Use a global transcript

crypto/frost/src/algorithm.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use rand_core::{RngCore, CryptoRng};
 
 use group::Group;
 
-use transcript::{Transcript, DigestTranscript};
+use transcript::Transcript;
 
 use crate::{Curve, FrostError, MultisigView};
 
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ pub trait Algorithm<C: Curve>: Clone {
   /// The resulting type of the signatures this algorithm will produce
   type Signature: Clone + Debug;
 
+  fn transcript(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Transcript;
+
   /// Generate an addendum to FROST"s preprocessing stage
   fn preprocess_addendum<R: RngCore + CryptoRng>(
     rng: &mut R,
@@ -30,9 +32,6 @@ pub trait Algorithm<C: Curve>: Clone {
     serialized: &[u8],
   ) -> Result<(), FrostError>;
 
-  /// Transcript for this algorithm to be used to create the binding factor
-  fn transcript(&self) -> Option<Self::Transcript>;
-
   /// Sign a share with the given secret/nonce
   /// The secret will already have been its lagrange coefficient applied so it is the necessary
   /// key share
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ pub trait Algorithm<C: Curve>: Clone {
     &mut self,
     params: &MultisigView<C>,
     nonce_sum: C::G,
-    b: C::F,
+    binding: C::F,
     nonce: C::F,
     msg: &[u8],
   ) -> C::F;
@@ -59,6 +58,26 @@ pub trait Algorithm<C: Curve>: Clone {
   ) -> bool;
 }
 
+// Transcript which will create an IETF compliant serialization for the binding factor
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct IetfTranscript(Vec<u8>);
+impl Transcript for IetfTranscript {
+  fn domain_separate(&mut self, _: &[u8]) {}
+
+  fn append_message(&mut self, _: &'static [u8], message: &[u8]) {
+    self.0.extend(message);
+  }
+
+  fn challenge(&mut self, _: &'static [u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    self.0.clone()
+  }
+
+  fn rng_seed(&mut self, _: &'static [u8], _: Option<[u8; 32]>) -> [u8; 32] {
+    unimplemented!()
+  }
+}
+
+
 pub trait Hram<C: Curve>: Clone {
   /// HRAM function to generate a challenge
   /// H2 from the IETF draft despite having a different argument set (not pre-formatted)
@@ -68,6 +87,7 @@ pub trait Hram<C: Curve>: Clone {
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Schnorr<C: Curve, H: Hram<C>> {
+  transcript: IetfTranscript,
   c: Option<C::F>,
   _hram: PhantomData<H>,
 }
@@ -75,6 +95,7 @@ pub struct Schnorr<C: Curve, H: Hram<C>> {
 impl<C: Curve, H: Hram<C>> Schnorr<C, H> {
   pub fn new() -> Schnorr<C, H> {
     Schnorr {
+      transcript: IetfTranscript(vec![]),
       c: None,
       _hram: PhantomData
     }
@@ -90,11 +111,13 @@ pub struct SchnorrSignature<C: Curve> {
 
 /// Implementation of Schnorr signatures for use with FROST
 impl<C: Curve, H: Hram<C>> Algorithm<C> for Schnorr<C, H> {
-  // Specify a firm type which either won't matter as it won't be used or will be used (offset) and
-  // is accordingly solid
-  type Transcript = DigestTranscript::<blake2::Blake2b512>;
+  type Transcript = IetfTranscript;
   type Signature = SchnorrSignature<C>;
 
+  fn transcript(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Transcript {
+    &mut self.transcript
+  }
+
   fn preprocess_addendum<R: RngCore + CryptoRng>(
     _: &mut R,
     _: &MultisigView<C>,
@@ -113,10 +136,6 @@ impl<C: Curve, H: Hram<C>> Algorithm<C> for Schnorr<C, H> {
     Ok(())
   }
 
-  fn transcript(&self) -> Option<DigestTranscript::<blake2::Blake2b512>> {
-    None
-  }
-
   fn sign_share(
     &mut self,
     params: &MultisigView<C>,

crypto/frost/src/lib.rs

@@ -93,14 +93,14 @@ pub trait Curve: Clone + Copy + PartialEq + Eq + Debug {
   #[allow(non_snake_case)]
   fn G_len() -> usize;
 
