fea
 dkg = { package = "dkg", path = "../../crypto/dkg", default-features = false, features = ["std", "evrf-ristretto"] }
 
 # Substrate
-serai-validator-sets-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/validator-sets/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+serai-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
 # Encoders
 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }

processor/messages/Cargo.toml

@@ -25,9 +25,6 @@ borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive",
 
 dkg = { path = "../../crypto/dkg", default-features = false, features = ["std", "borsh"] }
 
-serai-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std", "borsh"] }
-in-instructions-primitives = { package = "serai-in-instructions-primitives", path = "../../substrate/in-instructions/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std", "borsh"] }
-coins-primitives = { package = "serai-coins-primitives", path = "../../substrate/coins/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std", "borsh"] }
-validator-sets-primitives = { package = "serai-validator-sets-primitives", path = "../../substrate/validator-sets/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std", "borsh"] }
+serai-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
 serai-cosign = { path = "../../coordinator/cosign", default-features = false }

processor/primitives/Cargo.toml

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ workspace = true
 [dependencies]
 group = { version = "0.13", default-features = false }
 
-serai-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std", "borsh"] }
-serai-coins-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/coins/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std", "borsh"] }
+serai-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive", "de_strict_order"] }

processor/scanner/Cargo.toml

@@ -36,9 +36,6 @@ serai-db = { path = "../../common/db" }
 messages = { package = "serai-processor-messages", path = "../messages" }
 
 serai-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
-serai-validator-sets-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/validator-sets/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std", "borsh"] }
-serai-in-instructions-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/in-instructions/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std", "borsh"] }
-serai-coins-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/coins/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std", "borsh"] }
 
 primitives = { package = "serai-processor-primitives", path = "../primitives" }
 scheduler-primitives = { package = "serai-processor-scheduler-primitives", path = "../scheduler/primitives" }

processor/signers/Cargo.toml

@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@ scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = fals
 borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["std", "derive", "de_strict_order"] }
 
 serai-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
-serai-validator-sets-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/validator-sets/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
-serai-in-instructions-primitives = { path = "../../substrate/in-instructions/primitives", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 
 serai-db = { path = "../../common/db" }
 log = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }

rust-toolchain.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [toolchain]
-channel = "1.81"
-targets = ["wasm32-unknown-unknown"]
+channel = "1.85"
+targets = ["wasmv1-none"]
 profile = "minimal"
-components = ["rust-src", "rustfmt", "clippy"]
+components = ["rustfmt", "clippy"]

spec/Getting Started.md

@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ brew install rustup
 ```
 rustup update
 rustup toolchain install stable
-rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
+rustup target add wasmv1-none
 rustup toolchain install nightly
-rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown --toolchain nightly
+rustup target add wasmv1-none --toolchain nightly
 ```
 
 ### Install Solidity

substrate/abi/src/block.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,20 @@ use alloc::vec::Vec;
 
 use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
 
-use crate::{primitives::BlockHash, Transaction};
+use crate::{
+  primitives::{BlockHash, merkle::UnbalancedMerkleTree},
+  Transaction,
+};
+
+/// The tag for the hash of a transaction's event, forming a leaf of the Merkle tree of its events.
+pub const TRANSACTION_EVENTS_COMMITMENT_LEAF_TAG: u8 = 0;
+/// The tag for the branch hashes of transaction events.
+pub const TRANSACTION_EVENTS_COMMITMENT_BRANCH_TAG: u8 = 1;
+/// The tag for the hash of a transaction's hash and its events' Merkle root, forming a leaf of the
+/// Merkle tree which is the events commitment.
+pub const EVENTS_COMMITMENT_LEAF_TAG: u8 = 2;
+/// The tag for for the branch hashes of the Merkle tree which is the events commitments.
+pub const EVENTS_COMMITMENT_BRANCH_TAG: u8 = 3;
 
 /// A V1 header for a block.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
@@ -12,12 +25,28 @@ pub struct HeaderV1 {
   /// The genesis block has number 0.
   pub number: u64,
   /// The commitment to the DAG this header builds upon.
-  pub builds_upon: BlockHash,
+  ///
+  /// This is defined as an unbalanced Merkle tree so light clients may sync one header per epoch,
+  /// and then may prove the inclusion of any header in logarithmic depth (without providing the
+  /// entire header chain).
+  ///
+  /// Alternative popular options would be a Merkle Mountain Range, which makes more recent blocks
+  /// cheaper to prove at the sacrifice of older blocks being more expensive to prove. An MMR isn't
+  /// used in order to minimize the protocol's surface area. Additionally, even though the
+  /// unbalanced Merkle tree doesn't achieve such notably short paths for recent blocks, it does
+  /// inherently provide lower-depth paths to more recent items *on imbalance*.
+  pub builds_upon: UnbalancedMerkleTree,
   /// The UNIX time in milliseconds this block was created at.
   pub unix_time_in_millis: u64,
   /// The commitment to the transactions within this block.
-  // TODO: Some transactions don't have unique hashes due to assuming validators set unique keys
-  pub transactions_commitment: [u8; 32],
+  pub transactions_commitment: UnbalancedMerkleTree,
+  /// The commitment to the events within this block.
+  ///
+  /// The leaves of this tree will be of the form
+  /// `(EVENTS_COMMITMENT_LEAF_TAG, transaction hash, transaction's events' Merkle tree root)`.
+  /// A transaction may have the same event multiple times, yet an event may be uniquely identified
+  /// by its path within the tree.
+  pub events_commitment: UnbalancedMerkleTree,
   /// A commitment to the consensus data used to justify adding this block to the blockchain.
   pub consensus_commitment: [u8; 32],
 }
@@ -37,17 +66,23 @@ impl Header {
     }
   }
   /// Get the commitment to the DAG this header builds upon.
-  pub fn builds_upon(&self) -> BlockHash {
+  pub fn builds_upon(&self) -> UnbalancedMerkleTree {
     match self {
       Header::V1(HeaderV1 { builds_upon, .. }) => *builds_upon,
     }
   }
   /// The commitment to the transactions within this block.
-  pub fn transactions_commitment(&self) -> [u8; 32] {
+  pub fn transactions_commitment(&self) -> UnbalancedMerkleTree {
     match self {
       Header::V1(HeaderV1 { transactions_commitment, .. }) => *transactions_commitment,
     }
   }
+  /// The commitment to the events within this block.
+  pub fn events_commitment(&self) -> UnbalancedMerkleTree {
+    match self {
+      Header::V1(HeaderV1 { events_commitment, .. }) => *events_commitment,
+    }
+  }
   /// Get the hash of the header.
   pub fn hash(&self) -> BlockHash {
     BlockHash(sp_core::blake2_256(&borsh::to_vec(self).unwrap()))
@@ -81,19 +116,33 @@ mod substrate {
 
   use super::*;
 
-  /// The digest for all of the Serai-specific header fields.
+  /// The digest for all of the Serai-specific header fields added before execution of the block.
   #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
-  pub struct SeraiDigest {
-    /// The commitment to the DAG this header builds upon.
-    pub builds_upon: BlockHash,
+  pub struct SeraiPreExecutionDigest {
     /// The UNIX time in milliseconds this block was created at.
     pub unix_time_in_millis: u64,
-    /// The commitment to the transactions within this block.
-    pub transactions_commitment: [u8; 32],
   }
 
-  impl SeraiDigest {
-    const CONSENSUS_ID: [u8; 4] = *b"SRID";
+  /// The digest for all of the Serai-specific header fields determined during execution of the
+  /// block.
+  #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
+  pub struct SeraiExecutionDigest {
+    /// The commitment to the DAG this header builds upon.
+    pub builds_upon: UnbalancedMerkleTree,
+    /// The commitment to the transactions within this block.
+    pub transactions_commitment: UnbalancedMerkleTree,
+    /// The commitment to the events within this block.
+    pub events_commitment: UnbalancedMerkleTree,
+  }
+
+  impl SeraiPreExecutionDigest {
+    /// The consensus ID for a Serai pre-execution digest.
+    pub const CONSENSUS_ID: [u8; 4] = *b"SRIP";
+  }
+
+  impl SeraiExecutionDigest {
+    /// The consensus ID for a Serai execution digest.
+    pub const CONSENSUS_ID: [u8; 4] = *b"SRIE";
   }
 
   /// The consensus data for a V1 header.
@@ -132,29 +181,43 @@ mod substrate {
     fn from(header: &SubstrateHeader) -> Self {
       match header {
         SubstrateHeader::V1(header) => {
-          let digest =
-            header.consensus.digest.logs().iter().find_map(|digest_item| match digest_item {
+          let mut pre_execution_digest = None;
+          let mut execution_digest = None;
+          for log in header.consensus.digest.logs() {
+            match log {
               DigestItem::PreRuntime(consensus, encoded)
-                if *consensus == SeraiDigest::CONSENSUS_ID =>
+                if *consensus == SeraiExecutionDigest::CONSENSUS_ID =>
               {
-                SeraiDigest::deserialize_reader(&mut encoded.as_slice()).ok()
+                pre_execution_digest =
+                  SeraiPreExecutionDigest::deserialize_reader(&mut encoded.as_slice()).ok();
               }
-              _ => None,
-            });
+              DigestItem::Consensus(consensus, encoded)
+                if *consensus == SeraiExecutionDigest::CONSENSUS_ID =>
+              {
+                execution_digest =
+                  SeraiExecutionDigest::deserialize_reader(&mut encoded.as_slice()).ok();
+              }
+              _ => {}
+            }
+          }
           Header::V1(HeaderV1 {
             number: header.number,
-            builds_upon: digest
+            builds_upon: execution_digest
               .as_ref()
               .map(|digest| digest.builds_upon)
-              .unwrap_or(BlockHash::from([0; 32])),
-            unix_time_in_millis: digest
+              .unwrap_or(UnbalancedMerkleTree::EMPTY),
+            unix_time_in_millis: pre_execution_digest
               .as_ref()
               .map(|digest| digest.unix_time_in_millis)
               .unwrap_or(0),
-            transactions_commitment: digest
+            transactions_commitment: execution_digest
               .as_ref()
               .map(|digest| digest.transactions_commitment)
-              .unwrap_or([0; 32]),
+              .unwrap_or(UnbalancedMerkleTree::EMPTY),
+            events_commitment: execution_digest
+              .as_ref()
+              .map(|digest| digest.events_commitment)
+              .unwrap_or(UnbalancedMerkleTree::EMPTY),
             consensus_commitment: sp_core::blake2_256(&header.consensus.encode()),
           })
         }

substrate/abi/src/transaction.rs

@@ -204,6 +204,26 @@ impl Transaction {
     explicit_context.serialize(&mut message).unwrap();
     message
   }
+
+  /// The unique hash of this transaction.
+  ///
+  /// No two transactions on the blockchain will share a hash, making this a unique identifier.
+  /// For signed transactions, this is due to the `(signer, nonce)` pair present within the
+  /// `ExplicitContext`. For unsigned transactions, this is due to inherent properties of their
+  /// execution (e.g. only being able to set a `ValidatorSet`'s keys once).
+  pub fn hash(&self) -> [u8; 32] {
+    sp_core::blake2_256(&match self {
+      Transaction::Unsigned { call } => borsh::to_vec(&call).unwrap(),
+      Transaction::Signed {
+        calls,
+        contextualized_signature: ContextualizedSignature { explicit_context, signature: _ },
+      } => {
+        // We explicitly don't hash the signature, so signatures can be replaced in the future if
+        // desired (such as with half-aggregated Schnorr signatures)
+        borsh::to_vec(&(calls, explicit_context)).unwrap()
+      }
+    })
+  }
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "substrate")]
@@ -268,7 +288,7 @@ mod substrate {
       >;
 
