Add documentation on Validator Sets

docs/protocol/Constants.md

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+# Constants
+
+### Types
+
+These are the list of types used to represent various properties within the
+protocol.
+
+Alias                   | Shorthand | Type    |
+-----------------------------------------------
+Amount                  | Amount    | u64     |
+Curve                   | Curve     | u16     |
+Coin                    | Coin      | u32     |
+Global Validator Set ID | GVSID     | u32     |
+Validator Set Index     | VS        | u8      |
+Key                     | Key       | Vec<u8> |
+
+### Curves
+
+Integer IDs for various curves. It should be noted some curves may be the same,
+yet have distinct IDs due to having different basepoints, and accordingly
+different keys. For such cases, the processor is expected to create one secret
+per curve, and then use DLEq proofs to port keys to other basepoints as needed.
+
+Curve     | ID |
+----------------
+Secp256k1 | 0  |
+Ed25519   | 1  |
+
+### Networks
+
+Every network connected to Serai has a curve and a string ID. While the
+processor generates keys for curves, these keys are bound to specific networks
+via an additive offset created by hashing the network's string ID.
+
+Network  | String ID  | Curve |
+-------------------------------
+Bitcoin  | "bitcoin"  | 0     |
+Ethereum | "ethereum" | 0     |
+Monero   | "monero"   | 1     |
+
+### Coins
+
+Coins exist over a network and have a distinct integer ID.
+
+Coin     | Network  | ID |
+--------------------------
+Bitcoin  | Bitcoin  | 0  |
+Ethereum | Ethereum | 1  |
+USDC     | Ethereum | 2  |
+DAI      | Ethereum | 3  |
+Monero   | Monero   | 4  |