-  /// Field element from slice. Should be canonical
+  /// Field element from slice. Preferred to be canonical yet does not have to be
   // Required due to the lack of standardized encoding functions provided by ff/group
   // While they do technically exist, their usage of Self::Repr breaks all potential library usage
   // without helper functions like this
   #[allow(non_snake_case)]
   fn F_from_le_slice(slice: &[u8]) -> Result<Self::F, CurveError>;
 
-  /// Group element from slice. Should be canonical
+  /// Group element from slice. Must require canonicity or risks differing binding factors
   #[allow(non_snake_case)]
   fn G_from_slice(slice: &[u8]) -> Result<Self::G, CurveError>;
 

crypto/frost/src/sign.rs

@@ -144,13 +144,21 @@ fn sign_with_share<C: Curve, A: Algorithm<C>>(
    Err(FrostError::NonEmptyParticipantZero)?;
   }
 
+  // Domain separate FROST
+  {
+    let transcript = params.algorithm.transcript();
+    transcript.domain_separate(b"FROST");
+    if params.keys.offset.is_some() {
+      transcript.append_message(b"offset", &C::F_to_le_bytes(&params.keys.offset.unwrap()));
+    }
+  }
+
   #[allow(non_snake_case)]
   let mut B = Vec::with_capacity(multisig_params.n + 1);
   B.push(None);
 
   // Commitments + a presumed 32-byte hash of the message
   let commitments_len = 2 * C::G_len();
-  let mut b: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity((multisig_params.t * commitments_len) + 32);
 
   // Parse the commitments and prepare the binding factor
   for l in 1 ..= multisig_params.n {
@@ -160,8 +168,14 @@ fn sign_with_share<C: Curve, A: Algorithm<C>>(
       }
 
       B.push(Some(our_preprocess.commitments));
-      b.extend(&u16::try_from(l).unwrap().to_le_bytes());
-      b.extend(&our_preprocess.serialized[0 .. (C::G_len() * 2)]);
+      {
+        let transcript = params.algorithm.transcript();
+        transcript.append_message(b"participant", &u16::try_from(l).unwrap().to_le_bytes());
+        transcript.append_message(
+          b"commitments",
+          &our_preprocess.serialized[0 .. (C::G_len() * 2)]
+        );
+      }
       continue;
     }
 
@@ -190,10 +204,20 @@ fn sign_with_share<C: Curve, A: Algorithm<C>>(
     let E = C::G_from_slice(&commitments[C::G_len() .. commitments_len])
       .map_err(|_| FrostError::InvalidCommitment(l))?;
     B.push(Some([D, E]));
-    b.extend(&u16::try_from(l).unwrap().to_le_bytes());
-    b.extend(&commitments[0 .. commitments_len]);
+    {
+      let transcript = params.algorithm.transcript();
+      transcript.append_message(b"participant", &u16::try_from(l).unwrap().to_le_bytes());
+      transcript.append_message(b"commitments", &commitments[0 .. commitments_len]);
+    }
   }
 
+  // Add the message to the binding factor
+  let binding = {
+    let transcript = params.algorithm.transcript();
+    transcript.append_message(b"message", &C::hash_msg(&msg));
+    C::hash_to_F(&transcript.challenge(b"binding"))
+  };
+
   // Process the commitments and addendums
   let view = &params.view;
   for l in &params.view.included {
@@ -211,45 +235,6 @@ fn sign_with_share<C: Curve, A: Algorithm<C>>(
     )?;
   }
 