     /// The implicit context to verify transactions with.
-    fn implicit_context() -> &'static ImplicitContext;
+    fn implicit_context() -> ImplicitContext;
 
     /// If a block is present in the blockchain.
     fn block_is_present_in_blockchain(&self, hash: &BlockHash) -> bool;
@@ -276,7 +296,7 @@ mod substrate {
     ///
     /// Returns `None` if the time has yet to be set.
     fn current_time(&self) -> Option<u64>;
-    /// The next nonce for an account.
+    /// Get the next nonce for an account.
     fn next_nonce(&self, signer: &SeraiAddress) -> u32;
     /// If the signer can pay the SRI fee.
     fn can_pay_fee(
@@ -284,8 +304,15 @@ mod substrate {
       signer: &SeraiAddress,
       fee: Amount,
     ) -> Result<(), TransactionValidityError>;
+
+    /// Begin execution of a transaction.
+    fn start_transaction(&self);
+    /// Consume the next nonce for an account.
+    fn consume_next_nonce(&self, signer: &SeraiAddress);
     /// Have the transaction pay its SRI fee.
     fn pay_fee(&self, signer: &SeraiAddress, fee: Amount) -> Result<(), TransactionValidityError>;
+    /// End execution of a transaction.
+    fn end_transaction(&self, transaction_hash: [u8; 32]);
   }
 
   /// A transaction with the context necessary to evaluate it within Substrate.
@@ -339,7 +366,7 @@ mod substrate {
           contextualized_signature: ContextualizedSignature { explicit_context, signature },
         } => {
           if !sp_core::sr25519::Signature::from(*signature).verify(
-            Transaction::signature_message(calls, Context::implicit_context(), explicit_context)
+            Transaction::signature_message(calls, &Context::implicit_context(), explicit_context)
               .as_slice(),
             &sp_core::sr25519::Public::from(explicit_context.signer),
           ) {
@@ -454,6 +481,7 @@ mod substrate {
           self.1.can_pay_fee(signer, *fee)?;
 
           // Prioritize transactions by their fees
+          // TODO: Re-evaluate this
           {
             let fee = fee.0;
             Weight::from_all(fee).checked_div_per_component(&info.call_weight).unwrap_or(0)
@@ -471,7 +499,12 @@ mod substrate {
       // We use 0 for the mempool priority, as this is no longer in the mempool so it's irrelevant
       self.validate_except_fee::<V>(TransactionSource::InBlock, 0)?;
 
-      match self.0 {
+      // Start the transaction
+      self.1.start_transaction();
+
+      let transaction_hash = self.0.hash();
+
+      let res = match self.0 {
         Transaction::Unsigned { call } => {
           let call = Context::RuntimeCall::from(call.0);
           V::pre_dispatch(&call)?;
@@ -486,7 +519,9 @@ mod substrate {
           contextualized_signature:
             ContextualizedSignature { explicit_context: ExplicitContext { signer, fee, .. }, .. },
         } => {
-          // Start by paying the fee
+          // Consume the signer's next nonce
+          self.1.consume_next_nonce(&signer);
+          // Pay the fee
           self.1.pay_fee(&signer, fee)?;
 
           let _res = frame_support::storage::transactional::with_storage_layer(|| {
@@ -513,7 +548,14 @@ mod substrate {
             pays_fee: Pays::Yes,
           }))
         }
-      }
+      };
+
+      // TODO: TransactionSuccess/TransactionFailure event?
+
+      // End the transaction
+      self.1.end_transaction(transaction_hash);
+
+      res
     }
   }
 }

substrate/abi/src/validator_sets.rs

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ use serai_primitives::{
 pub enum Call {
   /// Set the keys for a validator set.
   set_keys {
-    /// The network whose latest validator set is setting their keys.
-    network: ExternalNetworkId,
+    /// The validator set which is setting their keys.
+    validator_set: ExternalValidatorSet,
     /// The keys being set.
     key_pair: KeyPair,
     /// The participants in the validator set who signed off on these keys.
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ pub enum Call {
   },
   /// Report a validator set's slashes onto Serai.
   report_slashes {
-    /// The network whose retiring validator set is setting their keys.
-    network: ExternalNetworkId,
+    /// The validator set which is setting their keys.
+    validator_set: ExternalValidatorSet,
     /// The slashes they're reporting.
     slashes: SlashReport,
     /// The signature confirming the validity of this slash report.

substrate/client/Cargo.toml

@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ serai-docker-tests = { path = "../../tests/docker" }
 
 [features]
 serai = ["thiserror/std", "serde", "serde_json", "multiaddr", "sp-core", "sp-runtime", "frame-system", "simple-request"]
-borsh = []
 
 networks = []
 bitcoin = ["networks", "dep:bitcoin"]

substrate/coins/Cargo.toml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name = "serai-coins-pallet"
 version = "0.1.0"
 description = "Coins pallet for Serai"
 license = "AGPL-3.0-only"
-repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/coins/pallet"
+repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/coins"
 authors = ["Akil Demir <akildemir72@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.80"
@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@ sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "sera
 
 pallet-transaction-payment = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 
-serai-primitives = { path = "../../primitives", default-features = false, features = ["serde"] }
-coins-primitives = { package = "serai-coins-primitives", path = "../primitives", default-features = false }
+serai-primitives = { path = "../primitives", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
@@ -49,7 +48,6 @@ std = [
   "pallet-transaction-payment/std",
 
   "serai-primitives/std",
-  "coins-primitives/std",
 ]
 
 try-runtime = [

substrate/coins/primitives/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "serai-coins-primitives"
-version = "0.1.0"
-description = "Serai coins primitives"
-license = "MIT"
-authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>"]
-edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.80"
-
-[package.metadata.docs.rs]
-all-features = true
-rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-zeroize = { version = "^1.5", features = ["derive"], optional = true }
-
-borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "de_strict_order"], optional = true }
-serde = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "alloc"], optional = true }
-
-scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
-scale-info = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
-
-serai-primitives = { path = "../../primitives", default-features = false }
-
-[dev-dependencies]
-sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-
-[features]
-std = ["zeroize", "borsh?/std", "serde?/std", "scale/std", "scale-info/std", "sp-runtime/std", "serai-primitives/std"]
-borsh = ["dep:borsh", "serai-primitives/borsh"]
-serde = ["dep:serde", "serai-primitives/serde"]
-default = ["std"]

substrate/coins/primitives/LICENSE

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2023 Luke Parker
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.

substrate/coins/primitives/src/lib.rs

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-

substrate/dex/Cargo.toml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name = "serai-dex-pallet"
 version = "0.1.0"
 description = "DEX pallet for Serai"
 license = "AGPL-3.0-only"
-repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/dex/pallet"
+repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/dex"
 authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>, Akil Demir <akildemir72@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.80"
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "se
 frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 frame-benchmarking = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false, optional = true }
 
-coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../../coins/pallet", default-features = false }
+coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../coins", default-features = false }
 
-serai-primitives = { path = "../../primitives", default-features = false }
+serai-primitives = { path = "../primitives", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["getrandom"] }

substrate/economic-security/Cargo.toml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name = "serai-economic-security-pallet"
 version = "0.1.0"
 description = "Economic Security pallet for Serai"
 license = "AGPL-3.0-only"
-repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/economic-security/pallet"
+repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/economic-security"
 authors = ["Akil Demir <akildemir72@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.80"
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ scale-info = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
 frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 
-dex-pallet = { package = "serai-dex-pallet", path = "../../dex/pallet", default-features = false }
-coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../../coins/pallet", default-features = false }
+dex-pallet = { package = "serai-dex-pallet", path = "../dex", default-features = false }
+coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../coins", default-features = false }
 
-serai-primitives = { path = "../../primitives", default-features = false }
+serai-primitives = { path = "../primitives", default-features = false }
 
 
 [dev-dependencies]
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pallet-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "ser
 pallet-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 pallet-timestamp = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 
-validator-sets-pallet = { package = "serai-validator-sets-pallet", path = "../../validator-sets/pallet", default-features = false }
+validator-sets-pallet = { package = "serai-validator-sets-pallet", path = "../validator-sets", default-features = false }
 
 sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }

substrate/emissions/Cargo.toml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name = "serai-emissions-pallet"
 version = "0.1.0"
 description = "Emissions pallet for Serai"
 license = "AGPL-3.0-only"
-repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/emissions/pallet"
+repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/emissions"
 authors = ["Akil Demir <akildemir72@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.80"
@@ -28,16 +28,14 @@ frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "s
 sp-std = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 
-coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../../coins/pallet", default-features = false }
-validator-sets-pallet = { package = "serai-validator-sets-pallet", path = "../../validator-sets/pallet", default-features = false }
-dex-pallet = { package = "serai-dex-pallet", path = "../../dex/pallet", default-features = false }
-genesis-liquidity-pallet = { package = "serai-genesis-liquidity-pallet", path = "../../genesis-liquidity/pallet", default-features = false }
+coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../coins", default-features = false }
+validator-sets-pallet = { package = "serai-validator-sets-pallet", path = "../validator-sets", default-features = false }
+dex-pallet = { package = "serai-dex-pallet", path = "../dex", default-features = false }
+genesis-liquidity-pallet = { package = "serai-genesis-liquidity-pallet", path = "../genesis-liquidity", default-features = false }
 
-economic-security-pallet = { package = "serai-economic-security-pallet", path = "../../economic-security/pallet", default-features = false }
+economic-security-pallet = { package = "serai-economic-security-pallet", path = "../economic-security", default-features = false }
 
-serai-primitives = { path = "../../primitives", default-features = false }
-validator-sets-primitives = { package = "serai-validator-sets-primitives", path = "../../validator-sets/primitives", default-features = false }
-emissions-primitives = { package = "serai-emissions-primitives", path = "../primitives", default-features = false }
+serai-primitives = { path = "../primitives", default-features = false }
 