-  // Finish the binding factor
-  b.extend(&C::hash_msg(&msg));
-
-  // Let the algorithm provide a transcript of its variables
-  // While Merlin, which may or may not be the transcript used here, wants application level
-  // transcripts passed around to proof systems, this maintains a desired level of abstraction and
-  // works without issue
-  // Not to mention, mandating a global transcript would conflict with the IETF draft UNLESS an
-  // IetfTranscript was declared which ignores field names and solely does their values, with a
-  // fresh instantiation per sign round. That could likely be made to align without issue
-  // TODO: Consider Option<Transcript>?
-  let mut transcript = params.algorithm.transcript();
-  if params.keys.offset.is_some() && transcript.is_none() {
-    transcript = Some(A::Transcript::new(b"FROST Offset"));
-  }
-  if transcript.is_some() {
-    // https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/91345
-    transcript = transcript.map(|mut t| { t.append_message(b"dom-sep", b"FROST"); t });
-  }
-
-  // If the offset functionality provided by this library is in use, include it in the transcript.
-  // Not compliant with the IETF spec which doesn't have a concept of offsets, nor does it use
-  // transcripts
-  if params.keys.offset.is_some() {
-    transcript = transcript.map(
-      |mut t| { t.append_message(b"offset", &C::F_to_le_bytes(&params.keys.offset.unwrap())); t }
-    );
-  }
-
-  // If a transcript was defined, move the commitments used for the binding factor into it
-  // Then, obtain its sum and use that as the binding factor
-  if transcript.is_some() {
-    let mut transcript = transcript.unwrap();
-    transcript.append_message(b"commitments", &b);
-    b = transcript.challenge(b"binding", 64);
-  }
-
-  let b = C::hash_to_F(&b);
-
   #[allow(non_snake_case)]
   let mut Ris = vec![];
   #[allow(non_snake_case)]
@@ -257,7 +242,7 @@ fn sign_with_share<C: Curve, A: Algorithm<C>>(
   for i in 0 .. params.view.included.len() {
     let commitments = B[params.view.included[i]].unwrap();
     #[allow(non_snake_case)]
-    let this_R = commitments[0] + (commitments[1] * b);
+    let this_R = commitments[0] + (commitments[1] * binding);
     Ris.push(this_R);
     R += this_R;
   }
@@ -266,8 +251,8 @@ fn sign_with_share<C: Curve, A: Algorithm<C>>(
   let share = params.algorithm.sign_share(
     view,
     R,
-    b,
-    our_preprocess.nonces[0] + (our_preprocess.nonces[1] * b),
+    binding,
+    our_preprocess.nonces[0] + (our_preprocess.nonces[1] * binding),
     msg
   );
   Ok((Package { Ris, R, share }, C::F_to_le_bytes(&share)))

crypto/transcript/Cargo.toml

@@ -7,9 +7,6 @@ authors = ["Luke Parker <lukeparker5132@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
-rand_core = "0.6"
-rand_chacha = "0.3"
-
 digest = "0.10"
 
 merlin = { version = "3", optional = true }

crypto/transcript/src/lib.rs

@@ -5,34 +5,30 @@ mod merlin;
 #[cfg(features = "merlin")]
 pub use merlin::MerlinTranscript;
 
-use rand_core::{RngCore, CryptoRng, SeedableRng};
-use rand_chacha::ChaCha12Rng;
-
 use digest::Digest;
 
 pub trait Transcript {
-  type SeededRng: RngCore + CryptoRng;
-
-  fn new(label: &'static [u8]) -> Self;
+  fn domain_separate(&mut self, label: &[u8]);
   fn append_message(&mut self, label: &'static [u8], message: &[u8]);
-  fn challenge(&mut self, label: &'static [u8], len: usize) -> Vec<u8>;
-  fn seeded_rng(
-    &self,
-    label: &'static [u8],
-    additional_entropy: Option<[u8; 32]>
-  ) -> Self::SeededRng;
-
-  // TODO: Consider a domain_separate function
+  fn challenge(&mut self, label: &'static [u8]) -> Vec<u8>;
+  fn rng_seed(&mut self, label: &'static [u8], additional_entropy: Option<[u8; 32]>) -> [u8; 32];
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct DigestTranscript<D: Digest>(Vec<u8>, PhantomData<D>);
-impl<D: Digest> Transcript for DigestTranscript<D> {
-  // Uses ChaCha12 as even ChaCha8 should be secure yet 12 is considered a sane middleground
-  type SeededRng = ChaCha12Rng;
 
-  fn new(label: &'static [u8]) -> Self {
-    DigestTranscript(label.to_vec(), PhantomData)
+impl<D: Digest> DigestTranscript<D> {
+  pub fn new(label: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
+    DigestTranscript(label, PhantomData)
+  }
+}
+
+impl<D: Digest> Transcript for DigestTranscript<D> {
+  // It may be beneficial for each domain to be a nested transcript which is itself length prefixed
+  // This would go further than Merlin though and require an accurate end_domain function which has
+  // frustrations not worth bothering with when this shouldn't actually be meaningful
+  fn domain_separate(&mut self, label: &[u8]) {
+    self.append_message(b"domain", label);
   }
 
   fn append_message(&mut self, label: &'static [u8], message: &[u8]) {
@@ -42,40 +38,18 @@ impl<D: Digest> Transcript for DigestTranscript<D> {
     self.0.extend(message);
   }
 