 [features]
 std = [
@@ -58,8 +56,6 @@ std = [
   "economic-security-pallet/std",
 
   "serai-primitives/std",
-  "emissions-primitives/std",
 ]
-fast-epoch = []
 try-runtime = [] # TODO
 default = ["std"]

substrate/emissions/primitives/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "serai-emissions-primitives"
-version = "0.1.0"
-description = "Serai emissions primitives"
-license = "MIT"
-repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/emissions/primitives"
-authors = ["Akil Demir <akildemir72@gmail.com>"]
-edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.80"
-
-[package.metadata.docs.rs]
-all-features = true
-rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-serai-primitives = { path = "../../primitives", default-features = false }
-
-[features]
-std = ["serai-primitives/std"]
-default = ["std"]

substrate/emissions/primitives/LICENSE

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2024 Luke Parker
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.

substrate/emissions/primitives/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg))]
-#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
-#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
-
-use serai_primitives::{DAYS, YEARS, SeraiAddress, system_address};
-
-// Protocol owned liquidity account.
-pub const POL_ACCOUNT: SeraiAddress = system_address(b"Serai-protocol_owned_liquidity");
-
-/// INITIAL_REWARD = 100,000 SRI / BLOCKS_PER_DAY for 60 days
-pub const INITIAL_REWARD_PER_BLOCK: u64 = (100_000 * 10u64.pow(8)) / DAYS;
-
-/// REWARD = 20M SRI / BLOCKS_PER_YEAR
-pub const REWARD_PER_BLOCK: u64 = (20_000_000 * 10u64.pow(8)) / YEARS;
-
-/// 20% of all stake desired to be for Serai network
-pub const SERAI_VALIDATORS_DESIRED_PERCENTAGE: u64 = 20;
-
-/// Desired unused capacity ratio for a network assuming capacity is 10,000.
-pub const DESIRED_DISTRIBUTION: u64 = 1_000;
-
-/// Percentage scale for the validator vs. pool reward distribution.
-pub const ACCURACY_MULTIPLIER: u64 = 10_000;
-
-/// The block to target for economic security
-pub const SECURE_BY: u64 = YEARS;

substrate/genesis-liquidity/Cargo.toml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name = "serai-genesis-liquidity-pallet"
 version = "0.1.0"
 description = "Genesis liquidity pallet for Serai"
 license = "AGPL-3.0-only"
-repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/genesis-liquidity/pallet"
+repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/genesis-liquidity"
 authors = ["Akil Demir <akildemir72@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.80"
@@ -29,15 +29,13 @@ sp-std = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-ne
 sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 sp-application-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 
-dex-pallet = { package = "serai-dex-pallet", path = "../../dex/pallet", default-features = false }
-coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../../coins/pallet", default-features = false }
-validator-sets-pallet = { package = "serai-validator-sets-pallet", path = "../../validator-sets/pallet", default-features = false }
+dex-pallet = { package = "serai-dex-pallet", path = "../dex", default-features = false }
+coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../coins", default-features = false }
+validator-sets-pallet = { package = "serai-validator-sets-pallet", path = "../validator-sets", default-features = false }
 
-economic-security-pallet = { package = "serai-economic-security-pallet", path = "../../economic-security/pallet", default-features = false }
+economic-security-pallet = { package = "serai-economic-security-pallet", path = "../economic-security", default-features = false }
 
-serai-primitives = { path = "../../primitives", default-features = false }
-genesis-liquidity-primitives = { package = "serai-genesis-liquidity-primitives", path = "../primitives", default-features = false }
-validator-sets-primitives = { package = "serai-validator-sets-primitives", path = "../../validator-sets/primitives", default-features = false }
+serai-primitives = { path = "../primitives", default-features = false }
 
 [features]
 std = [
@@ -58,10 +56,7 @@ std = [
   "economic-security-pallet/std",
 
   "serai-primitives/std",
-  "genesis-liquidity-primitives/std",
-  "validator-sets-primitives/std",
 ]
 try-runtime = [] # TODO
-fast-epoch = []
 
 default = ["std"]

substrate/genesis-liquidity/primitives/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "serai-genesis-liquidity-primitives"
-version = "0.1.0"
-description = "Serai genesis liquidity primitives"
-license = "MIT"
-repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/genesis-liquidity/primitives"
-authors = ["Akil Demir <akildemir72@gmail.com>"]
-edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.80"
-
-[package.metadata.docs.rs]
-all-features = true
-rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-zeroize = { version = "^1.5", features = ["derive"], optional = true }
-
-borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "de_strict_order"], optional = true }
-serde = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "alloc"], optional = true }
-
-scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
-scale-info = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
-
-sp-std = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-
-serai-primitives = { path = "../../primitives", default-features = false }
-validator-sets-primitives = { package = "serai-validator-sets-primitives", path = "../../validator-sets/primitives", default-features = false }
-
-[features]
-std = [
-  "zeroize",
-  "scale/std",
-  "borsh?/std",
-  "serde?/std",
-  "scale-info/std",
-
-  "serai-primitives/std",
-  "validator-sets-primitives/std",
-
-  "sp-std/std"
-]
-default = ["std"]

substrate/genesis-liquidity/primitives/LICENSE

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2024 Luke Parker
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.

substrate/genesis-liquidity/primitives/src/lib.rs

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-

substrate/in-instructions/Cargo.toml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ name = "serai-in-instructions-pallet"
 version = "0.1.0"
 description = "Execute calls via In Instructions from unsigned transactions"
 license = "AGPL-3.0-only"
+repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/genesis-liquidity"
 authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 publish = false
@@ -33,21 +34,20 @@ sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-n
 frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 
-serai-primitives = { path = "../../primitives", default-features = false }
-in-instructions-primitives = { package = "serai-in-instructions-primitives", path = "../primitives", default-features = false }
+serai-primitives = { path = "../primitives", default-features = false }
 
-coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../../coins/pallet", default-features = false }
-dex-pallet = { package = "serai-dex-pallet", path = "../../dex/pallet", default-features = false }
-validator-sets-pallet = { package = "serai-validator-sets-pallet", path = "../../validator-sets/pallet", default-features = false }
-genesis-liquidity-pallet = { package = "serai-genesis-liquidity-pallet", path = "../../genesis-liquidity/pallet", default-features = false }
-emissions-pallet = { package = "serai-emissions-pallet", path = "../../emissions/pallet", default-features = false }
+coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../coins", default-features = false }
+dex-pallet = { package = "serai-dex-pallet", path = "../dex", default-features = false }
+validator-sets-pallet = { package = "serai-validator-sets-pallet", path = "../validator-sets", default-features = false }
+genesis-liquidity-pallet = { package = "serai-genesis-liquidity-pallet", path = "../genesis-liquidity", default-features = false }
+emissions-pallet = { package = "serai-emissions-pallet", path = "../emissions", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 pallet-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 pallet-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 pallet-timestamp = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 
-economic-security-pallet = { package = "serai-economic-security-pallet", path = "../../economic-security/pallet", default-features = false }
+economic-security-pallet = { package = "serai-economic-security-pallet", path = "../economic-security", default-features = false }
 
 [features]
 std = [
@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ std = [
   "frame-support/std",
 
   "serai-primitives/std",
-  "in-instructions-primitives/std",
 
   "coins-pallet/std",
   "dex-pallet/std",

substrate/in-instructions/primitives/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "serai-in-instructions-primitives"
-version = "0.1.0"
-description = "Serai instructions library, enabling encoding and decoding"
-license = "MIT"
-authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>"]
-edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.80"
-
-[package.metadata.docs.rs]
-all-features = true
-rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-zeroize = { version = "^1.5", features = ["derive"], optional = true }
-
-borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "de_strict_order"], optional = true }
-serde = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "alloc"], optional = true }
-
-scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
-scale-info = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
-
-sp-std = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-sp-application-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-
-serai-primitives = { path = "../../primitives", default-features = false }
-coins-primitives = { package = "serai-coins-primitives", path = "../../coins/primitives", default-features = false }
-
-[features]
-std = [
-  "zeroize",
-
-  "borsh?/std",
-  "serde?/std",
-
-  "scale/std",
-  "scale-info/std",
-
-  "sp-std/std",
-  "sp-application-crypto/std",
-  "sp-runtime/std",
-
-  "serai-primitives/std",
-  "coins-primitives/std",
-]
-borsh = ["dep:borsh", "serai-primitives/borsh", "coins-primitives/borsh"]
-serde = ["dep:serde", "serai-primitives/serde", "coins-primitives/serde"]
-default = ["std"]

substrate/in-instructions/primitives/LICENSE

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Luke Parker
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.

substrate/in-instructions/primitives/src/lib.rs

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-

substrate/node/Cargo.toml

@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ substrate-build-script-utils = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sd
 
 [features]
 default = []
-fast-epoch = ["serai-runtime/fast-epoch"]
 runtime-benchmarks = [
   "frame-benchmarking/runtime-benchmarks",
 

substrate/primitives/Cargo.toml

@@ -28,8 +28,9 @@ dkg = { path = "../../crypto/dkg", default-features = false }
 
 bech32 = { version = "0.11", default-features = false }
 
+[dev-dependencies]
+rand_core = { version = "0.6", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+
 [features]
 std = ["zeroize/std", "borsh/std", "ciphersuite/std", "dkg/std", "sp-core/std", "bech32/std"]
 default = ["std"]
-borsh = [] # TODO
-serde = [] # TODO

substrate/primitives/src/address.rs

@@ -27,6 +27,10 @@ const HUMAN_READABLE_PART: bech32::Hrp = bech32::Hrp::parse_unchecked("sri");
 #[derive(scale::Encode, scale::Decode)] // This is safe as scale and borsh share an encoding here
 pub struct SeraiAddress(pub [u8; 32]);
 
+// These share encodings as 32-byte arrays
+impl scale::EncodeLike<Public> for SeraiAddress {}
+impl scale::EncodeLike<Public> for &SeraiAddress {}
+
 impl SeraiAddress {
   /// Generate an address for use by the system.
   ///

substrate/primitives/src/lib.rs

@@ -43,14 +43,15 @@ pub mod signals;
 /// Instruction types.
 pub mod instructions;
 
+/// Merkle trees.
+pub mod merkle;
+
 /// The type used to identify block numbers.
 ///
 /// A block's number is its zero-indexed position on the list of blocks which form a blockchain.
 /// For non-linear structures, this would presumably be the zero-indexed position within some
 /// topological order.
-#[derive(
-  Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, Zeroize, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize,
-)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, Zeroize, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub struct BlockNumber(pub u64);
 impl From<u64> for BlockNumber {
   fn from(number: u64) -> BlockNumber {
@@ -66,6 +67,8 @@ impl From<u64> for BlockNumber {
   hash it into a 32-byte hash or truncate it.
 */
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, Zeroize, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+#[derive(scale::Encode, scale::Decode)] // This is safe as scale and borsh share an encoding here
 pub struct BlockHash(pub [u8; 32]);
 impl From<[u8; 32]> for BlockHash {
   fn from(hash: [u8; 32]) -> BlockHash {
@@ -77,3 +80,7 @@ impl From<sp_core::H256> for BlockHash {
     BlockHash(hash.into())
   }
 }
+
+// These share encodings as 32-byte arrays
+impl scale::EncodeLike<sp_core::H256> for BlockHash {}
+impl scale::EncodeLike<sp_core::H256> for &BlockHash {}

substrate/primitives/src/merkle.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
+use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
+
+/// An unbalanced Merkle tree.
+///
+/// This Merkle tree represents its leaves once and only once (distinct from a balanced Merkle
+/// tree, which would require padding its leaves to a power of two). Accordingly, leaves have
+/// canonical paths. This is useful for anyone who wants to index leaves which don't inherently
+/// have indexes.
+///
+/// `[0; 32]` is used to represent an empty tree.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
+pub struct UnbalancedMerkleTree {
+  /// The root of the tree represented.
+  pub root: [u8; 32],
+}
+
+impl UnbalancedMerkleTree {
+  /// An empty Merkle tree.
+  pub const EMPTY: Self = Self { root: [0; 32] };
+
+  /// If this tree is empty of leaves.
+  pub fn is_empty(self) -> bool {
+    self == Self::EMPTY
+  }
+
+  fn branch_hash(tag: u8, left: &[u8; 32], right: &[u8; 32]) -> [u8; 32] {
+    let mut preimage = [tag; 65];
+    preimage[1 .. 33].copy_from_slice(left);
+    preimage[33 ..].copy_from_slice(right);
+    sp_core::blake2_256(&preimage)
+  }
+
+  /// Create a new Merkle tree from a set of leaves.
+  ///
+  /// Each branch hash will be prefixed by the specified tag. To ensure branches are not argued
+  /// leaves, and vice-versa, the hashes present in the list MUST never have preimages whose first
+  /// byte may be the specified tag byte.
+  ///
+  /// This method performs intermediary allocations necessary to calculate the root.
+  pub fn new(tag: u8, leaves: Vec<[u8; 32]>) -> Self {
+    if leaves.is_empty() {
+      return Self::EMPTY;
+    }
+
+    let mut current = leaves;
+    let mut next = Vec::with_capacity(current.len().div_ceil(2));
+    // Iterate until the root hash
+    while current.len() != 1 {
+      let mut iter = current.iter();
+      while let Some(a) = iter.next() {
+        match iter.next() {
+          // If we have a pair of hashes, create a branch hash
+          Some(b) => {
+            next.push(Self::branch_hash(tag, a, b));
+          }
+          // If we don't, propagate this hash
+          None => next.push(*a),
+        }
+      }
+      core::mem::swap(&mut current, &mut next);
+      next.clear();
+    }
+    Self { root: current[0] }
+  }
+}
+
+/// An unbalanced Merkle tree which is incrementally created.
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
+pub struct IncrementalUnbalancedMerkleTree {
+  /// (number of children under branch, branch hash)
+  branches: Vec<(u64, [u8; 32])>,
+}
+
+impl IncrementalUnbalancedMerkleTree {
+  /// Create a new incrementally-created unbalanced merkle tree.
+  pub fn new() -> Self {
+    Self { branches: Vec::new() }
+  }
+
+  /// Reduce the incremental tree.
+  ///
+  /// We prune the descendants of fully-populated branches.
+  fn reduce(&mut self, tag: u8) {
+    while {
+      // If we have two branches eligible to be merged, and they're of equal depth
+      let len = self.branches.len();
+      (len >= 2) && (self.branches[len - 2].0 == self.branches[len - 1].0)
+    } {
+      // Merge them, as the two descendants of this branch, pruning themselves
+      let right = self.branches.pop().unwrap();
+      let left = self.branches.last_mut().unwrap();
+      left.0 *= 2;
+      left.1 = UnbalancedMerkleTree::branch_hash(tag, &left.1, &right.1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Append a leaf to this merkle tree.
+  ///
+  /// The conditions on this leaf are the same as defined by `UnbalancedMerkleTree::new`.
+  ///
+  /// This will not calculate any hashes not necessary for the eventual root.
+  pub fn append(&mut self, tag: u8, leaf: [u8; 32]) {
+    self.branches.push((1, leaf));
+    self.reduce(tag);
+  }
+
+  /// Calculate the `UnbalancedMerkleTree` for this tree.
+  pub fn calculate(mut self, tag: u8) -> UnbalancedMerkleTree {
+    if self.branches.is_empty() {
+      return UnbalancedMerkleTree::EMPTY;
+    }
+    while self.branches.len() > 1 {
+      // The left-most list elements will have already be hashed at the layer simulated for the
+      // right-most list elements. We emulate the hashes upon carries for right-most elements
+      {
+        let right = self.branches.pop().unwrap();
+        let left = self.branches.last_mut().unwrap();
+        left.0 *= 2;
+        left.1 = UnbalancedMerkleTree::branch_hash(tag, &left.1, &right.1);
+      }
+      // And then we perform any hashes due to being of equal depth
+      self.reduce(tag);
+    }
+    UnbalancedMerkleTree { root: self.branches[0].1 }
+  }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+#[test]
+fn unbalanced_merkle_tree() {
+  use sp_core::Encode;
+
+  use rand_core::{RngCore, OsRng};
+
+  let tag = u8::try_from(OsRng.next_u64() % u64::from(u8::MAX)).unwrap();
+  let mut list_of_hashes = vec![];
+  let mut incremental = IncrementalUnbalancedMerkleTree::new();
+  for i in 0 ..= 257 {
+    assert_eq!(list_of_hashes.len(), i);
+
+    // Calculate the root of the tree
+    let with_new = UnbalancedMerkleTree::new(tag, list_of_hashes.clone());
+    // Check `is_empty` works
+    assert_eq!(with_new.is_empty(), i == 0);
+    // The reference method, easy to audit, should have identical behavior to the optimized method
+    assert_eq!(
+      with_new,
+      UnbalancedMerkleTree::from_scale_encoded_list_of_hashes(tag, list_of_hashes.encode())
+    );
+    // The encoding of a slice should work the same as the encoding of a list
+    assert_eq!(
+      with_new,
+      UnbalancedMerkleTree::from_scale_encoded_list_of_hashes(
+        tag,
+        list_of_hashes.as_slice().encode()
+      )
+    );
+    // Check the incremental method produces an identical result
+    assert_eq!(incremental.clone().calculate(tag), with_new, "{i}");
+
+    // If the tree has branches...
+    if i > 1 {
+      // Changing the tag should change the root hash
+      assert!(with_new != UnbalancedMerkleTree::new(tag.wrapping_add(1), list_of_hashes.clone()));
+    }
+
+    // Push a new hash onto the list for the next iteration
+    {
+      let mut hash = [0; 32];
+      OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut hash);
+      list_of_hashes.push(hash);
+      incremental.append(tag, hash);
+    }
+  }
+}

substrate/runtime/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "serai-runtime"
 version = "0.1.0"
-description = "Serai network node runtime, built over Substrate"
+description = "Serai's on-chain logic"
 license = "AGPL-3.0-only"
 repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/runtime"
 authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>"]
@@ -19,61 +19,21 @@ ignored = ["scale", "scale-info"]
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-hashbrown = { version = "0.15", default-features = false, features = ["default-hasher", "inline-more"] }
+borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "de_strict_order"] }
 
 scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
 scale-info = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
 
 sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-sp-std = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-
-sp-offchain = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 sp-version = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-sp-inherents = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-
-sp-session = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-sp-consensus-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-sp-consensus-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-
-sp-authority-discovery = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-
-sp-transaction-pool = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-sp-block-builder = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-
 sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 sp-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 
+serai-abi = { path = "../abi", default-features = false, features = ["substrate"] }
+
 frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 frame-executive = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-frame-benchmarking = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false, optional = true }
-
-serai-primitives = { path = "../primitives", default-features = false }
-serai-abi = { path = "../abi", default-features = false }
-
-pallet-timestamp = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-pallet-authorship = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-
-pallet-transaction-payment = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-
-coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../coins/pallet", default-features = false }
-dex-pallet = { package = "serai-dex-pallet", path = "../dex/pallet", default-features = false }
-
-validator-sets-pallet = { package = "serai-validator-sets-pallet", path = "../validator-sets/pallet", default-features = false }
-genesis-liquidity-pallet = { package = "serai-genesis-liquidity-pallet", path = "../genesis-liquidity/pallet", default-features = false }
-emissions-pallet = { package = "serai-emissions-pallet", path = "../emissions/pallet", default-features = false }
-
-economic-security-pallet = { package = "serai-economic-security-pallet", path = "../economic-security/pallet", default-features = false }
-
-in-instructions-pallet = { package = "serai-in-instructions-pallet", path = "../in-instructions/pallet", default-features = false }
-
-signals-pallet = { package = "serai-signals-pallet", path = "../signals/pallet", default-features = false }
-
-pallet-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-pallet-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-
-frame-system-rpc-runtime-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-pallet-transaction-payment-rpc-runtime-api = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 
 [build-dependencies]
 substrate-wasm-builder = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next" }
@@ -84,21 +44,7 @@ std = [
   "scale-info/std",
 
   "sp-core/std",
-  "sp-std/std",
-
-  "sp-offchain/std",
   "sp-version/std",
-  "sp-inherents/std",
-
-  "sp-session/std",
-  "sp-consensus-babe/std",
-  "sp-consensus-grandpa/std",
-
-  "sp-authority-discovery/std",
-
-  "sp-transaction-pool/std",
-  "sp-block-builder/std",
-
   "sp-runtime/std",
   "sp-api/std",
 
@@ -106,50 +52,10 @@ std = [
   "frame-support/std",
   "frame-executive/std",
 
-  "serai-primitives/std",
   "serai-abi/std",
-
-  "pallet-timestamp/std",
-  "pallet-authorship/std",
-
-  "pallet-transaction-payment/std",
-
-  "coins-pallet/std",
-  "dex-pallet/std",
-
-  "validator-sets-pallet/std",
-  "genesis-liquidity-pallet/std",
-  "emissions-pallet/std",
-
-  "economic-security-pallet/std",
-
-  "in-instructions-pallet/std",
-
-  "signals-pallet/std",
-
-  "pallet-babe/std",
-  "pallet-grandpa/std",
-
-  "frame-system-rpc-runtime-api/std",
-  "pallet-transaction-payment-rpc-runtime-api/std",
 ]
 