-  fn challenge(&mut self, label: &'static [u8], len: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
+  fn challenge(&mut self, label: &'static [u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
     self.0.extend(label);
-
-    let mut challenge = Vec::with_capacity(len);
-    challenge.extend(
-      &D::new()
-        .chain_update(&self.0)
-        .chain_update(&0u64.to_le_bytes()).finalize()
-    );
-    for i in 0 .. (len / challenge.len()) {
-      challenge.extend(
-        &D::new()
-          .chain_update(&self.0)
-          .chain_update(&u64::try_from(i).unwrap().to_le_bytes())
-          .finalize()
-      );
-    }
-    challenge.truncate(len);
-    challenge
+    D::new().chain_update(&self.0).finalize().to_vec()
   }
 
-  fn seeded_rng(
-    &self,
-    label: &'static [u8],
-    additional_entropy: Option<[u8; 32]>
-  ) -> Self::SeededRng {
-    let mut transcript = DigestTranscript::<D>(self.0.clone(), PhantomData);
+  fn rng_seed(&mut self, label: &'static [u8], additional_entropy: Option<[u8; 32]>) -> [u8; 32] {
     if additional_entropy.is_some() {
-      transcript.append_message(b"additional_entropy", &additional_entropy.unwrap());
+      self.append_message(b"additional_entropy", &additional_entropy.unwrap());
     }
-    transcript.0.extend(label);
 
     let mut seed = [0; 32];
-    seed.copy_from_slice(&D::digest(&transcript.0)[0 .. 32]);
-    ChaCha12Rng::from_seed(seed)
+    seed.copy_from_slice(&self.challenge(label)[0 .. 32]);
+    seed
   }
 }

crypto/transcript/src/merlin.rs

@@ -1,42 +1,42 @@
 use core::{marker::PhantomData, fmt::{Debug, Formatter}};
 
-use rand_core::{RngCore, CryptoRng, SeedableRng};
-use rand_chacha::ChaCha12Rng;
-
 use digest::Digest;
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct MerlinTranscript(merlin::Transcript);
+pub struct MerlinTranscript(pub merlin::Transcript);
 // Merlin doesn't implement Debug so provide a stub which won't panic
 impl Debug for MerlinTranscript {
   fn fmt(&self, _: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), std::fmt::Error> { Ok(()) }
 }
 
 impl Transcript for MerlinTranscript {
-  type SeededRng = ChaCha12Rng;
-
-  fn new(label: &'static [u8]) -> Self {
-    MerlinTranscript(merlin::Transcript::new(label))
+  fn domain_separate(&mut self, label: &[u8]) {
+    self.append_message(b"dom-sep", label);
   }
 
   fn append_message(&mut self, label: &'static [u8], message: &[u8]) {
     self.0.append_message(label, message);
   }
 
-  fn challenge(&mut self, label: &'static [u8], len: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
+  fn challenge(&mut self, label: &'static [u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
     let mut challenge = vec![];
-    challenge.resize(len, 0);
+    // Uses a challenge length of 64 bytes to support wide reduction on generated scalars
+    // From a security level standpoint, this should just be 32 bytes
+    // From a Merlin standpoint, this should be variable per call
+    // From a practical standpoint, this is a demo file not planned to be used and anything using
+    // this wrapper is fine without any settings it uses
+    challenge.resize(64, 0);
     self.0.challenge_bytes(label, &mut challenge);
     challenge
   }
 
-  fn seeded_rng(&self, label: &'static [u8], additional_entropy: Option<[u8; 32]>) -> ChaCha12Rng {
-    let mut transcript = self.0.clone();
+  fn rng_seed(&mut self, label: &'static [u8], additional_entropy: Option<[u8; 32]>) -> [u8; 32] {
     if additional_entropy.is_some() {
       transcript.append_message(b"additional_entropy", &additional_entropy.unwrap());
     }
+
     let mut seed = [0; 32];
     transcript.challenge_bytes(label, &mut seed);
-    ChaCha12Rng::from_seed(seed)
+    seed
   }
 }