-fast-epoch = [
-  "genesis-liquidity-pallet/fast-epoch",
-  "emissions-pallet/fast-epoch",
-]
-
-runtime-benchmarks = [
-  "sp-runtime/runtime-benchmarks",
-
-  "frame-system/runtime-benchmarks",
-  "frame-support/runtime-benchmarks",
-  "frame-benchmarking/runtime-benchmarks",
-
-  "pallet-timestamp/runtime-benchmarks",
-
-  "pallet-babe/runtime-benchmarks",
-  "pallet-grandpa/runtime-benchmarks",
-]
+try-runtime = ["sp-runtime/try-runtime", "serai-abi/try-runtime", "frame-system/try-runtime", "frame-support/try-runtime", "frame-executive/try-runtime"]
+runtime-benchmarks = ["sp-runtime/runtime-benchmarks", "frame-system/runtime-benchmarks", "frame-support/runtime-benchmarks"]
 
 default = ["std"]

substrate/runtime/build.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,4 @@
-use substrate_wasm_builder::WasmBuilder;
-
 fn main() {
-  WasmBuilder::new()
-    .with_current_project()
-    // https://substrate.stackexchange.com/questions/12124
-    // TODO: Remove once we've moved to polkadot-sdk
-    .disable_runtime_version_section_check()
-    .export_heap_base()
-    .import_memory()
-    .build()
+  #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+  substrate_wasm_builder::WasmBuilder::build_using_defaults();
 }

substrate/runtime/src/abi.rs

@@ -1,372 +0,0 @@
-use core::marker::PhantomData;
-
-use scale::{Encode, Decode};
-
-use serai_abi::Call;
-
-use crate::{
-  timestamp, coins, dex, genesis_liquidity,
-  validator_sets::{self, MembershipProof},
-  in_instructions, signals, babe, grandpa, RuntimeCall,
-};
-
-impl From<Call> for RuntimeCall {
-  fn from(call: Call) -> RuntimeCall {
-    match call {
-      Call::Timestamp(serai_abi::timestamp::Call::set { now }) => {
-        RuntimeCall::Timestamp(timestamp::Call::set { now })
-      }
-      Call::Coins(coins) => match coins {
-        serai_abi::coins::Call::transfer { to, balance } => {
-          RuntimeCall::Coins(coins::Call::transfer { to: to.into(), balance })
-        }
-        serai_abi::coins::Call::burn { balance } => {
-          RuntimeCall::Coins(coins::Call::burn { balance })
-        }
-        serai_abi::coins::Call::burn_with_instruction { instruction } => {
-          RuntimeCall::Coins(coins::Call::burn_with_instruction { instruction })
-        }
-      },
-      Call::LiquidityTokens(lt) => match lt {
-        serai_abi::liquidity_tokens::Call::transfer { to, balance } => {
-          RuntimeCall::LiquidityTokens(coins::Call::transfer { to: to.into(), balance })
-        }
-        serai_abi::liquidity_tokens::Call::burn { balance } => {
-          RuntimeCall::LiquidityTokens(coins::Call::burn { balance })
-        }
-      },
-      Call::Dex(dex) => match dex {
-        serai_abi::dex::Call::add_liquidity {
-          coin,
-          coin_desired,
-          sri_desired,
-          coin_min,
-          sri_min,
-          mint_to,
-        } => RuntimeCall::Dex(dex::Call::add_liquidity {
-          coin,
-          coin_desired,
-          sri_desired,
-          coin_min,
-          sri_min,
-          mint_to: mint_to.into(),
-        }),
-        serai_abi::dex::Call::remove_liquidity {
-          coin,
-          lp_token_burn,
-          coin_min_receive,
-          sri_min_receive,
-          withdraw_to,
-        } => RuntimeCall::Dex(dex::Call::remove_liquidity {
-          coin,
-          lp_token_burn,
-          coin_min_receive,
-          sri_min_receive,
-          withdraw_to: withdraw_to.into(),
-        }),
-        serai_abi::dex::Call::swap_exact_tokens_for_tokens {
-          path,
-          amount_in,
-          amount_out_min,
-          send_to,
-        } => RuntimeCall::Dex(dex::Call::swap_exact_tokens_for_tokens {
-          path,
-          amount_in,
-          amount_out_min,
-          send_to: send_to.into(),
-        }),
-        serai_abi::dex::Call::swap_tokens_for_exact_tokens {
-          path,
-          amount_out,
-          amount_in_max,
-          send_to,
-        } => RuntimeCall::Dex(dex::Call::swap_tokens_for_exact_tokens {
-          path,
-          amount_out,
-          amount_in_max,
-          send_to: send_to.into(),
-        }),
-      },
-      Call::ValidatorSets(vs) => match vs {
-        serai_abi::validator_sets::Call::set_keys {
-          network,
-          key_pair,
-          signature_participants,
-          signature,
-        } => RuntimeCall::ValidatorSets(validator_sets::Call::set_keys {
-          network,
-          key_pair,
-          signature_participants,
-          signature,
-        }),
-        serai_abi::validator_sets::Call::set_embedded_elliptic_curve_key {
-          embedded_elliptic_curve,
-          key,
-        } => RuntimeCall::ValidatorSets(validator_sets::Call::set_embedded_elliptic_curve_key {
-          embedded_elliptic_curve,
-          key,
-        }),
-        serai_abi::validator_sets::Call::report_slashes { network, slashes, signature } => {
-          RuntimeCall::ValidatorSets(validator_sets::Call::report_slashes {
-            network,
-            slashes,
-            signature,
-          })
-        }
-        serai_abi::validator_sets::Call::allocate { network, amount } => {
-          RuntimeCall::ValidatorSets(validator_sets::Call::allocate { network, amount })
-        }
-        serai_abi::validator_sets::Call::deallocate { network, amount } => {
-          RuntimeCall::ValidatorSets(validator_sets::Call::deallocate { network, amount })
-        }
-        serai_abi::validator_sets::Call::claim_deallocation { network, session } => {
-          RuntimeCall::ValidatorSets(validator_sets::Call::claim_deallocation { network, session })
-        }
-      },
-      Call::GenesisLiquidity(gl) => match gl {
-        serai_abi::genesis_liquidity::Call::remove_coin_liquidity { balance } => {
-          RuntimeCall::GenesisLiquidity(genesis_liquidity::Call::remove_coin_liquidity { balance })
-        }
-        serai_abi::genesis_liquidity::Call::oraclize_values { values, signature } => {
-          RuntimeCall::GenesisLiquidity(genesis_liquidity::Call::oraclize_values {
-            values,
-            signature,
-          })
-        }
-      },
-      Call::InInstructions(ii) => match ii {
-        serai_abi::in_instructions::Call::execute_batch { batch } => {
-          RuntimeCall::InInstructions(in_instructions::Call::execute_batch { batch })
-        }
-      },
-      Call::Signals(signals) => match signals {
-        serai_abi::signals::Call::register_retirement_signal { in_favor_of } => {
-          RuntimeCall::Signals(signals::Call::register_retirement_signal { in_favor_of })
-        }
-        serai_abi::signals::Call::revoke_retirement_signal { retirement_signal_id } => {
-          RuntimeCall::Signals(signals::Call::revoke_retirement_signal { retirement_signal_id })
-        }
-        serai_abi::signals::Call::favor { signal_id, for_network } => {
-          RuntimeCall::Signals(signals::Call::favor { signal_id, for_network })
-        }
-        serai_abi::signals::Call::revoke_favor { signal_id, for_network } => {
-          RuntimeCall::Signals(signals::Call::revoke_favor { signal_id, for_network })
-        }
-        serai_abi::signals::Call::stand_against { signal_id, for_network } => {
-          RuntimeCall::Signals(signals::Call::stand_against { signal_id, for_network })
-        }
-      },
-      Call::Babe(babe) => match babe {
-        serai_abi::babe::Call::report_equivocation(report) => {
-          RuntimeCall::Babe(babe::Call::report_equivocation {
-            // TODO: Find a better way to go from Proof<[u8; 32]> to Proof<H256>
-            equivocation_proof: <_>::decode(&mut report.equivocation_proof.encode().as_slice())
-              .unwrap(),
-            key_owner_proof: MembershipProof(report.key_owner_proof.into(), PhantomData),
-          })
-        }
-        serai_abi::babe::Call::report_equivocation_unsigned(report) => {
-          RuntimeCall::Babe(babe::Call::report_equivocation_unsigned {
-            // TODO: Find a better way to go from Proof<[u8; 32]> to Proof<H256>
-            equivocation_proof: <_>::decode(&mut report.equivocation_proof.encode().as_slice())
-              .unwrap(),
-            key_owner_proof: MembershipProof(report.key_owner_proof.into(), PhantomData),
-          })
-        }
-      },
-      Call::Grandpa(grandpa) => match grandpa {
-        serai_abi::grandpa::Call::report_equivocation(report) => {
-          RuntimeCall::Grandpa(grandpa::Call::report_equivocation {
-            // TODO: Find a better way to go from Proof<[u8; 32]> to Proof<H256>
-            equivocation_proof: <_>::decode(&mut report.equivocation_proof.encode().as_slice())
-              .unwrap(),
-            key_owner_proof: MembershipProof(report.key_owner_proof.into(), PhantomData),
-          })
-        }
-        serai_abi::grandpa::Call::report_equivocation_unsigned(report) => {
-          RuntimeCall::Grandpa(grandpa::Call::report_equivocation_unsigned {
-            // TODO: Find a better way to go from Proof<[u8; 32]> to Proof<H256>
-            equivocation_proof: <_>::decode(&mut report.equivocation_proof.encode().as_slice())
-              .unwrap(),
-            key_owner_proof: MembershipProof(report.key_owner_proof.into(), PhantomData),
-          })
-        }
-      },
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-impl TryInto<Call> for RuntimeCall {
-  type Error = ();
-
-  fn try_into(self) -> Result<Call, ()> {
-    Ok(match self {
-      RuntimeCall::Timestamp(timestamp::Call::set { now }) => {
-        Call::Timestamp(serai_abi::timestamp::Call::set { now })
-      }
-      RuntimeCall::Coins(call) => Call::Coins(match call {
-        coins::Call::transfer { to, balance } => {
-          serai_abi::coins::Call::transfer { to: to.into(), balance }
-        }
-        coins::Call::burn { balance } => serai_abi::coins::Call::burn { balance },
-        coins::Call::burn_with_instruction { instruction } => {
-          serai_abi::coins::Call::burn_with_instruction { instruction }
-        }
-        _ => Err(())?,
-      }),
-      RuntimeCall::LiquidityTokens(call) => Call::LiquidityTokens(match call {
-        coins::Call::transfer { to, balance } => {
-          serai_abi::liquidity_tokens::Call::transfer { to: to.into(), balance }
-        }
-        coins::Call::burn { balance } => serai_abi::liquidity_tokens::Call::burn { balance },
-        _ => Err(())?,
-      }),
-      RuntimeCall::Dex(call) => Call::Dex(match call {
-        dex::Call::add_liquidity {
-          coin,
-          coin_desired,
-          sri_desired,
-          coin_min,
-          sri_min,
-          mint_to,
-        } => serai_abi::dex::Call::add_liquidity {
-          coin,
-          coin_desired,
-          sri_desired,
-          coin_min,
-          sri_min,
-          mint_to: mint_to.into(),
-        },
-        dex::Call::remove_liquidity {
-          coin,
-          lp_token_burn,
-          coin_min_receive,
-          sri_min_receive,
-          withdraw_to,
-        } => serai_abi::dex::Call::remove_liquidity {
-          coin,
-          lp_token_burn,
-          coin_min_receive,
-          sri_min_receive,
-          withdraw_to: withdraw_to.into(),
-        },
-        dex::Call::swap_exact_tokens_for_tokens { path, amount_in, amount_out_min, send_to } => {
-          serai_abi::dex::Call::swap_exact_tokens_for_tokens {
-            path,
-            amount_in,
-            amount_out_min,
-            send_to: send_to.into(),
-          }
-        }
-        dex::Call::swap_tokens_for_exact_tokens { path, amount_out, amount_in_max, send_to } => {
-          serai_abi::dex::Call::swap_tokens_for_exact_tokens {
-            path,
-            amount_out,
-            amount_in_max,
-            send_to: send_to.into(),
-          }
-        }
-        _ => Err(())?,
-      }),
-      RuntimeCall::GenesisLiquidity(call) => Call::GenesisLiquidity(match call {
-        genesis_liquidity::Call::remove_coin_liquidity { balance } => {
-          serai_abi::genesis_liquidity::Call::remove_coin_liquidity { balance }
-        }
-        genesis_liquidity::Call::oraclize_values { values, signature } => {
-          serai_abi::genesis_liquidity::Call::oraclize_values { values, signature }
-        }
-        _ => Err(())?,
-      }),
-      RuntimeCall::ValidatorSets(call) => Call::ValidatorSets(match call {
-        validator_sets::Call::set_keys { network, key_pair, signature_participants, signature } => {
-          serai_abi::validator_sets::Call::set_keys {
-            network,
-            key_pair,
-            signature_participants,
-            signature,
-          }
-        }
-        validator_sets::Call::set_embedded_elliptic_curve_key { embedded_elliptic_curve, key } => {
-          serai_abi::validator_sets::Call::set_embedded_elliptic_curve_key {
-            embedded_elliptic_curve,
-            key,
-          }
-        }
-        validator_sets::Call::report_slashes { network, slashes, signature } => {
-          serai_abi::validator_sets::Call::report_slashes { network, slashes, signature }
-        }
-        validator_sets::Call::allocate { network, amount } => {
-          serai_abi::validator_sets::Call::allocate { network, amount }
-        }
-        validator_sets::Call::deallocate { network, amount } => {
-          serai_abi::validator_sets::Call::deallocate { network, amount }
-        }
-        validator_sets::Call::claim_deallocation { network, session } => {
-          serai_abi::validator_sets::Call::claim_deallocation { network, session }
-        }
-        _ => Err(())?,
-      }),
-      RuntimeCall::InInstructions(call) => Call::InInstructions(match call {
-        in_instructions::Call::execute_batch { batch } => {
-          serai_abi::in_instructions::Call::execute_batch { batch }
-        }
-        _ => Err(())?,
-      }),
-      RuntimeCall::Signals(call) => Call::Signals(match call {
-        signals::Call::register_retirement_signal { in_favor_of } => {
-          serai_abi::signals::Call::register_retirement_signal { in_favor_of }
-        }
-        signals::Call::revoke_retirement_signal { retirement_signal_id } => {
-          serai_abi::signals::Call::revoke_retirement_signal { retirement_signal_id }
-        }
-        signals::Call::favor { signal_id, for_network } => {
-          serai_abi::signals::Call::favor { signal_id, for_network }
-        }
-        signals::Call::revoke_favor { signal_id, for_network } => {
-          serai_abi::signals::Call::revoke_favor { signal_id, for_network }
-        }
-        signals::Call::stand_against { signal_id, for_network } => {
-          serai_abi::signals::Call::stand_against { signal_id, for_network }
-        }
-        _ => Err(())?,
-      }),
-      RuntimeCall::Babe(call) => Call::Babe(match call {
-        babe::Call::report_equivocation { equivocation_proof, key_owner_proof } => {
-          serai_abi::babe::Call::report_equivocation(serai_abi::babe::ReportEquivocation {
-            // TODO: Find a better way to go from Proof<H256> to Proof<[u8; 32]>
-            equivocation_proof: <_>::decode(&mut equivocation_proof.encode().as_slice()).unwrap(),
-            key_owner_proof: key_owner_proof.0.into(),
-          })
-        }
-        babe::Call::report_equivocation_unsigned { equivocation_proof, key_owner_proof } => {
-          serai_abi::babe::Call::report_equivocation_unsigned(serai_abi::babe::ReportEquivocation {
-            // TODO: Find a better way to go from Proof<H256> to Proof<[u8; 32]>
-            equivocation_proof: <_>::decode(&mut equivocation_proof.encode().as_slice()).unwrap(),
-            key_owner_proof: key_owner_proof.0.into(),
-          })
-        }
-        _ => Err(())?,
-      }),
-      RuntimeCall::Grandpa(call) => Call::Grandpa(match call {
-        grandpa::Call::report_equivocation { equivocation_proof, key_owner_proof } => {
-          serai_abi::grandpa::Call::report_equivocation(serai_abi::grandpa::ReportEquivocation {
-            // TODO: Find a better way to go from Proof<H256> to Proof<[u8; 32]>
-            equivocation_proof: <_>::decode(&mut equivocation_proof.encode().as_slice()).unwrap(),
-            key_owner_proof: key_owner_proof.0.into(),
-          })
-        }
-        grandpa::Call::report_equivocation_unsigned { equivocation_proof, key_owner_proof } => {
-          serai_abi::grandpa::Call::report_equivocation_unsigned(
-            serai_abi::grandpa::ReportEquivocation {
-              // TODO: Find a better way to go from Proof<H256> to Proof<[u8; 32]>
-              equivocation_proof: <_>::decode(&mut equivocation_proof.encode().as_slice()).unwrap(),
-              key_owner_proof: key_owner_proof.0.into(),
-            },
-          )
-        }
-        _ => Err(())?,
-      }),
-      _ => Err(())?,
-    })
-  }
-}

substrate/runtime/src/core_pallet.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+use alloc::{vec, vec::Vec};
+
+use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
+
+use frame_support::pallet_prelude::*;
+
+use serai_abi::{
+  primitives::merkle::{UnbalancedMerkleTree, IncrementalUnbalancedMerkleTree as Iumt},
+  *,
+};
+
+struct IncrementalUnbalancedMerkleTree<
+  T: frame_support::StorageValue<Vec<u8>, Query = Option<Vec<u8>>>,
+  const BRANCH_TAG: u8 = 1,
+  const LEAF_TAG: u8 = 0,
+>(PhantomData<T>);
+impl<
+    T: frame_support::StorageValue<Vec<u8>, Query = Option<Vec<u8>>>,
+    const BRANCH_TAG: u8,
+    const LEAF_TAG: u8,
+  > IncrementalUnbalancedMerkleTree<T, BRANCH_TAG, LEAF_TAG>
+{
+  /// Create a new Merkle tree, expecting there to be none already present.
+  ///
+  /// Panics if a Merkle tree was already present.
+  fn new_expecting_none() {
+    T::mutate(|value| {
+      assert!(value.is_none());
+      *value = Some(borsh::to_vec(&Iumt::new()).unwrap());
+    });
+  }
+  /// Append a leaf to the Merkle tree.
+  ///
+  /// Panics if no Merkle tree was present.
+  fn append<L: BorshSerialize>(leaf: &L) {
+    let leaf = sp_core::blake2_256(&borsh::to_vec(&(LEAF_TAG, leaf)).unwrap());
+
+    T::mutate(|value| {
+      let mut tree = Iumt::deserialize_reader(&mut value.as_ref().unwrap().as_slice()).unwrap();
+      tree.append(BRANCH_TAG, leaf);
+      *value = Some(borsh::to_vec(&tree).unwrap());
+    })
+  }
+  /// Get the unbalanced merkle tree.
+  ///
+  /// Panics if no Merkle tree was present.
+  fn get() -> UnbalancedMerkleTree {
+    Iumt::deserialize_reader(&mut T::get().unwrap().as_slice()).unwrap().calculate(BRANCH_TAG)
+  }
+  /// Take the Merkle tree.
+  ///
+  /// Panics if no Merkle tree was present.
+  fn take() -> UnbalancedMerkleTree {
+    T::mutate(|value| {
+      let tree = Iumt::deserialize_reader(&mut value.as_ref().unwrap().as_slice()).unwrap();
+      *value = None;
+      tree.calculate(BRANCH_TAG)
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+#[frame_support::pallet]
+mod pallet {
+  use super::*;
+
+  /// The set of all blocks prior added to the blockchain.
+  #[pallet::storage]
+  pub type Blocks<T: Config> = StorageMap<_, Identity, T::Hash, (), OptionQuery>;
+  /// The Merkle tree of all blocks added to the blockchain.
+  #[pallet::storage]
+  #[pallet::unbounded]
+  pub(super) type BlocksCommitment<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, Vec<u8>, OptionQuery>;
+  pub(super) type BlocksCommitmentMerkle<T> = IncrementalUnbalancedMerkleTree<BlocksCommitment<T>>;
+
+  /// The Merkle tree of all transactions within the current block.
+  #[pallet::storage]
+  #[pallet::unbounded]
+  pub(super) type BlockTransactionsCommitment<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, Vec<u8>, OptionQuery>;
+  pub(super) type BlockTransactionsCommitmentMerkle<T> =
+    IncrementalUnbalancedMerkleTree<BlockTransactionsCommitment<T>>;
+
+  /// The hashes of events caused by the current transaction.
+  #[pallet::storage]
+  #[pallet::unbounded]
+  pub(super) type TransactionEvents<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, Vec<u8>, OptionQuery>;
+  pub(super) type TransactionEventsMerkle<T> = IncrementalUnbalancedMerkleTree<
+    TransactionEvents<T>,
+    TRANSACTION_EVENTS_COMMITMENT_BRANCH_TAG,
+    TRANSACTION_EVENTS_COMMITMENT_LEAF_TAG,
+  >;
+  /// The roots of the Merkle trees of each transaction's events.
+  #[pallet::storage]
+  #[pallet::unbounded]
+  pub(super) type BlockEventsCommitment<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, Vec<u8>, OptionQuery>;
+  pub(super) type BlockEventsCommitmentMerkle<T> = IncrementalUnbalancedMerkleTree<
+    BlockEventsCommitment<T>,
+    EVENTS_COMMITMENT_BRANCH_TAG,
+    EVENTS_COMMITMENT_LEAF_TAG,
+  >;
+
+  /// A mapping from an account to its next nonce.
+  #[pallet::storage]
+  pub type NextNonce<T: Config> =
+    StorageMap<_, Blake2_128Concat, T::AccountId, T::Nonce, ValueQuery>;
+
+  #[pallet::config]
+  pub trait Config:
+    frame_system::Config<
+    Block: sp_runtime::traits::Block<Header: sp_runtime::traits::Header<Hash: Into<[u8; 32]>>>,
+  >
+  {
+  }
+
+  #[pallet::pallet]
+  pub struct Pallet<T>(_);
+
+  impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
+    pub fn start_transaction() {
+      TransactionEventsMerkle::<T>::new_expecting_none();
+    }
+    // TODO: Have this called
+    pub fn on_event(event: impl TryInto<serai_abi::Event>) {
+      if let Ok(event) = event.try_into() {
+        TransactionEventsMerkle::<T>::append(&event);
+      }
+    }
+    pub fn end_transaction(transaction_hash: [u8; 32]) {
+      BlockTransactionsCommitmentMerkle::<T>::append(&transaction_hash);
+
+      let transaction_events_root = TransactionEventsMerkle::<T>::take().root;
+
+      // Append the leaf (the transaction's hash and its events' root) to the block's events'
+      // commitment
+      BlockEventsCommitmentMerkle::<T>::append(&(&transaction_hash, &transaction_events_root));
+    }
+  }
+}
+pub(super) use pallet::*;
+
+pub struct StartOfBlock<T: Config>(PhantomData<T>);
+impl<T: Config> frame_support::traits::PreInherents for StartOfBlock<T> {
+  fn pre_inherents() {
+    let parent_hash = frame_system::Pallet::<T>::parent_hash();
+    Blocks::<T>::set(parent_hash, Some(()));
+    // TODO: Better detection of genesis
+    if parent_hash == Default::default() {
+      BlocksCommitmentMerkle::<T>::new_expecting_none();
+    } else {
+      let parent_hash: [u8; 32] = parent_hash.into();
+      BlocksCommitmentMerkle::<T>::append(&parent_hash);
+    }
+
+    BlockTransactionsCommitmentMerkle::<T>::new_expecting_none();
+    BlockEventsCommitmentMerkle::<T>::new_expecting_none();
+  }
+}
+
+pub struct EndOfBlock<T: Config>(PhantomData<T>);
+impl<T: Config> frame_support::traits::PostTransactions for EndOfBlock<T> {
+  fn post_transactions() {
+    frame_system::Pallet::<T>::deposit_log(sp_runtime::generic::DigestItem::Consensus(
+      SeraiExecutionDigest::CONSENSUS_ID,
+      borsh::to_vec(&SeraiExecutionDigest {
+        builds_upon: BlocksCommitmentMerkle::<T>::get(),
+        transactions_commitment: BlockTransactionsCommitmentMerkle::<T>::take(),
+        events_commitment: BlockEventsCommitmentMerkle::<T>::take(),
+      })
+      .unwrap(),
+    ));
+  }
+}

substrate/runtime/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,265 @@
-#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg))]
 #![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
 #![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
-#![recursion_limit = "256"]
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/wasm_binary.rs"));
 
+extern crate alloc;
+
+use alloc::borrow::Cow;
+
+use sp_core::sr25519::Public;
+use sp_runtime::{Perbill, Weight, traits::Header as _};
+use sp_version::RuntimeVersion;
+
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+use serai_abi::{
+  primitives::address::SeraiAddress, SubstrateHeader as Header, SubstrateBlock,
+};
+
+mod core_pallet;
+
+type Block = SubstrateBlock;
+
+/// The lookup for a SeraiAddress -> Public.
+pub struct Lookup;
+impl sp_runtime::traits::StaticLookup for Lookup {
+  type Source = SeraiAddress;
+  type Target = Public;
+  fn lookup(source: SeraiAddress) -> Result<Public, sp_runtime::traits::LookupError> {
+    Ok(source.into())
+  }
+  fn unlookup(source: Public) -> SeraiAddress {
+    source.into()
+  }
+}
+
+// TODO: Remove
+#[sp_version::runtime_version]
+pub const VERSION: RuntimeVersion = RuntimeVersion {
+  spec_name: Cow::Borrowed("serai"),
+  impl_name: Cow::Borrowed("core"),
+  authoring_version: 0,
+  spec_version: 0,
+  impl_version: 0,
+  apis: RUNTIME_API_VERSIONS,
+  transaction_version: 0,
+  system_version: 0,
+};
+
+frame_support::parameter_types! {
+  pub const Version: RuntimeVersion = VERSION;
+
+  // TODO
+  pub BlockLength: frame_system::limits::BlockLength =
+    frame_system::limits::BlockLength::max_with_normal_ratio(0, Perbill::from_percent(0));
+  // TODO
+  pub BlockWeights: frame_system::limits::BlockWeights =
+    frame_system::limits::BlockWeights::with_sensible_defaults(
+      Weight::from_parts(0, 0),
+      Perbill::from_percent(0),
+    );
+}
+
+#[frame_support::runtime]
+mod runtime {
+  use super::*;
+
+  #[runtime::runtime]
+  #[runtime::derive(RuntimeCall, RuntimeEvent, RuntimeError, RuntimeOrigin)]
+  pub struct Runtime;
+
+  #[runtime::pallet_index(0)]
+  pub type System = frame_system::Pallet<Runtime>;
+
+  #[runtime::pallet_index(1)]
+  pub type Core = core_pallet::Pallet<Runtime>;
+}
+
+impl frame_system::Config for Runtime {
+  type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+  type BaseCallFilter = frame_support::traits::Everything;
+  type BlockWeights = BlockWeights;
+  type BlockLength = BlockLength;
+  type RuntimeOrigin = RuntimeOrigin;
+  type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
+  type RuntimeTask = ();
+  type Nonce = u32;
+  type Hash = <Self::Block as sp_runtime::traits::Block>::Hash;
+  type Hashing = sp_runtime::traits::BlakeTwo256;
+  type AccountId = sp_core::sr25519::Public;
+  type Lookup = Lookup;
+  type Block = Block;
+  // Don't track old block hashes within the System pallet
+  // We use not a number -> hash index, but a hash -> () index, in our own pallet
+  type BlockHashCount = sp_core::ConstU64<1>;
+  type DbWeight = frame_support::weights::constants::RocksDbWeight;
+  type Version = Version;
+  type PalletInfo = PalletInfo;
+  type AccountData = ();
+  type OnNewAccount = ();
+  type OnKilledAccount = ();
+  // We use the default weights as we never expose/call any of these methods
+  type SystemWeightInfo = ();
+  // We also don't use the provided extensions framework
+  type ExtensionsWeightInfo = ();
+  // We don't invoke any hooks on-set-code as we don't perform upgrades via the blockchain yet via
+  // nodes, ensuring everyone who upgrades consents to the rules they upgrade to
+  type OnSetCode = ();
+  type MaxConsumers = sp_core::ConstU32<{ u32::MAX }>;
+  // No migrations set
+  type SingleBlockMigrations = ();
+  type MultiBlockMigrator = ();
+
+  type PreInherents = core_pallet::StartOfBlock<Runtime>;
+  type PostInherents = ();
+  type PostTransactions = core_pallet::EndOfBlock<Runtime>;
+}
+
+impl core_pallet::Config for Runtime {}
+
+impl From<Option<SeraiAddress>> for RuntimeOrigin {
+  fn from(signer: Option<SeraiAddress>) -> Self {
+    match signer {
+      None => RuntimeOrigin::none(),
+      Some(signer) => RuntimeOrigin::signed(signer.into()),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+impl From<serai_abi::Call> for RuntimeCall {
+  fn from(call: serai_abi::Call) -> Self {
+    match call {
+      serai_abi::Call::Coins(call) => {
+        use serai_abi::coins::Call;
+        match call {
+          Call::transfer { .. } | Call::burn { .. } | Call::burn_with_instruction { .. } => {
+            todo!("TODO")
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      serai_abi::Call::ValidatorSets(call) => {
+        use serai_abi::validator_sets::Call;
+        match call {
+          Call::set_keys { .. } |
+          Call::report_slashes { .. } |
+          Call::set_embedded_elliptic_curve_keys { .. } |
+          Call::allocate { .. } |
+          Call::deallocate { .. } |
+          Call::claim_deallocation { .. } => todo!("TODO"),
+        }
+      }
+      serai_abi::Call::Signals(call) => {
+        use serai_abi::signals::Call;
+        match call {
+          Call::register_retirement_signal { .. } |
+          Call::revoke_retirement_signal { .. } |
+          Call::favor { .. } |
+          Call::revoke_favor { .. } |
+          Call::stand_against { .. } => todo!("TODO"),
+        }
+      }
+      serai_abi::Call::Dex(call) => {
+        use serai_abi::dex::Call;
+        match call {
+          Call::add_liquidity { .. } |
+          Call::transfer_liquidity { .. } |
+          Call::remove_liquidity { .. } |
+          Call::swap_exact { .. } |
+          Call::swap_for_exact { .. } => todo!("TODO"),
+        }
+      }
+      serai_abi::Call::GenesisLiquidity(call) => {
+        use serai_abi::genesis_liquidity::Call;
+        match call {
+          Call::oraclize_values { .. } | Call::remove_liquidity { .. } => todo!("TODO"),
+        }
+      }
+      serai_abi::Call::InInstructions(call) => {
+        use serai_abi::in_instructions::Call;
+        match call {
+          Call::execute_batch { .. } => todo!("TODO"),
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+type Executive = frame_executive::Executive<Runtime, Block, Context, Runtime, AllPalletsWithSystem>;
+
+sp_api::impl_runtime_apis! {
+  impl sp_api::Core<Block> for Runtime {
+    fn version() -> RuntimeVersion {
+      VERSION
+    }
+    fn initialize_block(header: &Header) -> sp_runtime::ExtrinsicInclusionMode {
+      core_pallet::Blocks::<Runtime>::set(header.parent_hash(), Some(()));
+      Executive::initialize_block(header)
+    }
+    fn execute_block(block: Block) {
+      Executive::execute_block(block);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+struct Context;
+impl serai_abi::TransactionContext for Context {
+  // TODO
+  const SIGNED_WEIGHT: Weight = Weight::zero();
+
+  type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
+
+  /// The implicit context to verify transactions with.
+  fn implicit_context() -> serai_abi::ImplicitContext {
+    serai_abi::ImplicitContext {
+      genesis: System::block_hash(0).into(),
+      protocol_id: [0; 32], // TODO via build script
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// If a block is present in the blockchain.
+  fn block_is_present_in_blockchain(&self, hash: &serai_abi::primitives::BlockHash) -> bool {
+    core_pallet::Blocks::<Runtime>::get(hash).is_some()
+  }
+  /// The time embedded into the current block.
+  fn current_time(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+    todo!("TODO")
+  }
+  /// Get the next nonce for an account.
+  fn next_nonce(&self, signer: &SeraiAddress) -> u32 {
+    core_pallet::NextNonce::<Runtime>::get(signer)
+  }
+  /// If the signer can pay the SRI fee.
+  fn can_pay_fee(
+    &self,
+    signer: &SeraiAddress,
+    fee: serai_abi::primitives::balance::Amount,
+  ) -> Result<(), sp_runtime::transaction_validity::TransactionValidityError> {
+    todo!("TODO")
+  }
+
+  fn start_transaction(&self) {
+    Core::start_transaction();
+  }
+  /// Consume the next nonce for an account.
+  fn consume_next_nonce(&self, signer: &SeraiAddress) {
+    core_pallet::NextNonce::<Runtime>::mutate(signer, |value| *value += 1);
+  }
+  /// Have the transaction pay its SRI fee.
+  fn pay_fee(
+    &self,
+    signer: &SeraiAddress,
+    fee: serai_abi::primitives::balance::Amount,
+  ) -> Result<(), sp_runtime::transaction_validity::TransactionValidityError> {
+    todo!("TODO")
+  }
+  fn end_transaction(&self, transaction_hash: [u8; 32]) {
+    Core::end_transaction(transaction_hash);
+  }
+}
+
+/* TODO
 use core::marker::PhantomData;
 
 // Re-export all components
@@ -73,29 +327,14 @@ use sp_authority_discovery::AuthorityId as AuthorityDiscoveryId;
 use babe::AuthorityId as BabeId;
 use grandpa::AuthorityId as GrandpaId;
 
-mod abi;
-
-/// Nonce of a transaction in the chain, for a given account.
-pub type Nonce = u32;
-
 /// A hash of some data used by the chain.
 pub type Hash = sp_core::H256;
 
 pub type SignedExtra = (
   system::CheckNonZeroSender<Runtime>,
-  system::CheckSpecVersion<Runtime>,
-  system::CheckTxVersion<Runtime>,
-  system::CheckGenesis<Runtime>,
-  system::CheckEra<Runtime>,
-  system::CheckNonce<Runtime>,
-  system::CheckWeight<Runtime>,
-  transaction_payment::ChargeTransactionPayment<Runtime>,
+  system::CheckWeight<Runtime>, TODO
 );
 
-pub type Transaction = serai_abi::tx::Transaction<RuntimeCall, SignedExtra>;
-pub type Block = generic::Block<Header, Transaction>;
-pub type BlockId = generic::BlockId<Block>;
-
 pub mod opaque {
   use super::*;
 
@@ -107,22 +346,6 @@ pub mod opaque {
   }
 }
 
-#[sp_version::runtime_version]
-pub const VERSION: RuntimeVersion = RuntimeVersion {
-  spec_name: create_runtime_str!("serai"),
-  impl_name: create_runtime_str!("core"),
-  spec_version: 1,
-  impl_version: 1,
-  apis: RUNTIME_API_VERSIONS,
-  transaction_version: 1,
-  state_version: 1,
-};
-
-#[cfg(feature = "std")]
-pub fn native_version() -> NativeVersion {
-  NativeVersion { runtime_version: VERSION, can_author_with: Default::default() }
-}
-
 pub const PRIMARY_PROBABILITY: (u64, u64) = (1, 4);
 pub const BABE_GENESIS_EPOCH_CONFIG: sp_consensus_babe::BabeEpochConfiguration =
   sp_consensus_babe::BabeEpochConfiguration {
@@ -133,7 +356,6 @@ pub const BABE_GENESIS_EPOCH_CONFIG: sp_consensus_babe::BabeEpochConfiguration =
 const NORMAL_DISPATCH_RATIO: Perbill = Perbill::from_percent(75);
 
 parameter_types! {
-  pub const BlockHashCount: BlockNumber = 2400;
   pub const Version: RuntimeVersion = VERSION;
 
   pub const SS58Prefix: u8 = 42; // TODO: Remove for Bech32m
@@ -148,44 +370,6 @@ parameter_types! {
     );
 }
 
-pub struct CallFilter;
-impl Contains<RuntimeCall> for CallFilter {
-  fn contains(call: &RuntimeCall) -> bool {
-    // If the call is defined in our ABI, it's allowed
-    let call: Result<serai_abi::Call, ()> = call.clone().try_into();
-    call.is_ok()
-  }
-}
-
-impl system::Config for Runtime {
-  type BaseCallFilter = CallFilter;
-  type BlockWeights = BlockWeights;
-  type BlockLength = BlockLength;
-  type AccountId = PublicKey;
-  type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
-  type Lookup = AccountLookup;
-  type Hash = Hash;
-  type Hashing = BlakeTwo256;
-  type Nonce = Nonce;
-  type Block = Block;
-  type RuntimeOrigin = RuntimeOrigin;
-  type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
-  type BlockHashCount = BlockHashCount;
-  type DbWeight = RocksDbWeight;
-  type Version = Version;
-  type PalletInfo = PalletInfo;
-
-  type OnNewAccount = ();
-  type OnKilledAccount = ();
-  type OnSetCode = ();
-
-  type AccountData = ();
-  type SystemWeightInfo = ();
-  type SS58Prefix = SS58Prefix; // TODO: Remove for Bech32m
-
-  type MaxConsumers = support::traits::ConstU32<16>;
-}
-
 impl timestamp::Config for Runtime {
   type Moment = u64;
   type OnTimestampSet = Babe;
@@ -319,14 +503,6 @@ impl grandpa::Config for Runtime {
     grandpa::EquivocationReportSystem<Self, ValidatorSets, ValidatorSets, ReportLongevity>;
 }
 
-pub type Executive = frame_executive::Executive<
-  Runtime,
-  Block,
-  system::ChainContext<Runtime>,
-  Runtime,
-  AllPalletsWithSystem,
->;
-
 construct_runtime!(
   pub enum Runtime {
     System: system exclude_parts { Call },
@@ -627,3 +803,4 @@ sp_api::impl_runtime_apis! {
     }
   }
 }
+*/

substrate/signals/Cargo.toml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name = "serai-signals-pallet"
 version = "0.1.0"
 description = "Signals pallet"
 license = "AGPL-3.0-only"
-repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/signals/pallet"
+repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/signals"
 authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.80"
@@ -28,11 +28,10 @@ sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-nex
 frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 
-serai-primitives = { path = "../../primitives", default-features = false }
-serai-signals-primitives = { path = "../primitives", default-features = false }
+serai-primitives = { path = "../primitives", default-features = false }
 
-validator-sets-pallet = { package = "serai-validator-sets-pallet", path = "../../validator-sets/pallet", default-features = false }
-in-instructions-pallet = { package = "serai-in-instructions-pallet", path = "../../in-instructions/pallet", default-features = false }
+validator-sets-pallet = { package = "serai-validator-sets-pallet", path = "../validator-sets", default-features = false }
+in-instructions-pallet = { package = "serai-in-instructions-pallet", path = "../in-instructions", default-features = false }
 
 [features]
 std = [
@@ -46,7 +45,6 @@ std = [
   "frame-support/std",
 
   "serai-primitives/std",
-  "serai-signals-primitives/std",
 
   "validator-sets-pallet/std",
   "in-instructions-pallet/std",

substrate/signals/primitives/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "serai-signals-primitives"
-version = "0.1.0"
-description = "Signals primitives"
-license = "MIT"
-repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/signals/primitives"
-authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>"]
-edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.80"
-
-[package.metadata.docs.rs]
-all-features = true
-rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-zeroize = { version = "^1.5", features = ["derive"], optional = true }
-
-scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
-scale-info = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
-
-borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "de_strict_order"], optional = true }
-serde = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "alloc"], optional = true }
-
-serai-primitives = { path = "../../primitives", version = "0.1", default-features = false }
-
-[features]
-std = [
-  "zeroize",
-
-  "scale/std",
-  "scale-info/std",
-
-  "borsh?/std",
-  "serde?/std",
-
-  "serai-primitives/std",
-]
-
-borsh = ["dep:borsh"]
-serde = ["dep:serde"]
-
-default = ["std"]

substrate/signals/primitives/LICENSE

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2023 Luke Parker
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.

substrate/signals/primitives/src/lib.rs

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-

substrate/validator-sets/Cargo.toml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name = "serai-validator-sets-pallet"
 version = "0.1.0"
 description = "Validator sets pallet"
 license = "AGPL-3.0-only"
-repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/validator-sets/pallet"
+repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/validator-sets"
 authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.80"
@@ -38,20 +38,19 @@ frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "s
 pallet-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 pallet-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 
-serai-primitives = { path = "../../primitives", default-features = false }
-validator-sets-primitives = { package = "serai-validator-sets-primitives", path = "../primitives", default-features = false }
+serai-primitives = { path = "../primitives", default-features = false }
 
-coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../../coins/pallet", default-features = false }
-dex-pallet = { package = "serai-dex-pallet", path = "../../dex/pallet", default-features = false }
+coins-pallet = { package = "serai-coins-pallet", path = "../coins", default-features = false }
+dex-pallet = { package = "serai-dex-pallet", path = "../dex", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 pallet-timestamp = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 
 sp-consensus-babe = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
 
-ciphersuite = { path = "../../../crypto/ciphersuite", features = ["ristretto"] }
-frost = { package = "modular-frost", path = "../../../crypto/frost", features = ["tests"] }
-schnorrkel = { path = "../../../crypto/schnorrkel", package = "frost-schnorrkel" }
+ciphersuite = { path = "../../crypto/ciphersuite", features = ["ristretto"] }
+frost = { package = "modular-frost", path = "../../crypto/frost", features = ["tests"] }
+schnorrkel = { path = "../../crypto/schnorrkel", package = "frost-schnorrkel" }
 
 zeroize = "^1.5"
 rand_core = "0.6"
@@ -82,7 +81,6 @@ std = [
   "pallet-timestamp/std",
 
   "serai-primitives/std",
-  "validator-sets-primitives/std",
 
   "coins-pallet/std",
   "dex-pallet/std",

substrate/validator-sets/primitives/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "serai-validator-sets-primitives"
-version = "0.1.0"
-description = "Primitives for validator sets"
-license = "MIT"
-repository = "https://github.com/serai-dex/serai/tree/develop/substrate/validator-sets/primitives"
-authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>"]
-edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.80"
-
-[package.metadata.docs.rs]
-all-features = true
-rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-zeroize = { version = "^1.5", features = ["derive"], optional = true }
-
-ciphersuite = { path = "../../../crypto/ciphersuite", version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["alloc", "ristretto"] }
-dkg = { path = "../../../crypto/dkg", version = "0.5", default-features = false }
-
-borsh = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "de_strict_order"], optional = true }
-serde = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "alloc"], optional = true }
-
-scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "max-encoded-len"] }
-scale-info = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
-
-sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-sp-std = { git = "https://github.com/serai-dex/polkadot-sdk", branch = "serai-next", default-features = false }
-
-serai-primitives = { path = "../../primitives", default-features = false }
-
-[features]
-std = ["zeroize", "ciphersuite/std", "dkg/std", "borsh?/std", "serde?/std", "scale/std", "scale-info/std", "sp-core/std", "sp-std/std", "serai-primitives/std"]
-borsh = ["dep:borsh", "serai-primitives/borsh"]
-serde = ["dep:serde", "serai-primitives/serde"]
-default = ["std"]

substrate/validator-sets/primitives/LICENSE

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Luke Parker
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.

substrate/validator-sets/primitives/src/lib.rs

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-